Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics

International Union ofTheoretical and Applied Mechanics

M.Tanaka, H. D. Bui (Eds.)

Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics

IUTAM Symposium Tokyo, 1992

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Prof. Masataka Tanaka Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Shinshu University 500 Wakasato. Nagano 380 Japan

Prof. Huy Duong Bui Laboratoire de Mec;mique des Solides Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau France

ISBN 978-3-642-52441-7 ISBN 978-3-642-52439-4 (eBook) 001 10.1007/978-3-642-52439-4

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whetherthe whole orpart ofthe material is concerned. specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm orin otherways,and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copy-right Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-VerlagViolations are liable forprosecution act underthe German Copy-right Law.

Springer-Verlag Berlln Heldelberg

Orlglnally publlshed by Springer-Verlag, Berlln Heldelberg 1993 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1993

The use ofgeneral descriptive names,registered names, trademarks,etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Typesetting : Camera ready by authors

61/3020-5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper.

Preface

There are many kinds of inverse problems across a wide variety of fields. In general, the inverse problem can be defined as the problem where one should estimate the cause from the result, while the direct problem is concerned with how to obtain the result from the cause. At present in engineering fields, CT scan, ultrasonic techniques and so on can be successfully applied to some of the inverse problems including nondestructive evaluation or testing. On the other hand, different attempts have also been made recently in such a way that the computational software available for the direct problem is applied to the corresponding inverse problem analysis. In most of these computational approaches, the inverse problem is formulated into a parameter identification problem in which the set of parameters corresponding to the lacking data to be estimated should be found by minimizing a suitable cost function. Two main difficulties encountered in the inverse analysis are non-uniqueness and ill-posedness of the inverse solution. The former difficulty should be overcome by selecting one useful solution from the engineering view point. The latter difficulty could be circumvented or overcome from theoretical or mathematical considerations.

To make further advances in the inverse problem research, fruitful discussion is required between researchers in mathematic3I sience and engineering. It was intended in the present IUTAM Symposium to gather scientists and researchers in engineering mechanics who are working in the inverse problems, in order to exchange the newest research information and hopefully to make a breakthrough in computational and experimental approaches to the inverse problems. The following domains have been the object of presentations and discussions: mathematical and computational aspects of the inverse problems, parameter or system identification, shape determination, sensitivity analysis, optimization, material property characterization, ultrasonic nondestructive testings, elastodynamic inverse problems, thermal inverse problems and other miscellaneous engineering applications. In the Symposium, five general lectures and flftyeight contributions were presented from attendees participanting from Asia, Europe and North America. The current volume includes most of these presentations, and can provide a state-of-the-art review of the inverse problems in engineering mechanics. As the editors of this topical book we hope that technology transfer of the newest research on inverse problems allover the world will be stimulated and accelerated through this book.

As the organizers of the Symposium we wish to express our cordial thanks to all the members of the Scientific Committee and the Local Organizing Committee formed in the JASCOME. Financial support from the IUTAM is gratefully acknowledged. Co-sponsorship by the following academic societies in Japan and France is heartily appreciated: Acoustical Society of Japan, Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, Japan Society for Simulation Technology, Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity, Japan Society for Computational Methods in Engineering, Ecole Poly technique (France) and Electricite de France. Helpful efforts of the JASCOME office as the secretariat of the Symposium should also be appreciated.

Masataka TANAKA, Shinshu University / Japan September 1992 Huy Duong BUI, Ecole Poly technique / France

Symposium Chairmen

Prof. Masataka TANAKA Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Shinshu University 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380 /Japan

Prof. Huy Duong BUI Laboratoire de Mecanique des Solides Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau / France

International Scientific Committee

Prof. J.D. Achenbach Center for Quality Engineering and Failure Prevention Northwestern University Everston, IL 60208-3020 / USA

Prof. A. Bamberger Institut Francais du Petrole Preau BP 311 / France

Prof. C.A. Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology University of Portsmouth Southampton S04 2AA / UK

Prof. H.D. Bui (Co-Chairman) Laboratoire de Mecanique des Solides Ecole Poly technique 91128 Palaiseau / France

Prof. G.M.L. Gladwell Faculty of Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo / Canada

Prof. F. Hartmann FB 14 University of Kassel D-3500 Kassel/Germany

Prof. S. Kubo Faculty of Engineering Osaka University Suita 565 / Japan

Prof. G. Maier Institut Polytecnico di Milano Milan / Italy

Prof. K. Miya Faculty of Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo 113 / Japan

Prof. J. Orkisz Institute of Structural Mechanics Technical University of Cracow Cracow / Poland

Prof. M. Tanaka (Co-Chairman) Faculty of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano 380/ Japan

Prof. F. Ziegler Institut fuer Allgemeine Mechnik Technische Universitaet Wien Vienna / Austria

VII

Participants

J.D. Achenbach Northwestern University USA S. Andrieux Electricite de France FRANCE S. Audebert Electricite de France FRANCE M. Bonnet Ecole Poly technique FRANCE H.D. Bui Ecole Poly technique FRANCE M. Cahouet Electricite de France FRANCE T.H. Chau Electricite de France FRANCE YM. Chen State University of New York USA DJ. Chinn Delft University of Technology NETHERLANDS S.K. Datta University of Connecticut USA G.S. Dulikravich Pennsylvania State University USA G.M.L. Gladwell University of Waterloo CANADA M. Hendriks TNO Building and Construction Research NETHERLANDS L.S. Koo Idaho National Engineering Laboratory USA B.M. Kwak Korea Advanced Institute of Science and

Technology KOREA A. Ledesma Technical University of Catalonia SPAIN M. Link University of Kassel GERMANY A. Louis University of Saarland GERMANY R.H. Lyon Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA T. Mura Northwestern University USA H.G. Natke University of Hannover GERMANY B. Novotny Solvak Academy of Sciences CZECKOSLOVAKIA J.Orkisz Technical University of Cracow POLAND c.L. Tan Carleton University CANADA A. Vautrin Ecole des Mines FRANCE

B. Zhu Shandong University CHINA

YAkiyama Unic Corporation JAPAN S. Aoki Tokyo Institute of Technology JAPAN

De Cerqueira e Souza Kyoto University JAPAN

T. Fukui Fukui University JAPAN H. Fukuoka Osaka University JAPAN

K. Fujimata Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. JAPAN

H. Hangai University of Tokyo JAPAN

K. Harumi Tokyo University of Information Sciences JAPAN

M. Hirao Osaka University JAPAN

S. Hirose Okayama University JAPAN

T. Honma Hokkaido University JAPAN

Y Hosoda Nagoya University JAPAN

Y Ichikawa Nagoya University JAPAN

M. Iida U ni versity of Tokyo JAPAN

IX

H. Imabayashi Shinko Electric Co., Ltd. JAPAN H.Imai University of Tsukuba JAPAN

H. Inoue Tokyo Institute of Technology JAPAN

y. Iso Kyoto University JAPAN

K.Iwamura Josai University JAPAN

y. Kanai University of Industrial Technology JAPAN

H. Kanda Yanmer Diesel Engine Co., Ltd. JAPAN Y. Kasuga Yokohama National University JAPAN Y. Kagawa Okayama University JAPAN

H. Kawaguchi Hokkaido University JAPAN

K. Kishimoto Tokyo Institute of Technology JAPAN

T. Kitagawa University of Tsukuba JAPAN

M. Kitahara Tokai University JAPAN

S. Kobayashi Kyoto University JAPAN

T. Koike NTT Advanced Technology Corporation JAPAN

F. Kojima Osaka Institute of Technology JAPAN

W. Kozukue Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. JAPAN

S. Kubo Osaka University JAPAN

M.Kubo Kyoto University JAPAN

T. Kuroyanagi JAPAN

K. Matsui Tokyo Denki University JAPAN

T. Matsumoto Shinshu Universuty JAPAN

A. Murakami Kyoto University JAPAN

M. Nakamura Shinshu Universuty JAPAN

N. Nishimura Kyoto University JAPAN

N. Noda Shizuoka University JAPAN

M. Notake Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc. JAPAN

T.Ohe Osaka University JAPAN K.Ohhashi Kyosera Corporation JAPAN K.Ohtsuka Hiroshima-Denki Institute of Technology JAPAN

S.Ohwaki Kumamoto University JAPAN

S.Oie Ono Sokki Co., Ltd. JAPAN

M.Okada Tohoku University JAPAN

T.Okuno Shimizu Corporation JAPAN

K. Onishi Science University of Tokyo JAPAN

Y. Otake Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. JAPAN

Y. Otani Fuji Research Institute Corporation JAPAN J. Pavo University of Tokyo JAPAN

M. Sakakihara Okayama University of Science JAPAN

K. Sato Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. JAPAN M. Sato Mitsubishi Electric Corporation JAPAN

X

T. Sayama Toyama Industrial Technology Center JAPAN T. Shimada University of Marketing & Distribution

Science JAPAN

Y. Shinozaki Kyoto University JAPAN

Y. Suzuki Aoyama Gakuin Universuty JAPAN

Y. Tada Kobe University JAPAN

M. Takadoya Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc. JAPAN

T. Takagi Tohoku University JAPAN

M. Tanaka Shinshu University JAPAN M. Tohyama Nippon Telegraph and Telephone

Corporation JAPAN N. Tosaka Nihon University JAPAN T. Tsuchiya Okayama University JAPAN

T. Tsuji Shizuoka University JAPAN

T. Tsukiji Ashikaga Institute of Technology JAPAN A. Utani Nihon University JAPAN M. Yamano Sumitomo Metal Industries Co., Ltd. JAPAN

K. Yamazaki Kanazawa University JAPAN

F. Yano Obirin Junior College JAPAN

K. Yoda Mitsubishi Electric Corporation JAPAN

S. Yoshimura University of Tokyo JAPAN

Total number of participants = 100

List of Contents

Chapter 1 MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS

On Regularization Methods within System Identification H.G. Natke (University of Hannover/Germany) .................................................. 3

New Approaches to the Optimal Regularization T. Kitagawa (University of Tsukuba/Japan) Y Hosoda (Nagoya University/Japan) ........................................................... 21

A Method for Solving Inverse Boundary-Value Problems Using Symbolic Computation K. Yoda (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation/Japan) ................................................ 27

An Application of the Fuzzy Control for an Ill-posed Problem H. Imai (University of Tsukuba/Japan) A. Sasamoto (Mechanical Engineering Laboratory/Japan) H. Kawarada (University of Chiba/Japan) M. Natori (University of Tsukuba/Japan) ......................................................... 31

Inverse Filtering for Reverberant Transfer Functions M. Tohyama (NTT Human Interface Laboratory/Japan) R.H. Lyon (Massachusetts Institute of Technology/USA T. Koike (NTT Advanced Technology/Japan) .................................................... 39

Chapter 2 COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS

Classification of Inverse Problems Arising in Field Problems and Their Treatments S. Kubo (Osaka University/Japan) ................................................................ 51

A Physically Based Method of Experimental Data-Concepts, Formulation and Application to Identification of Residual Stresses

W. Karmowski, J. Orkisz (Technical University of Cracow/poland) ......................... 61

Inverse Problems for Vibrating Systems in Two and Three Dimensions G.M.L. Gladwell (University of Waterloo/Canada) B. Zhu (Shandong University/China) ............................................................. 71

Inverse Spectrum Problems for Block Jacobi Matrix B. Zhu (Shandong University/China) K.R. Jackson (University of Toronto/Canada) R.P.K. Chan (University of AucklandlNew Zealand) ........................................... 81

Parametric Correction of Finite Element Models Using Modal Tests P. Ladeveze, M. Reynier, D. Nedjar (Universite Paris VI/France) ............................ 91

XII

Structural Defect Synthesis Using Noise-Frequency Response Characteristics for Coupled Acoustic-Structural System by Fuzzy Inference Method

W. Kozukue, I. Hagiwara (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd./Japan) .................................. 101

Inverse Problem Solution in Non-destructive Pavement Diagnostics -Computational Aspects B. Novotny (Solvak Academy of Sciences/Slovakia) .......................................... III

Inverse Formulation for Incompressible Viscous Two-Dimensional and Axisymmetric Flow Problems

T. Tsukiji (Ashikaga Institute of Technology/Japan) ........................................... 121

Chapter 3 PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION

Requirements for the Structure of Analytical Models Used for Parameter Identification M. Link (University of Kassel/Germany) ....................................................... 133

Inverse Problem in Mechanics of Structures: a New Approach Based on Displacement Field Processing

M. Grediac, C. Toukourou, A. Vautrin (Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne/France) ....... 147

New Method for Determining Contact Pressure Disributions by Using Caustic Images K. Sato (Chiba University/Japan) T. Yamaya (Japan Air System/Japan) ............................................................ 159

Estimation of Impact Force by an Inverse Analysis H. Inoue, K. Kishimoto, T. Shibuya, T. Koizumi (Tokyo Institute of Technology/Japan) .................................................................................. 169

Optimality of Internal Structure and Identification of Unknown Load Y. Tada (Kobe University/Japan) M. Kamada (Nippon Steel Corporation/Japan) ................................................. 1 79

Chapter 4 SHAPE DETERMINATION AND OPTIMIZATION

Shape Identification Using Acoustic Measurements: A Numerical Investigation Using BIE and Shape Differentiation

M. Bonnet (Ecole Polytechnique!France) ........................................................ 191

Shape Determination of a Scattering Obstacles by Eigenfunction Expansion Embedding Integral Method

T. Fukui (Fukui University/Japan) ............................................................... 20 I

Indentification of Crack Shape Hidden in Solid by Means of Neural Network and Computational Mechanics

G. Yagawa. S. Yoshimura. Y. Mochizuki. T. Oishi (University of Tokyo/Japan) .......... 2l3

Approximate Recovery and Redesign of a Curved Surface Based on a Flattened Form T. Shimada (University of Marketing & Distribution Sciences/Japan) Y. Tada (Kobe University/Japan) ................................................................. 223

XIII

Optimum Design of a Sound-Insulating Wall by the Boundary Element Method M. Tanaka, T. Matsumoto, M. Shirotori (Shinshu University/Japan) ....................... 233

Optimal Design of Cooling Lines of Injection Mold Based on Boundary Element Design Sensitivity Analysis

T. Matsumoto, M. Tanaka, H. Hirata (Shinshu University/Japan) ........................... 243

Efficient Shape Optimization Technique Based on Boundary Element Method K. Yamazaki, J. Sakamoto (Kanazawa University/Japan) .................................... 253

Chapter 5 MATERIAL PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION

Inversion of Surface Acoustic Wave Data to Determine the Elastic Constants of Nitride Films J.D. Achenbach, J.O. Kim (Northwestern University/USA) ................................. 265

Inversion of Source, Material, and Defect Characteristics Using Guided Waves S.K. Datta (University of Connecticut/USA) T.R. Ju (University of Colorado /USA) .......................................................... 277

Inverse Problems Associated with Nondestructive Evaluation of Plasic Damages in Solids T. Mura, T. Koya, S.c. Hsieh (Northwestern University/USA) Z.A. Moschovidis (Amoco Production Co./USA) Z. Gao (Clarkson University/USA) .............................................................. 291

Identification Aspects of Inhomogeneous Materials M.A.N. Hendriks (TNO Building and Construction Research{fhe Netherlands) C.W.J. Oomens (Eindhoven University of Technology/The Netherlands) .................. 301

A Parameter Identification Procedure as a Dual Boundary Control Concept for Wave-Propagation Problem

Y Ichikawa, T. Kyoya (Nagoya University/Japan) T. Ohkami (Shinshu University/Japan) x. Wu (Nagoya University/Japan) ............................................................... 311

Identification of Dynamic in Situ Soil Properties at Existing Structure Site K. Matsui (Tokyo Denki University/Japan) M. Matsushima (Tokyo Electric Power Service Co. Ltd./Japan) S. Ohtaki (Tokyo Denki University/Japan) ...................................................... 319

Characterization of the Damping Effect of a Vibrating System S. Audebert, H. Andriambololona (Electricite de France/France) ............................ 327

Identification of Parameters in Geomechanics Using a Maximum Likelihood Approach A. Ledesma, A. Gens, E.E. Alonso (Technical University of Catalonia/Spain) ............ 3 3 7

Identification Analysis of Distributed-Parameter Systems by Using Kalman Filter-Boundary Element Method

A. Utani, N. Tosaka (Nihon University/Japan) ................................................. 347

XIV

Chapter 6 ELASTODYNAMIC INVERSE PROBLEMS

Inverse Scattering for Haw Type Classification S. Hirose (Okayama University/Japan) .......................................................... 359

Shape Inversion from Phase Shifts M. Kitahara (Tokai University/Japan) K. Nakagawa (Total System Institute/Japan) .................................................... 367

Determination of Shapes, Sizes and Material Compositions of Large Inclusions in Elastic Media from Scattered Waves

YM. Chen (State University of New York at Stony Brook/USA) ........................... 377

Estimation of Unknown Boundary Values by Inverse Analysis with Elastodynamic Boundary Element Method

M. Tanaka, M. Nakamura, R. Ochiai (Shinshu University/Japan) ........................... 383

Source Inversion of High-Frequency Strong Motion Records in the Near-Source Region M. Iida (University of Tokyo/Japan) S. Hartzell (United States Geological Survey/USA) ........................................... 393

Optimum Strong-Motion Station-Array Geometry for Earthquake Source Studies M. Iida (University of Tokyo/Japan) ............................................................ .403

Chapter 7 ULTRASONIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION

Neural Network Approach to the Inverse Problem of Crack- Depth Determination from Ultrasonic Backscattering Data

M. Takadoya, M. Notake (Mitsubishi Research Institute/Japan) M. Kitahara(Tokai University/Japan) J.D. Achenbach, Q.c. Guo, M.L. Peterson (Northwestern University/USA) ............ .413

Simulation of Directivity Synthesis for Ultrasonic Transducers T. Tsuchiya (Okayama University/Japan) H. Khono (Daihen Corporation/Japan) y. Kagawa (Okayam University/Japan) ......................................................... .423

Inversion Using Multi-Tip Echoes of Elastic Waves K. Harumi (Tokyo University of Information Sciences/Japan) M. Uchida (Nihon University/Japan) T. Miyajima, Y. Ogura (Hitachi Construction Machinary Co. Ltd./Japan) ................ .433

Surface Reconstruction of a Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Raw L.S. Koo (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory/USA) .................................... .443

Generalized Ray Theory and Its Application to Long-Distance Ultrasonic Testing OJ. Chinn, H.A. Dieterman (Delft University of Technologyrrhe Netherlands) .......... 453

xv

A New Approach to Ultrasonic Image Reconstruction M. Yamano (Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd./Japan) S.R. Choyayeh (Iowa State University/USA) ................................................. .463

Chapter 8 THERMAL INVERSE PROBLEMS

Identification of Heat Conduction Coefficient: Application to Nondestructive Testing M. Bonnet, H.D. Bui, H. Maigre (Ecole Polytechnique/France) 1. Planchard (Electricite de France) .............................................................. .475

Determination of Void Shapes, Sizes, Numbers and Locations Inside an Object with Known Surface Temperatures and Heat Fluxes

G.S. Dulikravich, T.J. Martin (The Pennsylvania State University/USA) .................. 489

Determination of Time Dependence of Temperature in the Inner Surface of a Cylinder by Measured Informations on the Outer Surface

T. Tsuji, N. Noda (Shizuoka University/Japan) ............................................... .497

Transfer Function Approach for Solving Inverse Heat Conduction Problems in Piping Using Experimental Data

T.H. Chau, P. Morilhat (Electricite de France/France) ......................................... 507

A Method for Disbond Detection in Thermal Tomography by Domain Decomposition Method F. Kojima (Osaka Institute of Technology/Japan) .............................................. 517

Chapter 9 OTHER ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

Inverse Problem Approach Based on the Kalman Filtering and Its Applications A. Murakami, T. Hasegawa (Kyoto University/Japan) ........................................ 529

The Thin Shell Approach for Some 3D Engineering Inverse Problems S. Andrieux (Electricite de France/France) ...................................................... 539

Inverse Analysis for Estimating Galvanic Corrosion Rate S. Aoki, Y. Urai (Tokyo Institute of Technology/Japan) ....................................... 547

Estimation of an Electric Orbit Using Super-Potentials of Lienard-Wiechert Potentials H. Kawaguchi, T. Honma (Hokkaido University/Japan) ..................................... 557