Upload
ethelbert-greene
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Introduction to UNIX
2
History of Unix
1960 Software based on Hardware Limits
1969 Ken Thompson Develop a Better Programming
Environment1971
New Operating System - Unix Dennis Richie
3
History of Unix
Digital’s Role in Expanding Unix Introduced new PDP Computers 80% of all Colleges used DEC PDPs Included Unix
Unix Continues to Evolve Colleges & Universities AT&T Bell Labs
4
History of Unix
Problem Need to Port Unix to Other Platforms Unix written in Assembly Language
Solution Rewrite Unix Using `B` `B` Limitations `B` Required Modifications to Write Unix
5
History of Unix
`B` Programming Language Extensive Changes Made For Unix
Renamed to `C` High & Low Level Programming
Language Increased Portability Easier to Improve & Enhance Unix
6
History of Unix
1983 AT&T Announces Unix System V 1st Commercial version of Unix Unix Improvements Continue…
Unix System V Interface Definition (USVID) Clearly Defines Unix Interface Opens Unix Development
7
Using Unix
Graphical Interface Xwindows
Command Line Command Prompt
8
Unix Philosophy
Simple and Easy to UseMake Each Program Do One Thing
WellExpect the Output of One Program To
Be The Input Into AnotherBuild New Programs to do the JobSmall is Beautiful
9
Accessing Unix
Connect to UnixLoginPasswordPerform Necessary WorkLogout
10
Important Usage Notes
Return KeyESC (Escape Key)Ctrl (Control Key)Unix Is Case Sensitive
Upper Case and Lower Case Are Different!
Use Lower Case
11
Unix Login
`$` Unix Command PromptReady For Next Command
Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore)Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586login: rdefePassword:$
Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore)Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586login: rdefePassword:$
12
Unix Login
Login incorrect Incorrect Login name? Incorrect Password?
Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore)Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586login: rdefePassword:Login incorrectlogin: rdefePassword:$
Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore)Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586login: rdefePassword:Login incorrectlogin: rdefePassword:$
13
Unix Login
`$` = Command Prompt = Unix Shell Bourne Shell C Shell Korn Shell Bash Shell
Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore)Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586login: rdefePassword:$
Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore)Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586login: rdefePassword:$
14
Changing Your Password
Select a ‘Good` Password 7 Characters , Include Non-Alphas
$ passwdPassword:New password:New password (again):Password changedpasswd: all authentication tokens updated successfully$ exitLogin:
$ passwdPassword:New password:New password (again):Password changedpasswd: all authentication tokens updated successfully$ exitLogin:
Cntrl-D can also be used to logout
15
Changing Your Password
When The Command Doesn’t Work Too Short or Too Simple
$ passwdPassword:New password:it's WAY too shortNew password:Password change abortedpasswd: Authentication token manipulation error$
$ passwdPassword:New password:it's WAY too shortNew password:Password change abortedpasswd: Authentication token manipulation error$
16
Correcting Typing Errors
Backspace Key Cntrl-h is also backspace
Cntrl-c Ignore current line, return to $ Stop Currently Running Command
17
Unix Commands
Making a Mistake The Command Interpreter `bash`
Responds `Command not found`
$ xbash: x: command not found$
$ xbash: x: command not found$
18
Unix Commands
date Current System Date & Time Note: No Arguments & No Options
Argument Extra Information Passed along to the
commandOption
Causes the command to do something different
$ dateMon May 25 12:44:04 EDT 1998 $
$ dateMon May 25 12:44:04 EDT 1998 $
19
Unix Commands
cal Displays Current Month
$ cal January 1996 S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 2728 29 30 31$
$ cal January 1996 S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 2728 29 30 31$
20
Unix Commands
cal [month] [year] Use Arguments to Display a specific
Month & Year
$ cal 10 1996 October 1996 S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 2627 28 29 30 31$
$ cal 10 1996 October 1996 S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 2627 28 29 30 31$
Arguments
21
Unix Commands
cal [year] Display An Entire Year Use Cntrl-S/Cntrl-Q to Pause/Unpause Screen
$ cal 1996 1996
Jan Feb Mar S M Tu W Th F S S M Tu W Th F S S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 914 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 1621 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 18 19 20 21 22 2328 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31…more...
$ cal 1996 1996
Jan Feb Mar S M Tu W Th F S S M Tu W Th F S S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 914 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 1621 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 18 19 20 21 22 2328 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31…more...
22
Unix Commands
who Display Current Users Note: No Options & No Arguments
$ whordefe pts/2 Aug 23 20:25jsmith pts/5 Aug 23 22:30rdefe pts/1 Aug 23 13:53$
$ whordefe pts/2 Aug 23 20:25jsmith pts/5 Aug 23 22:30rdefe pts/1 Aug 23 13:53$
23
Unix Commands
who -q option
Display a Quick List of Current Users
$ who -qrdefe jsmit sbrowusers=3$
$ who -qrdefe jsmit sbrowusers=3$
Option
24
Unix Commands
mail [login id] Sending Unix Mail
$ mail johndSubject: Test emailHello thereThis is a test of my first unix email
$
$ mail johndSubject: Test emailHello thereThis is a test of my first unix email
$
Add additional logins here
To send, hit Cntrl-D on a Blank Line
Can only correct the line your currently on
25
Unix Commands
mail Reading Unix Mail
$ mailMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread>N 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job info U 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 Re:passwd 3 [email protected] Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 mail 4 [email protected] Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 trouble&
$ mailMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread>N 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job info U 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 Re:passwd 3 [email protected] Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 mail 4 [email protected] Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 trouble&
Mail Prompt - Enter Mail Commands
26
Unix Commands
Reading Mail + (Enter Key) - Display Next Message - Display Previous Message 3 To Display Message 3
$ mailMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread>N 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job info U 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 Re:passwd 3 [email protected] Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 mail 4 [email protected] Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 trouble&
$ mailMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread>N 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job info U 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 Re:passwd 3 [email protected] Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 mail 4 [email protected] Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 trouble&
27
Unix Commands
mail commands h - Display Mail Header Information s [message list] filename - Save message to a
file d [message list] - Delete message u [message list] - Undelete message R - Reply to Author r - Reply to All mail [login] - Send email
28
Unix Commands
mail commands x - Exit without saving changes
No messages deleted q - Exit save changes
Deleted messages are deletedRead email moved to a file named mbox
$ mailMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread>N 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job info U 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 Re: asswd 3 [email protected] Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 mail 4 [email protected] Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 trouble&
$ mailMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread>N 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job info U 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 Re: asswd 3 [email protected] Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 mail 4 [email protected] Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 trouble&
29
Unix Commands
Using mail to read saved mail files
$ mail -f lettersMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."letters": 1 message 1 unread> 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 lunch &
$ mail -f lettersMail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help."letters": 1 message 1 unread> 1 [email protected] Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 job 2 [email protected] Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 lunch &
-f followed by the file name
$ mail -f$ mail -f Reads the file mbox when the file argument is left out
30
Unix Commands
write [login] Send a message to the screen someone’s
screen$ write jsmithThis is a test of the write command
$
$ write jsmithThis is a test of the write command
$
Press Cntrl-D to return to a $ prompt
$Message from [email protected] on ttyp0 at 22:59 ...This is a test of the write command<EOT>
$Message from [email protected] on ttyp0 at 22:59 ...This is a test of the write command<EOT>
jsmith’s terminal
31
Unix Commands
mesg Turn online messages on/off
$ mesgis y$ mesg n$ mesgis n
$ mesgis y$ mesg n$ mesgis n
Display current message status
Turn messages off
32
Unix Commandsman [unix command]
On-line Reference Manual Spacebar - Display Next Page b - Previous
Page q - Quit http://www.ntua.gr/cgi-bin/man-cgi$ man who
WHO(1)
NAME who - show who is logged on
SYNOPSIS who [-imqsuwHT] [--count] [--idle] [--heading] [--help] [--message] [--mesg] [--version] [--writable] [file] [ami]
DESCRIPTION This documentation is no longer being maintained and may be inaccurate or incomplete. The Texinfo documentation is :
$ man whoWHO(1)
NAME who - show who is logged on
SYNOPSIS who [-imqsuwHT] [--count] [--idle] [--heading] [--help] [--message] [--mesg] [--version] [--writable] [file] [ami]
DESCRIPTION This documentation is no longer being maintained and may be inaccurate or incomplete. The Texinfo documentation is :