Investigating the Suitability of Creating Speed Bumps in Terrace Housing Area in Bandar Baru Selayang

8/2/2019 Investigating the Suitability of Creating Speed Bumps in Terrace Housing Area in Bandar Baru Selayang

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Investigating The Suitability of Creating Speed Bumps in Terrace Housing Area

In Bandar Baru Selayang

Khairul Nadzrin Bin Hashim

Department of Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design,

International Islamic University of Malaysia,

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Phone: 012-2203745

e-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

The function of speed bumps is to reduce the speed and volume on whichever vehicles that passed through it. But, apparently, speed bump varies according to

their sizes and it gives different impact in slowing down the vehicular. This research

focuses on investigating the suitability of creating speed bumps in terrace housing

area. Main issues discussed were, residents of terrace houses demand for speed

bumps due to its possibilities to increase their safety level. Some of the research

problem found were the design of speed bumps, sizes and span between each

speed bumps were varies according to its surroundings. The question arises were

whether there are standards on speed bump design. Does it influence according to

its site context. This research was conducted through research by using books,

newspaper, journal, power point slides, internet articles, experiments based on

observations. It has been found that speed bumps can be utilized as green energy

source. The power collected can be used to light-up street and traffic lights.

Furthermore, the design of the speed bumps consisting of its width, height and

numbers of speed bumps also varies according to its site context. All in all, it is

recommended that more studies should be done speed bumps usage and design so

that it could be applied, thus increase the safety level for pedestrians and awareness

of the people towards providing better community.

Keywords: road, speed, security, accidents, bumpers, pedestrian
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Introduction

Malaysia has a rapid growth in

terms of transportation within this 20

years. This is due to the increasing

number of population, which leads to

urbanization process and the

improvisation of countrys economy.

Due to these reasons, the numbers of

vehicular grow rapidly. This affect the

level of accident happen among road

users either using vehicular orpedestrians.

Based on statistic by Jabatan

Keselamatan Jalan Raya (JKJR,

2009), the number of accident

occurred increased each year. In 1990,

number of accidents happen are

140090 which likely, 79642 from it by

car, 27611 by motorcycle, 17503 lorry

and van, 5928 bus, 9406 taxi.

Otherwise in 2007, numbers of

accident are 628527. 428475 from it

were cars, 111598 by motorcycles,

68982 by lorry and vans, 10296 by

buses and 8816 by taxis.

It is clearly shown based on table 1.1,

the rate of accidents in Malaysia is

really high. This should be taken into

serious matters. there are ways to face

the problems, and one of it is by

installing speed bumps.

Table 1 : statistic of accident cases in 10 years period.

years Number of

accident

Small injuries Fatal injuries Death cases

1998 55693 37885 12068 5740

1999 53063 36886 10383 5794

2000 50200 34375 9790 6035

2001 50506 35973 8684 5849

2002 47823 35326 6696 58912003 50864 37415 7163 6286

2004 47080 33413 7444 6223

2005 39716 25925 7600 6188

2006 29258 15596 7375 6287

2007 27645 13979 7384 6282

Source : JKJR (2009)


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Speed bumps is being used to

increase the safety level for the

pedestrians and cyclists. This method

is applicable only to road with low

density usage. If it is being installed at

high density usage, it may cause

serious traffic congestion.

Ray brindle, 2007, suggested

that, traffic calming system should only

be applied to low density usage of

vehicular. He also added it should be

categorized into several scopes sub-

urban, urban and metropolitan context.

Issue

Issue 1 :Sibu, May 23, 2011, Penduduk mahu pihak berkuasa bina bonggol jalan

untuk keselamatan (www.theBorneopost.com)

Issue 2 : Catonsville,April 09, 2007 As traffic grows, so does demand of speedbumps (sunreporter)

Issue 3 :Pedestrians at terrace housing area always encountered with road bullies

which affect their safety and life that could cause injuries and death.

Problems

Most of designers did not care for pedestrian ways for terrace housing

development.

The presence of speed bumps did not contribute to increase the safety level

due to its design and features.

The numbers of speed bumps and distance from one to another speed bumps

is insufficient.

Aim

To investigate the suitability of creating speed bumps in terrace housing area.

Objectives

To measure the interval distance of speed bumps from one to another.

To determine maximum numbers of speed bumps in one road.

To synthesize the design of the speed bumps according to its site context.


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Research Questions

Is there any standard measurement on the interval distance of speed bumps

from one to another?

What is the suitable numbers of speed bumps in one road?

Does the design of speed bumps varies according to its site context?

Scope

The research concentrates on Bandar Baru Selayang, around Klang Valley

area which situated at Selangor state on the west coast of the peninsular

Malaysia.

The research will only focus on measuring the interval distance, numbers of

speed bumps and the design of the speed bumps according to its site context.

Guidelines provided by authorities will be the base as to support the data

collection.

Research Limitations

This study consists of several limitations which are:

Informants; this studys information was taken form of opinion from people that

are related to terrace house design area only, such as, developers, architects,

local authorities, and most importantly is from the public who live in the area,

since they are the one who familiar with the situation.

Study area; due to time constraints, this study has been carried out Klang

valley area particularly in Bandar Baru Selayang area, and it is not consideredthe whole Klang valley area in including the other districts which are not

mentioned before.

Time frame; this report will only be based on the evidence of the constructed

research of a certain period of time. All data and information taken from those

particular timeframe only due to time constraints.


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Significance of research

The successful of designing

terrace houses area is depending on

how the developer and the architect

manage to tackle all the issue of safety

of the people who live there by taking

into consideration options such as the

public opinions, natural factors,

neighborhood context, future

development and also the effect of the

design itself. It is significance to see

how the effect of all those parties

involved works out with/without in

providing a safer environment to those

people who live in the area. Therefore

this report may give a good opinion to

assist agencies, developers, architects

and even local authorities in

developing residential area in a better

way.

Literature review

Introduction

In this chapter, the literature review includes the definitions, history of speed

bumps, criteria of instalation and types of speed bumps and effects of using speed

bumps.

Definition

Speed bumps also known

as a sleeping policeman, a kipping

cop, a slow child a speed hump, road

hump, speed breaker and judder

hump. Speed bump is a speed-

reducing feature of road design to slow

traffic or reduce through traffic, via

vertical deflection. The use of speed

bumps is widespread around the world,

and they are most commonly found

where vehicle speeds are statutorily

mandated to be low, usually 40 km/h,

or 8 to 16 km/h in car parks. Although

speed bumps are very effective in

reducing vehicle speed, their usage is

sometimes controversial as they can

cause loud noise and possibly damage

the vehicle if they encounter it at high

speed. Poorly designed speed bumps

often found in private car parks, too

tall, too sharp an angle for the

expected speed. Which is hard to

negotiate in vehicles with low ground

clearance, such as sports cars, even at

very slow speeds. Speed bumps can

also pose serious hazards to

motorcyclists and bicyclists if they did

not notice it.


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History

On The New York Times (June

6,1906), reported that there are an

early implementation of what might be

considered as speed bumps in the U.S

town Chatham, New Jersey. The idea

is by raised its crosswalks five inches

from the road level. The average of

automobile at that time was around

45km/h. However, according to the

publication of Institute ofTransportation Engineers the first

speed bumps in Europe was built in

1970 in the city of Delflt in Netherlands.

On the other hands, the

implementation of speed bumps has

encounters many objection from

various parties. Some of the issues

raised were, it will slow down response

time for emergency vehicles. It will also

cause noise pollution for the residents

who lived near the speed bumps.

Furthermore, it is also said that, by

encountering speed bumps, it would

cause spinal damage and chronic

backache.

Criteria of Installation

Based on DBKL, 2011,

installation of speed bumps are based

on complaints and request from

residents through formal application

from an individual or neighborhood

organization to the local authorities.

The installation of the speed

bumps is fall under Akta Parit, Jalan

dan Bangunan 1974 membenarkan

halangan untuk mengurangkan

kelajuan di satu lokasi dan sebahagian

dari Kaedah Redaan Traffik (traffic

calming).

The criteria of location for

installation of speed bumpers are as

listed:

Residential area

Near to institutional area

Childrens playground

Religious places

Listed below are the places thatare not suitable for speed

bumps installation:

Sharp turning road

Main road such as, federal

highway, highways, and

buildings that require lowemission of noise.


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Types of Speed Bumps

Usually, there are three types of speed bumps design, which are parabolic,

sinuosidal, and flat surface.

Figure 1 : Parabolic Speed Bump

Figure 2 : Sinusoidal Speed Bump

Figure 3 : Flat surface Speed Bump

Effects of using Speed Bumps

There was an experiment

conducted in Albuquerque in 2007, in

order to see the results of speed

bumps installation which were installed

in Four Hills area. Many speed bumps

were installed there since 1999. On

April 2007, City Traffic Engineering

Division has stated 272 locations

where the speed bumps were installed

and they have produce speed and

volume test data before and after the

installation of the speed bumps. These


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data were used to estimate the

reduction numbers of accident.

Base on Table 2, the volume of

traffic usage were reduced after the

installation of the speed bumps.

variables situation changes

before after changes percentage

Number of cars 113865 105293 -8572 -7.5%

Average speed 25.7 22.7 -3.0 -11.5%

Speed at 85% 31.9 28.4 -3.5 -10.9%

Accidents 617 532 -85 -13.8%

Accident rate 5.42 5.05 -0.37 -6.8%

Fatal injury 233 202 -31 -13.3%

Fatal injury rate 2.05 1.92 -0.13 -6.2%

Accidents that involving

pedestrian user

6 10 4 67%

Sources : City Traffic Engineering Division, 2007

Based on information from Polis Diraja

Malaysia in 2009, accidents happened

that involving pedestrian user are 2102

cases, which 636 cases from it

involving the death. Many of thepedestrians were killed while they are

crossing the road, pedestrian walkway,

on the middle of the road and also

traffic light area. Action to reduce the

speed of vehicular is maybe the best

method in reducing the death cases forthe pedestrian user.

Conclusion

Based on literature review that

being done, it can be conclude that

speed bumps is one of the best

method as traffic calming in terrace

housing area development. Speed

bumps is also widely installed in most

of the countries due its ability to be

installed in short time and the cost is

much lower compared to other traffic

calming devices. By doing this

literature review, it can help in easingthe experiment to be conducted.


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Research Methodology

Methodology can be defined as

series of systematic activities in solving

a problem. A particular methodology

will use a set of techniques to do

specific experiments. There are

several ways of doing methodology in

experiments but it the method must be

relevant and applicable to the

experiment and its context.

This chapter will consist of the

research structures, observation and

experiment guidelines and method of

data analysis.

Research Structures

Figure 4 : showing flow chart of research methodology

Issues and Research Objectives

Literature Review

Data Collection

Data Analysis & Findings

Conclusion and recommendation


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Instrumentation

Instruments that being used to record the data collected were, observation

checklist form, survey form, measuring tape, digital camera and GPS.

Observation Checklist

Road Road

Length

Interval

dimension

No. of Speed

Bumps

Location of

Speed Bumps

Type of

Design

Design

Dimension


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Measuring tape

Figure 5

To measure interval dimension between each speed bumps, and also

to measure the size and height of the speed bumps.

Digital camera

Figure 6

To capture sample of the speed bumps picture, as reference to do

survey experiment.


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GPS

Figure 7

To know the exact position of the road chosen.

Data Analysis

After all the data have been

collected, it will be revised back

and analyzed to ensure that the

objective of this research is

accomplished. Data were

analyzed using Microsoft Excel

program. The outcome data

were produced in charts and

diagrams.


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Findings/Outcome

This research was conducted in 6 different locations. Location chosen are Jalan 2/20,

2/18, 2/3, 2/3a, 2/7a and 2/9a. Overall map of locations chosen is shown in figure 8.

Figure 8 : showing 6 chosen road to conduct the research.


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1. Jalan 2/20

Figure 9

Road length : 277m

Interval length : 70m

No. of Speed Bumps : 4

Location of Speed Bumps : normal terrace housing area

Design type : parabolic

Dimension : 700mm wide, 70mm height


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2. Jalan 2/18

Figure 10

Road length : 360m



Location of Speed Bumps : normal terrace housing area




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3. Jalan 2/16

Figure 11

Road length : 940m



Location of Speed Bumps : near to institutional area (primary school)




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4. Jalan 2/7

Figure 12

Road length : 290m



Location of Speed Bumps : high-profile terrace housing area




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5. Jalan 2/3a

Figure 13

Road length : 430m



Location of Speed Bumps : terrace housing area near to playground




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6. Jalan 2/3

Figure 14

Road length : 312m



Location of Speed Bumps : near to religious & institutional area




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Base on the observation, due to

time constraint, a quick graphical

analysis were done as to support the

hypothesis for the evidences collected.

The analysis were test between the

design of the speed bumps and the

context surrounds it. It varies based on

the speed bumps height width and

number of speed bumps on each road.

charts 1 : showing width of speed bumps according to the site context.

0

200

400

600

8001000

1200

1400

1600

Jalan 2/20 -

Normal terrace

housing area

Jalan 2/18 -

Normal terrace

housing area

Jalan 2/16 -

Near to

instituitional

Area (primary

school)

Jalan 2/3 - Near

to religious &

instituitional

Area

Jalan 2/3a -

Near to

children's

playground

Jalan 2/7 - High

profile

residence Area

Speed Bump (width(mm))

Speed Bump

(width(cm))


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charts 2 : showing height of speed bumps according to the site context.

charts 3 : showing numbert of speed bumps according to the site context.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Jalan 2/20 -

Normal terrace

housing area

Jalan 2/18 -

Normal terrace

housing area

Jalan 2/16 -

Near to

instituitional

Area (primaryschool)

Jalan 2/3 -

Near to

religious &

instituitionalArea

Jalan 2/3a -

Near to

children's

playground

Jalan 2/7 -

High profile

residence Area

Speed Bump (height(mm))

Speed Bump

(height(mm))

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

Jalan 2/20 -

Normal terrace

housing area

Jalan 2/18 -

Normal terrace

housing area

Jalan 2/16 -

Near to

instituitional

Area (primary

school)

Jalan 2/3 -

Near to

religious &

instituitional

Area

Jalan 2/3a -

Near to

children's

playground

Jalan 2/7 -

High profile

residence Area

Number of Speed Bumps

Speed Bump

(height(mm))


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Conclusion & Recommendation

From the data collected, it

can be conclude that speed bumps

installation varies according to its site

context. The suitability in terms of its

height, width and design also varies

according to the needs of its site

context.

Furthermore, based on the

graphical analysis that has being done.

A hypothesis can be made out of it.

Design of speed bumps varies

according to it site context.

It is recommended that speed

bumps design should be taken into

consideration by architects, planners

and developers in designing new

terrace housing development. This is

to ensure the safety of the pedestrians

and community who live in the terrace

housing area.


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References

Data Kemalangan Jalan Raya Bagi

Tempoh 10 tahun

(2009)(Http://www.jkjr.gov.my.)

Polis Diraja Malaysia (2009). Laporan

Perangkaan Kemalangan Jalan Raya

Malaysia, cawangan trafik, ibu pejabat

polis Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur.

Statistik jenis-jenis Kenderaan Yang

Kerap Terlibat dalam kemalangan

Jalan Raya(2009)(

Http://www.jkjr.gov.my.)

Laura Barnhardt, April 2007

(www.Baltimoresun.com)

Portal Rasmi Dewan Bandaraya Kuala

Lumpur

(2011)(http://www.dbkl.gov.my)

Speedbumps, 2011

(www.Wikipedia.org)

Akta Pengangkutan Jalan 1987 (akta

333) (http://www.kkr.gov.my)
http://www.jkjr.gov.my/http://www.jkjr.gov.my/http://www.jkjr.gov.my/http://www.jkjr.gov.my/http://www.jkjr.gov.my/http://www.baltimoresun.com/http://www.baltimoresun.com/http://www.baltimoresun.com/http://www.baltimoresun.com/http://www.dbkl.gov.my/http://www.dbkl.gov.my/http://www.dbkl.gov.my/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.kkr.gov.my/http://www.kkr.gov.my/http://www.kkr.gov.my/http://www.kkr.gov.my/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.dbkl.gov.my/http://www.baltimoresun.com/http://www.jkjr.gov.my/http://www.jkjr.gov.my/

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Investigating the Suitability of Creating Speed Bumps in Terrace Housing Area in Bandar Baru Selayang