Introduction to the Human Body

Earliest anatomical studies occurred on live humans and animals called vivisection thousands of years ago.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Oil painting of animal vivisection on a live dog.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Leonardo da Vinci created 750 anatomical drawings from corpses from 1489-1515.

Anatomical research in the past hundred years has taken advantage of technological developments and a growing understanding of the sciences. What will we learn in your lifetime?

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Levels of Organization• This is just 1 version of the levels and are ordered from

the simplest level to the most complex. • Organelles• Cells• Tissues• Organs• Organ systems• Organisms• Populations• Communities• Ecosystems• Biosphereintro to human body Stop at 3:07

Levels of Organization - Cells• A cell is the basic unit of structure (shape) and

function (job) in all living things. • One kind of cell makes one kind of tissue. – Only hair cells can make hair tissue. – Only nerve cells can make nerve tissue. – Only sweat gland cells can make sweat gland tissue.

• Many organisms have many different kinds of cells because they have many different kinds of tissue.

• The human body is made of 100 trillion cells all working together.

Levels of Organization - Tissues• Tissues are large groups of cells all doing the same job. • Both plants and animals have different kinds of tissues.• The different kinds of animal tissues are classified into

four groups:– epithelial tissue– connective tissue– nerve tissue – muscle tissue

The next 4 slides give examples of the types of tissue. You DON’T needto write them all down. We will revisit them during each system.

Epithelial Tissue• protects the body from injury and infection • makes up the skin and the inner surfaces of

the body• the surface of the lungs• stomach lining• intestinal lining• blood vessels

Connective Tissue• most numerous and widespread of all tissue

types in our body• has the widest variety of functions (jobs)• Supports our bodies• Bone, cartilage, and fatty tissue are in this group • strong and yet usually can stretch to hold our bodies together • gives our bodies a frame

• The information networks for our bodies

• Nerves send information from one part of our bodies to another • They have long branching

dendrites that connect one cell to another

• Three types of muscle cells are combined to make the muscle tissue group.

• All these muscle tissues contract and relax. – Voluntary muscles are

striated muscle tissue – Smooth muscle tissue

makes involuntary muscles.

– Cardiac muscle tissue makes our hearts

Muscle Tissue

Levels of Organization - Organs• Organs are groups of tissues

that work together to do a job.

• Our skin is made of hair tissue, oil and sweat gland tissues, nerve tissue, blood tissue, and many other tissues to make the organ called skin.

• Our eyes are made of nerve tissue, blood vessel tissue, muscle tissue, lens tissue, pupil tissue, and many more types of tissue to make the organ called eyes.

Levels of Organization - Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body.

The different types of organ systems we will be covering this unit:

• Skeletal system- Supports and protects the body.• Muscular system- Enables movement of the body and internal

organs.• Digestive system- Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.• Excretory System – Removes wastes from the body through the

kidneys, liver, lungs, and large intestine.• Circulatory- Transports materials to and from the cell.• Respiratory system- Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon

dioxide.• Nervous system- Detects information from the environment

and controls body functions.

Levels of Organization - Organism • an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

Homeostasis• Homeostasis is the

process by which an organism’s internal (inside) environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external (outside) environment. It maintains BALANCE or EQUILIBRIUM!

Body Systems Rap

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yjLJfz6saU