Introduction to LifeScience

What is science?

___________– systematic study of natural events and conditions

Scientists observe, investigate, and measure to gather___________.

Scientific ideas must be _________ and ___________ before data is shared with others.

Who are scientist?

What does a scientist look like?What does a scientist look like?

What characteristics make for a good scientist?

1.____________2.Creativity3.____________

Scientific Method Overview

1. Make __________2. Describe or ask a problem3. Develop a _______ (If/then format) -> must

be testable4. _________ an experiment5. _____________6. Evaluate your data7. Draw a_____________

Characteristic's that living thing share

1. Made up of one or more cells2. __________ to their environment3. Use _______4. Grow and mature5. Living things Reproduce

1. Made up of cells

Cell is a membrane covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life.

Cells are the ________________

__________ organisms are made up of one cell__________ organisms have more than one cell

2. Respond to their environment

Two parts: Stimulus and Response

___________ – A change that affects the activity of that organism

___________ – how the organism reacts

Example. __________ – cold temperature__________– you get goose bumps on your arm

Goosebumps

3. Use Energy

Need energy to survive.What are some ways organisms get their

energy?

Producer Consumer

3. Get or Make Energy

All animals need energy to survive.

Energy is needed to maintain body temperature.

___________ -The maintenance of a stable internal environment

Ex. Your body sweats when it gets too hot; sweating helps control your body temperature at a comfortable level.

4. Growth

5. Reproduction

Two basic ways:_________ reproduction results in diverse offspring.Requires two parents

What does this mean: diverse offspring?

_________ reproduction – single parent produces offspring whose genetic material is identical to its parent

Microscopes

Come in several different types, but all serve to magnify an object too small to see with the naked eye.

Body Tube

Nosepiece

Objectives

Stage Clips

Light

Ocular lens(Eyepiece)

Arm

Stage

Coarse Adjustment

Fine Adjustment

Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm and one hand under the base.

Base

Diaphragm

Compound Light Microscope

  Magnification Ocular lens Total Magnification

Scanning 4x 10x 40x

Low Power 10x 10x 100x

High Power 40x 10x 400x

Magnification •Your microscope has 3 magnifications: ___________ ,

_______________, and __________________.•Each objective will have written the magnification. •In addition to this, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. •To calculate the power of magnification: multiply the power of the __________ by the power of the ___________.

Comparing Powers of Magnification

We can see better details with higher the powers of magnification, but we cannot see as much of the image.

Which of these images would be viewed at a

higher power of magnification?

Focusing Specimens

1. Always start with the scanning objective.. Use the Coarse Knob to focus, image may be small at this magnification, Do not use stage clips yet, try moving the slide around until you find something.

2. Once you've focused on Scanning, switch to Low Power. Use the Coarse Knob to refocus.

3. Now switch to High Power. At this point, ONLY use the Fine Adjustment Knob to focus specimens.

4. If the specimen is too light or too dark, try adjusting the diaphragm.

5. If you are still having trouble contact me.

Drawing Specimens

1. Use ________- you can erase and shade areas

2. All drawings should include clear and proper labels (and be large enough to view details). Drawings should be labeled with the specimen name and magnification.

3. Labels should be written on the outside of the circle. The circle indicates the viewing field as seen through the eyepiece, specimens should be drawn to scale - ie..if your specimen takes up the whole viewing field, make sure your drawing reflects that.

Drawing Specimens

Taxonomy

What is the scientific name for the human species?

What are the common names for Felis familiaris and Canis Familiaris?

Why classify?

Organization

To study the diversity of life scientists need a system to name and group organisms in a logical way.

____________ - scientific discipline that classifies and assigns organisms a universally accepted name

Classification

Modern system developed by Carolus Linnaeus

Used Greek and Latin languages for scientific names

Linnaeus system is hierarchical with __________

Each level is called a taxon

Hierarchical System of classification

From largest to smallest1. Kingdom2. _______3. _______4. Order5. _______6. Genus7. Species

Binomial Nomenclature

Two part system that scientists use to classify organisms

Genus- group of similar speciesSpecies- the particular type of species

Ex. Canis familiaris & Felis familiaris

Canis familiaris & Felis familiaris