Investments in Safety by JR East JapanInvestments in Safety by JR East Japan

HIDEAKI KIMURAHIDEAKI KIMURATransport Safety Department Transport Safety Department

East Japan Railway Company East Japan Railway Company

International Railway Safety Conference in LondonInternational Railway Safety Conference in London

October 8, 2012 October 8, 2012

JR Group Map JR Group Map JR Group Map JR Group Map

JR East JR East

JR Central JR Central

JR West JR West

JR Shikoku JR Shikoku

Tokyo Tokyo Osaka Osaka JR Kyushu JR Kyushu

JR Freight JR Freight

JR Hokkaido JR Hokkaido

2

3

December 4, 2010December 4, 2010

Service started betweeService started between Hachinohe and Shin-n Hachinohe and Shin-AomoriAomori

Nagano

Niigata

Tokyo

AkitaHachinohe

Shinjo

Shinkansen 　　　　 1134.7 km 　　Conventional lines convertedfor Shikansen service 6377.9 km 　　New direct lines (see above) 275.9 km　　

*The figures are as of April 1, 2012　

Number of employees 59,130 　Working kilometers 7,512.6 km 　Number of stations 1,689 　Number of in-service trains 12,757/day 　Number of trains 　　　　 13,157 　

　　 Overview of JR East 1Overview of JR East 1 　　　　 Overview of JR East 1Overview of JR East 1 　　

Extension work underway (Shinkansen) 　

Shin-Aomori December 4, 2010December 4, 2010 　　 Service started betweeService started between Hachinohe and Shin-n Hachinohe and Shin-AomoriAomori 　　

4

Passengers: 16.50 millionTrain-kilometers: 710,000 KM

Door openings: approximately 6 million times

Signal validations: approximately 1.2 million times

Crossing openings: approximately 700,000 times

Per day:

　　 Overview of JR East 2Overview of JR East 2 　　　　 Overview of JR East 2Overview of JR East 2 　　

1. 1. Safety is an important mission for our railway businessSafety is an important mission for our railway business

a) a) We have been working consistently to improve safety as our important mission.We have been working consistently to improve safety as our important mission.

b) b) For safety investments , we have invested more than 2,200 billion yen underFor safety investments , we have invested more than 2,200 billion yen under the past four 5-year safety plans.the past four 5-year safety plans.

2. 2. Prevention of accidents by evaluating risks in advancePrevention of accidents by evaluating risks in advance

a) a) Our present method to prevent serious accidents is mainly to prevent repeating Our present method to prevent serious accidents is mainly to prevent repeating the accidents or events that had happened.the accidents or events that had happened.

b) b) In the fifth 5-year safety plan , we introduced risk evaluation that takes into In the fifth 5-year safety plan , we introduced risk evaluation that takes into consideration the frequency of the events we have experienced in the past ,and consideration the frequency of the events we have experienced in the past ,and the maximum scale of damage of the events we can imagine.the maximum scale of damage of the events we can imagine.

3. 3. Our way of thinking about safety investmentsOur way of thinking about safety investments a) a) We will continue the present method to prevent serious accidents. In addition, We will continue the present method to prevent serious accidents. In addition, we will advance the new method of before the fact prevention of accidentswe will advance the new method of before the fact prevention of accidents by risk evaluationby risk evaluation b) b) We will push forward countermeasures based on the experience of the Great We will push forward countermeasures based on the experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster, taking countermeasures for a possible East Japan Earthquake disaster, taking countermeasures for a possible earthquake directly beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area.earthquake directly beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area.

Contents Contents Contents Contents

5

04/10/23

6

Safety Basic Plan 1994-1998Integrated plan covering both

tangible and intangible aspects

Safety Basic Plan 1994-1998Integrated plan covering both

tangible and intangible aspects

Safety Priority Investiment Plan 1989-1993Formulation of a safety-related

investment plan

Safety Priority Investiment Plan 1989-1993Formulation of a safety-related

investment plan

Safety Plan 21 1999-2003Prevention of major accidents and

improvement of transportation quality

Safety Plan 21 1999-2003Prevention of major accidents and

improvement of transportation quality

2013 Safety Vision 2009-2013Approach safety through

independent thinking and acting

Safety Plan 2008 2004-2008Going back to basics and

re-approaching safety

Safety Plan 2008 2004-2008Going back to basics and

re-approaching safety

Midterm Plans for SafetyMidterm Plans for Safety

Creating a culture of safety

Rebuilding a safety

management system

Taking sure steps

to reduce risks

Promoting active installation

of safety facilities

Prevention of accidents by evaluating risks in advande

Safety-related human resource development and

system improvement

New perspective I

New perspective II

2013 Safety Vision 　 　 Approach safety through independent thinking and acting 　　

2013 Safety Vision 　 　 Approach safety through independent thinking and acting 　　

7

　

Mai hyatto

Train accidentsCollisions, derailments, firesAccidents at level crossings(Collisions or contact with trains at crossings)Accidents resulting in injuries or fatalities(Accidents causing deaths or injuries to people [excluding suicides])Accidents causing damage to property(Accidents causing JPY 5 million or more in property damage)

Train accidentsCollisions, derailments, firesAccidents at level crossings(Collisions or contact with trains at crossings)Accidents resulting in injuries or fatalities(Accidents causing deaths or injuries to people [excluding suicides])Accidents causing damage to property(Accidents causing JPY 5 million or more in property damage)

Events causing an impact or delay in train operations

Events causing an impact or delay in train operations

Events that could lead to a railway operation accident, events causing a major impact on passengers, and events caused by human error

Events that could lead to a railway operation accident, events causing a major impact on passengers, and events caused by human error

Events that were caught in advance, and for which the stipulated handling was conducted as a resultEvents causing concern on a regular basis

Events that were caught in advance, and for which the stipulated handling was conducted as a resultEvents causing concern on a regular basis

Transportation disruption

Events requiring attention

Events requiring reporting

Events with high possibility of passenger or employee death or injuryEvents with high possibility of passenger or employee death or injury

* Defined in Train Accident Report Regulations

　 　 KKind of railway accidents occur 　　　 　 KKind of railway accidents occur 　　

Train operation accidentsTrain operation accidents

8

Train accidentTrain accidentss (all JNR and All JR) (all JNR and All JR)Train accidentTrain accidentss (all JNR and All JR) (all JNR and All JR)JNR

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007年度

（件）

列車衝突 列車脱線 列車火災

2011

All JR

　　 　 　Collisions

Derailments

Fires

Fiscal year

(No. of accidents)

9

10

鉄道運転事故の推移

247

176156

12311695

86 73 72 75 71 8457

74

43

1

1

1

2

376

315

287

240247

210209

168165164160136142152

121111 121136

113134144144

85 22423121343732 226331 111443 364232

46405651

69

36

909257

5657

47686465

896686849092

122108128

130116

115

124

10669

1071

11

137

9296

1.60

0.56

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

年度

件

- 0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0鉄道物損事故鉄道人身障害事故踏切障害事故列車事故

100列車走行 万㌔あたりの件数

100万㌔あたりの件数

[Number of accidents]

Trend of railway operation accidents

Number of accidentsper million kilometers

Railway damage accidents Accidents causing personal injury Crossing obstacle accidents

Train accidents

　Accidents per million operating km

　

Number of Railway Operating AccidentsNumber of Railway Operating Accidents

Reduced by approximately one third since JR established

[Fiscal year]

　　 Major past accidentsMajor past accidents （１）　（１）　　　 Major past accidentsMajor past accidents （１）　（１）　

19511951 　　 Sakuragicho train fireSakuragicho train fire 　　　　 106 dea106 deathsths

19621962 　　 Mikawashima train collisionMikawashima train collision 　　 159 de159 deathsaths

19631963 　　 Tsurumi train collisionTsurumi train collision 　　　　　　 161 d161 deathseaths 11

　　 Major past accidentsMajor past accidents （２）　（２）　　　 Major past accidentsMajor past accidents （２）　（２）　

20052005 　　 Fukuchiyama Line derailmeFukuchiyama Line derailmentnt

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 107 d107 deathseaths

19881988 　　 Higashinakano Station train collisioHigashinakano Station train collisionn 　　 2 deaths2 deaths

20052005 　　 UetsuUetsu Line Line derailment derailment 　　 5 deaths5 deaths12

○1951 Sakuragicho train fire　　　　→ Improvements to train body structure, window structure, and connecting doors; train announcements; safety manifesto

○1962 Mikawashima train collision　　　　→ ATS improvement, radio alarms for train protection, regulation revisions, establishment of railway labor science institute

●1987 Japanese National Railways privatized and divided, and JR established○1988 Higashinakano train collision　　　　→ ATS-P improvement, safety research institute, training center, Midterm Plans for Safety

○1988 Rokuhara derailment → disaster prevention information system○1991 Shigaraki Kogen Railway collision → substitute blocking on single track prohibited as general rule

○1992 Osuga crossing accident → obstacle detection equipment, OH warning device○1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake → anti-seismic reinforcement measures on elevated bridges○1997 Accident at Katahama on the Tokaido Line→blocking instructions operations○2004 Shinkansen derailment caused by the Chuetsu Earthquake　　　　→ train breakaway prevention measures, early earthquake detection system, power outage detection equipment

○2005 Fukuchiyama Line derailment → ATS equipment for curved tracks○2005 Uetsu Line derailment → expansion of anemometers, gale warning systems, 　　　　　　 disaster prevention research center, operating regulations and Doppler radar research using weather information

〇 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake → anti-seismic reinforcement measures expanded, behavioral guidelines for tsunami occurence

History of railway accidentsHistory of railway accidentsHistory of railway accidentsHistory of railway accidents

13

14

Investment results

(Hundred millions of yen)

Safety Priority Investment Plan

Safety Priority Investment Plan

Safety Basic Plan

Safety Basic Plan Safety Plan 21Safety Plan 21

Safety Plan 2008

Safety Plan 2008

Fiscal Year

19911987

1988

1989

1990 1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2000

3000

4000

2238 2234

2773

2189 21462236 2223 2270

24592355 2414

2753

31533211

3234

979 970889 872

944

10631023

10801017

11121177

15191560

1818

safety Investment

Total investment

3637

1676

2013 Safety Vision2013 Safety Vision

Approximately JPY Approximately JPY 750 billion750 billion

(Five years)(Five years)

1679

3544

886895

276

550

0

1000 885 892 892813

1301

1749

20381961

2096

2262

829

2011

2012

1349

3074

3950(planned)

1630(planned)

Trend in safety investmentsTrend in safety investments

　 　 Conduct a total safety investment of over JPY Conduct a total safety investment of over JPY 2.2.7 trillion7 trillion

Fiscal 1987 to 2007all JR figures

Average number of deaths for accidents that caused deaths (persons per time)

An

nu

al a

vera

ge

freq

ue

ncy o

f occu

rren

ce (tim

es p

er ye

ar)

Falls

Door jamming

Non-blocking

Running through signal

Wind

Falling rocks

Crossing

Track work

Rain

Automobile intrusion

External obstacle

Track obstruction

Earthquake

Other

Brake handling error (bumper)

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000

Before Fukuchiyama Line accident

●:Average of all JR rail accidents■: Reference (JR East)

Excessive speed

After Fukuchiyama Line accident

Excessive speed

Risk analysis based on resultsRisk analysis based on resultsRisk analysis based on resultsRisk analysis based on results

15

Freq

uen

cy o

f o

ccurren

ce

Level crossing derailment accident

Maximum estimation damage ranking B⇒

A: Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake(assumption)

B: Osutakayama airplane disaster, Tsunami collision, Mikawashima collision, Fukuchiyama line derailment

C: Shigaraki-kougen Railway collision, Uetsu Line derailment

D: People being hit by a train at a station platform.

Ranking for potential damage

June 18 , 1989 Nambu Line October 12, 1999 Seibu Railway

September 26, 2002 Nagoya Railroad

Derailment: 21 cases

Non-derailment

1,271 cases

Derailment accidents on multiple tracks Maximum potential damage ranking B⇒

ABCD

Past crossingaccidents

Frequency

Number of level crossing accidents over the past 20 years

Evaluating new riskEvaluating new riskEvaluating new riskEvaluating new risk

16

One misstep...One misstep...One misstep...One misstep...

Operator related(Train collision at Otsuki Station on the Chuo Line)

Passengers: approximately 550 (78 injuries)

Train car related(Fire on the Arcadia on the Joetsu Line)

Passengers: 80 (no deaths or injuries)

Work related(Track upheaval near Takadanobaba Station on the Yamanote Line)

Passengers: approximately 2,000 (3 injuries)

Disasters (earthquakes)(Derailment accident on the Joetsu Shinkansen Line between Urasa and Nagaoka)

Passengers: 151(no deaths or injuries)

Signal related(Derailment accident at Sendai Railyard)

Passengers: 159(no deaths or injuries)

Track maintenance related(Backhoe collision near Oimachi Station on the Keihin Tohoku Line)

Passengers: approximately 150 (no deaths or injuries)

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D 　 　　 C 　 　　 B 　　 　 AMaximum estimation damage ranking

Fre

que

ncy of o

ccurre

nce

Contact with rolling stock on station platform

Wheel-climb derailment, sand, and gravel

Level crossing derailment accidents

Mafor earthquake in the Tokyo

metropolitan areaLow-speed derailment

Derailments due to excess speed

Risk evaluation and countermeasuresRisk evaluation and countermeasuresRisk evaluation and countermeasuresRisk evaluation and countermeasures

Dragging caused by door jamming

Derailments due to falling rocks

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Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake

Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake

Countermeasures against level crossing derailment accidents

Countermeasures against level crossing derailment accidents

Countermeasures against excessive speed;Countermeasures against miscommunication

Countermeasures against excessive speed;Countermeasures against miscommunication

Safety measures for station platformSafety measures for station platform Countermeasures against natural disastersCountermeasures against natural disasters

Detecting and stopping trains at an early stage, examining the earthquake-proof measures on each line

Countermeasures that prevent pedestrians from crossing just in front of moving trains, countermeasures against secondary damage, installation of crossing obstacle detectors according to the danger level at crossings outside of the Tokyo metropolitan area.

For train drivers, the installation of ATS※-P or ATS-Ps and countermeasures to prevent excessive speed at tenporary speed restrictions.※ATS:automatic train stopFor dispatchers, improving train radio systems and installing asystem with automatic communication to drivers and conductors on trains.

Installing movable platform barriers, increasing the number of emergency train stop devices, measures for safety of escalators and elevators, countermeasures that prevent passengers from falling between car and platform.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Reliable countermeasures against rock falls and landslips.

Major countermeasuresMajor countermeasuresMajor countermeasuresMajor countermeasures

19

10s

15s

20s

25s

Early detection and early stopping

地震発生

地震発生緊急停止

迅速な検知

自動でブレーキ

Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake

Countermeasures against Tokyo metropolitan area large earthquake

The times in the circle are the times needed for arrival to the city center(An earthquake in the north of Tokyo Bay used as calculation example)

Jr201r.icoJr201r.icoJr205y.ico

Chuo Line (Ochanomizu to Chuo Line (Ochanomizu to Suidobashi)Suidobashi)

Embankment (retaining walls, etc.)Embankment (retaining walls, etc.)

Reinforcement example (ground anchor)

Reinforcement of particularly weak sections

Expanding anti-seismic reinforcements

15s25s

Earthquakeoccurs Prompt detection

　Emergency stop

whenearthquake occurs

Automatic braking

20

Stance towards countermeasures until now

Stance towards countermeasures until now

○ Countermeasures focused on recurrence prevention　・ Countermeasures in response to gridlocks inside crossings　・ Countermeasures in areas immediately before crossings, etc.

Accident example Collision of train and automobile at the level crossing

Large crossing rod

New stance towards countermeasures

New stance towards countermeasures

Assumed accident case Collision train from opposite direction with car of derailed train

○ Countermeasures focused on advanced prevention　・ Countermeasures preventing secondary damage　・ Countermeasures in areas immediately before crossings, etc.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Breakaway prevention guard (example)

countermeasures against secondary damage

due to level crossing derailment accident due to level crossing derailment accident

countermeasures against secondary damage

due to level crossing derailment accident due to level crossing derailment accident

Crossing obstacle detection

equipment

River

Assumed accident case There is a river or tunnel in the area21

Safety measures for station platformSafety measures for station platform

(1) Changed safety equipment operating conditions

Office station

I/F

(2) Gentle stop function 　　　　　　⇒ Motor replacement

(3) Enhanced braking power　　　　⇒ Brake replacement

Footboard side plate

Lead-in portion of handrail belt

Escalator safety measures

Platform edge doors

Emergency train stop

alarm system

To elevator center

22

・ Breakaway prevention guard ・ Countermeasures against rail 　 rollover・ Continuing seismic reinforcement of elevates bridges

・ Expanding the early earthquake detection and train stopping systems

・ Preventing excessive speed by installing ATS

・ Introducing automatically transmitted train protection radio signals

・ Research on using Doppler radar ・ Using weather information・ Expanding the installation of anemometers, and increasing the sections to speed restrictions when winds are high

・ Expansion of windbreak fences

The Fukuchiyama Line derailment

The Joetsu Shinkansen derailment

The Uetsu Line accident

Countermeasures for serious accidentsCountermeasures for serious accidentsCountermeasures for serious accidentsCountermeasures for serious accidents

・ Signal passed at danger prevented by installing ATS-Ps23

24

Occurred: Friday, March 11, 2011 at around 14:46

Epicenter: Sanriku Oki (approximately 130 km east-

southeast of Oshika Peninsula (N38.0, E142.9))

Earthquake magnitude: M 9.0

(maximum magnitude of 7 = Kurihara City, Miyagi

Prefecture)

Number of aftershocks

Magnitude of approximately upper/lower 6: 1 time

Magnitude of approximately upper/lower 5: 14 times

(as of 15:00, 3/31)

Observed Si value: 85.4 kine at Shin-Sanbongi

(Shinkansen)

98.5 kine at Yabuki (conventional line)

44.0 kine at Shin-Urayasu (conventional line) 　　

[Reference] Shinkansen operations suspended at 18

kine or above Map of estimated distribution of seismic intensity

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (March 11, 2011 16:00)

Tokyo

Niigata

Morioka

Sendai

Fukushima

Omiya

Takasaki

Nagano

Epicenter

Overview of the Great East Japan Earthquake

Overview of the Great East Japan Earthquake

25

仙台

青森

盛岡秋田

郡山

福島

山形

新潟

川部

大館

東能代

八戸

好摩

花巻

北上

一ノ関

小牛田前谷地

石巻

岩沼

米沢

会津若松

いわき

新庄余目

坂町

大曲

横手

茂市

宮古

野辺地

大湊

久慈

岩泉

盛

女川左沢

仙石線

気仙沼線

釜石線

常磐線

山田線

岩泉

八戸線

東北本線

奥羽本線

陸羽東線

仙山線

磐越東線

Sendai Station on the Tohoku Shinkansen Line: Derailment

Shinchi Station on the Joban Line: Overturning

Tsugaruishi Station on the Yamada Line: Derailment

Between Matsuiwa and Saichi on the Kesennuma Line:

Overturning

Onagawa Station on the Ishinomaki Line: Overturning

Nagacho Station on the Tohoku Line: Derailment

Hamayoshida Station on the Joban Line:

Flooding and overturning

Sendai Shinko: Derailment and flooding

Between Tomei and Nobiru on the Senseki Line: Derailment

Ishinomaki Station on the Senseki Line: Flooding

Damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (trains and train cars)

Damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (trains and train cars)

26

長岡

仙台

青森

盛岡秋田

郡山

福島

山形

松本

長野

高崎

新潟

千葉東京

大宮

八王子

水戸

宇都宮

川部

大館

東能代

八戸

好摩

花巻

北上

一ノ関

小牛田前谷地

石巻

岩沼

米沢

会津若松

いわき

小山

小淵沢

渋川

新庄余目

坂町

大曲

横手

茂市

30km

20km

宮古

野辺地

大湊

久慈

岩泉

盛

女川左沢

日光 烏山

仙石線

気仙沼線

釜石線

常磐線

山田線

岩泉線

八戸線

東北本線

奥羽本線

陸羽東線

仙山線

磐越東線

水郡線

Damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (ground equipment)

Between Sakunami and Yatsumori on the Senzan Line: Embankment runoff

Slippage

Between Fukushima and Higashifukushima on the Tohoku Line:

Bridge girder angle portion damage

Between Nagacho and Miyagino on the Tohoku Freight Line: Retaining wall

landslide and embankment runoff

Between Shin-Hanamaki and Morioka on the Tohoku Shinkansen Line: Elevated bridge pillar damage (reinforcements

exposed)

Hitachitaga Station on the Joban Line: Platform retaining wall collapsed

Between Sendai and Shinkansen General Railyard Center on the Tohoku Shinkansen Line: Electric pole breakage

Between Niwasaka and Akaiwa on the Ou Line: Retaining wall

tilting and track bed runoff

Between Nobukata and Kashimajingu on the Kashima Line:

Bridge girder slippage

Between Yabuki and Izumisawa on the Tohoku Line: Embankment sinking

27

(1) Structural reinforcements

Seismic reinforcement of elevated bridges

(2) Emergency train stops

Improvements in the Shinkansen early

　　　　　　 earthquake detection system

Installation of train stop detection equipment in train cars

(3) Measures that keep trains close to the track when there is a deralment

L-shaped car guide

Countermeasures against rail rollover

Existing countermeasures against earthquakeExisting countermeasures against earthquake

・ Preparations for an earthquake directly under the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Countermeasures for earthquake directly beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area (Viaduct columns, embankments and bridges, etc.)・ Expansion of countermeasures based on experience of Great East Japan Earthquake

28

Further strengthening through anti-seismic reinforcement measures

・ Expanding the installation of seismometers・ Strengthening communication functions, enhancing capacity of batteries at communications offices, etc. ・ Speedy search and rescue after the occurrence of an earthquake and measures to ensure the maintenance of the functions of the Countermeasures Headquarters.

Decreasing damage after the occurrence of an earthquake 　

・ re-examination of the way how our manuals and training should be, establishment of a disaster message board and emergency evacuation routes, etc.

Tsunami countermeasures

Expanding countermeasures against earthquakeExpanding countermeasures against earthquake

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention