Introduction to KinesiologyApplied Kinesiology420:151

AgendaWhat is kinesiology?Why study kinesiology?How do we study kinesiology?Review Topics

What is Kinesiology?Definition: The study of human movement via the physical sciences.Physics BiomechanicsAnatomy Musculoskeletal anatomyStructurePhysiology Neuromuscular physiologyFunction

KINESIOLOGYFUNCTIONAL ANATOMYSpinePelvic GirdleShoulder GirdleKINEMATICSLinearAngularVectorsScalarsPositionDisplacementVelocityAccelerationProjectilesVectorsAnglesPositionDisplacementVelocityAccelerationKINETICSLinearAngularGR ForcesFrictionFluidElasticityNewtons LawsWorkPowerCentripedal FImpulseMomentumTorqueC of GLeversAccelerationNewtons LawsWork PowerStabilityImpulseMomentumMuscular SystemNervous SystemBIOMECHANICS

AgendaWhat is kinesiology?Why study kinesiology?How do we study kinesiology?Review Topics

Why Study Kinesiology?To improve performance.There are many applications of improving performance. Examples?Athletic performance, dance/pedagogy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, gait analysis, human factors, ergonomics. . .

Why Study Kinesiology?What does an improvement in performance mean? An optimization of:SafetyEffectivenessEfficiencyThese are the BIG 3 underlying objectives!

AgendaWhat is kinesiology?Why study kinesiology?How do we study kinesiology?Review topics

How Do We Study Kinesiology?What tools are used to study movement?VideoKinematics: Study of motion in respect to timeForce transducersKinetics: Study of forces that act to cause motionEMGComputer modeling

How Do We Study Kinesiology?Quantitative MethodsUses numbers to describe movementQualitative MethodsDescribes the quality of movement without numbersGeneral or specificEither are appropriate when performing a KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Kinesiological AnalysisPurpose: To describe, evaluate (anatomical and mechanical) and prescribe corrections

Step 1: DescribeIdentify the purpose of the movementIdentify the phases of the movementIdentify the simultaneous-sequential nature of the movement

Identify the PurposeSpeed?Form?Accuracy?Combination? Speed and accuracy?Others?Force and distance?

Identify the PhasesPrep phaseWind-up phaseForce phaseFollow through phaseIdentification of start and end points is criticalDiscrete vs. Continuous

Schaffer, Jobe, Pink & Perry, 1993

Identify the Simultaneous-Sequential NatureThe interaction of the segments involved in any movement can be placed on a continuum

Segments move togetherDirection: Straight line (linear)Purpose: Force, accuracySegments move in an orderly sequenceDirection: Along a curved path (angular)Purpose: VelocityAnywhere in between (push press)

Step 2: Analyze/EvaluateAnatomical analysisMechanical analysis

Anatomical AnalysisParadigmProcess vs. Product Performance vs. OutcomeThe anatomical analysis should answer several questions about the involved joints, muscles and reflexesEach phase must be considered

Anatomical Analysis: JointsWhat joints are involved?What segments are being moved?What are the beginning positions of the segments being moved?What are the actions of each joint?

Anatomical Analysis: MusclesWhat muscles are responsible for each of the identified joint actions?Are the muscles activated concentrically, eccentrically or isometrically?What type of force is responsible for the movement (external/internal)?

Anatomical Analysis: ReflexesWhat neuromuscular reflexes are present in the movement?

Mechanical Analysis:ParadigmMovement of the human body is governed by mechanical laws and principlesBefore identifying the mechanical factors that affect the movement, the underlying objectives of the movement should be defined

Mechanical Analysis: Objectives of MovementBalanceRegain stability or attain mobilityLocomotionPrescribed distance, patternProjectionFor maximum height, distance, accuracyManipulationObjects, reproduced pattern, resistanceMaximum EffortForce, velocity, power

Step 3: PrescriptionIdentify portions of the movement that do not meet the anatomical/mechanical idealDecide upon an appropriate strategy

AgendaWhat is kinesiology?Why study kinesiology?How do we study kinesiology?Review topics

Review TopicsArticulations (pp. 25-30)Orientation Planes and Axes of Motion (pp. 36-38)Fundamental Movements (pp.38-41)Location and action of major muscle groups