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Introduction to Process Technology. Unit 4 Basic Physics. Objectives. TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D) Describe application of physical and mechanical systems Describe career oportunities Apply design concepts - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Introduction to Process Introduction to Process TechnologyTechnology
Unit 4Basic Physics
ObjectivesObjectives
• TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D) – Describe application of physical and
mechanical systems– Describe career oportunities– Apply design concepts– Identify emerging issues with these
systems
• What is Physics?• Properties and Structure of
Matter• Temperature Transfer• Temperature and Evaporation• Physics Laws• Fluid Flow
Today’s AgendaToday’s Agenda
• Physics is the study of force on matter and energy– Matter – something that has mass
and volume
– Energy – anything that causes matter to change, but does not have properties of matter
What is Physics?What is Physics?
Why Physics is Important to Proc Why Physics is Important to Proc TechsTechs
• Explains the basic principles of the equipment they use on a day-to-day basis. Examples –
• Allows them to understand the processes used to convert raw products to end products
Why Physics is Important to Proc Why Physics is Important to Proc TechsTechs
• Allows them to understand how to troubleshoot the process or to identify a problem and then solve the problem
• Allows them to understand how the process affects other processes downstream
Conservation of MatterConservation of Matter
• Matter cannot be created or destroyed; only changed
• Matter is considered to be indestructible
Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only changed
• Energy is considered to be indestructible
States of EnergyStates of Energy
• Potential – energy in a stored state
• Kinetic – energy in an active state (energy of motion or velocity)
• Atoms – smallest unit of an element– Protons– Neutrons– Electrons
• Molecule – substance comprised of 2 or more atoms
Structure of MatterStructure of Matter
• Atomic Number
• Atomic Weight
Structure of Matter Structure of Matter (Continued)(Continued)
• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases & Vapors
• Plasma
Matter and its StatesMatter and its States
• Mass
• Weight
• Volume
• Length
Extensive Properties of Extensive Properties of Matter Matter
• Density
• Specific Gravity
• Buoyancy
• Viscosity
Intensive Properties of Intensive Properties of Matter Matter
• Inertia
• Force
• Pressure
Intensive Properties of Intensive Properties of Matter Matter
Intensive Properties of Intensive Properties of Matter Matter
• Elasticity
• Speed / Velocity
• Friction
Heat TransferHeat Transfer
• British Thermal Unit (BTU) – English System
• Calorie – Metric System
Heat TransferHeat Transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
Heat TransferHeat Transfer
• Specific Heat
• Latent Heat
• Sensible Heat
• Superheated
Temperature and State Temperature and State ChangesChanges
• Temperature
• Boiling
• Evaporation
• Melting
Boiling PointBoiling Point
• The temperature of a liquid when its vapor pressure = the surrounding pressure
• Vapor pressure– A measure of a liquid’s volatility
and tendency to form a vapor– A function of the physical and
chemical properties of the liquid
Relationship of Boiling Relationship of Boiling Point/vapor pressure/ Point/vapor pressure/ surrounding pressuresurrounding pressure
• Liquids w/ High VP – Low BP• Liquids w/ Low VP – High BP• As surrounding Pressure
increases, then BP of liquid increases
Temperature and State Temperature and State ChangesChanges
• Condensing
• Freezing
• Sublimation
Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales
• Fahrenheit - oF
• Celsius - oC
• Kelvin - oK = oC + 273
• Rankine - oR = oF + 460
Pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge MeasurementMeasurement
• Gauge Pressure (psig) – pressure measured with respect to sea level. Any pressure above atmospheric.– Pressure due to atmosphere = 14.7 PSIA– PSIG = PSIA - 14.7
• Absolute Pressure (psia) = Gauge pressure + atmospheric
– PSIG + 14.7
• Vacuum Pressure (psiv) < 14.7
Atmospheric pressure – Conversion Atmospheric pressure – Conversion factorsfactors
• 14.7 psi• 760 mm Hg• 29.92 in Hg
• Vapor Pressure – higher bond strength, the lower the vapor pressure
• Boiling Point – lower the vapor pressure, higher the boiling point. Increase the pressure, increase the boiling point
• Melting Point
• Freezing Point
To the TextbookTo the Textbook
• Chapter 10 – Basic Physics (pages 130 – 155)
• Read pages 130 – 136
• Answer questions 1 – 14 on pages 152 - 154
Physics LawsPhysics Laws
• Boyle’ Law• Charles’ Law• Gay-Lussac’s Law• General (Ideal) Gas Law• Dalton’s Law• Bernoulli’s Law
NASA Video
NASA Video
General Gas LawGeneral Gas Law
• P1V1 = P2V2
n1T1 n2T2
Why Attention to Pressure Why Attention to Pressure is Importantis Important
Working with vacuums
Tanker Implodes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz95_VvTxZM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Overpressure situation
Dalton’s Law of Partial Dalton’s Law of Partial PressuresPressures
Bernoulli PrincipleBernoulli Principle
Bernoulli’s PrincipleBernoulli’s Principle
Fluid FlowFluid Flow
• Laminar Flow
• Turbulent Flow
Laminar FlowLaminar Flow
Turbulent FlowTurbulent Flow
Turbulent flowTurbulent flow
Factors Affecting FlowFactors Affecting Flow
• Viscosity• • Friction
• Obstructions
Gas Laws and Flow Principles Gas Laws and Flow Principles in Actionin Action
• Balloon Rockets – Conceptual Physics lab manual pages 55 & 56
• Incorporate the 8 Principles of Engineering Design link– Work up preliminary sketches prior
to launch– Write up observations and learnings
• Summary• Chapter 10 – questions 15 – 25
pages 154 & 155• Homework – Worksheets from
college manual• Activity – Floating Egg (textbook
page 155)