IntroductiontoHumanCenteredRequirementsandDesign

SWEN-445

CourseOverview

•  Attendance•  Project•  Researchpaper•  Quizzes•  Textbook:TheUXBookbyHartson&Pyla

WhyStudyHuman-ComputerInteraction(HCI)andSoftwareEngineering?

•  Virtuallyall“real”systemshaveaHCI– Graphicaluserinterfaces(GUI)ondesktops,laptops,webapplications

–  Embedded“smart”devices,non-traditionalinterfaces

•  BadUI’scost:– Money(yourproductwillbeaflop)–  Safety(vehiclescrash,medicalequipmentmis-used)

HCIisMultidisciplinary,including:•  SoftwareEngineering/ComputerScience•  Psychology/CognitiveScience

–  Knowledgeofuser’sperceptual,cognitive,problem-solvingskills•  Ergonomics

–  Knowledgeofdesigntoaccommodatetheuser’sphysicalandcognitiveabilities•  Sociology

–  Helpstounderstandthewidercontextoftheinteraction•  Business

–  Marketsthesystem,determinesthevalue•  GraphicDesign

–  Designstheuserinterface(element)presentations-aesthetics•  Communications

–  Technicalwritingtoproducetrainingmaterials,manuals,etc.–  Effectiveinformationinteraction

PsychologyandCognitiveScience

•  HCIbasedonpsychologyandcognitivescienceprinciples

“Usabilityguidelinesliveforalongtime;usabilitymethodsliveevenlonger.Humanbehaviorchangesmuchmoreslowlythanthetechnologyweallfindsofascinating,andthebestapproachestostudyingthisbehaviorhardlychangeatall.”

JakobNielsen

WhoBuildsInterfaces?

•  Ideally:Amultidisciplinaryteamofspecialists–  Graphicdesigners–  UXinteractiondesigners–  Ergonomicspecialists–  Technicalwriters– Marketers–  Softwareengineers–  Customersandusers

ChangingConceptofComputingandInteraction

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•  �Theworldisnotadesktop�—Tscheligi,2005(paraphrasingMarkWeiser)

•  Usability– Helpnovicesbecomeexperts– Helpexpertsbehighlyproductive

•  Progressionfromnarrowfocusontaskperformancetoentireuserexperience–  Emotion,socialandculturalimplications–  Fun,style,art–  Branding,reputation–  Political,social,personalconnection

•  InteractionintheUXcontextisbroad…•  Seeing,touching,andthinkingaboutsystemor

product•  Admirationandanticipationbeforeanyphysical

interaction•  Entireexperienceduringinteraction•  Savoringmemoryafterinteraction

ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX

ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX

•  Anexample:Usertozoominonmapimage– Olddays,commandlanguageinput

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•  Command,viapull-downmenu

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ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX

•  Directmanipulation,clickon�+�or�-�icon

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ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX

•  Embodied,fingergesture(multi-touch)

•  Makesyourealizethatdirectmanipulationwithamouseisnotsodirect

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ProgressingfromUsabilitytoUX

ComponentsofUX

•  Usability–  Learnability,memorability,efficiency/productivity,understandability/errors,usersatisfaction

•  Usefulness–  Systemfunctionality…– Givesabilitytousesystemorproducttoaccomplishgoalsofwork(orplay)

•  Emotionalimpact– Aboutuserfeelings:engagement,self-identity,aesthetics,“coolness”factor,joyofuse

–  (Relatestousersatisfaction) Enjoyment is fundamental to life.

Hassenzahl, Beu, and Burmester

MeasuringUX

•  Hardtomeasuredirectly•  Usabilityandusefulnessevaluation•  Emotionalimpactmorechallenging

– EstimateUXviaqualitativeandquantitativeindicators

– Qualitativeinterviews,surveys,observationtounderstandbefore,during,afterexperience

Activity:DifficulttouseProducts?

•  Thinkaboutaproductthatyouhavefoundtobedifficulttouse:– Whatwasthedifficultyandtheconsequencesoftheproductbeingdifficult?

– Whatdoyouthinkcontributestoorcausesthedifficulty?

•  Nowthinkofaproductyoureallyliketouse!“It is easy to write software that is hard to use and hard to write software that is easy to use”