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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Mrs. Doss

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BIBLIOGRAPHY All Information was taken from Microsoft Office 2011 For Mac Introductory by Shelly/Jones Cengage Learning ISBN: 13:978-1-435-46138-3 THIS POWERPOINT IS USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

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WHAT IS A COMPUTER? An electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules(process), produce results (output), and store the results (storage) for future use. Generally, the term is used to describe a collection of electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware.

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INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE Computers perform four basic operations: Input Process Output Storage These operations comprise the information processing cycle. These operations together process data into information and store it for future use. A computer gets its power from its capability to perform the information processing cycle with amazing speed, reliability, and accuracy; its capacity to store huge amounts of data and information; and its capability to communicate with other computers.

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PERFORMING OPERATIONS In order for a computer to perform operations, it must be given a detailed set of instruction that tells it exactly what to do. These instructions are called a program, or software. All computer processing requires data. Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Computers manipulate data to create information. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people.

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EXAMPLE Data 2 medium socks 1.49 1 small sub 3..49 1 salad 4.49 Processes Computes each items total price by multiplying the quantity by the price Organizes data Sums all item total price to determine order total Calculates change due to customer Arrow Deli 10 Park Street Maple River, DE 20393 QTY ITM TOTAL 2 Medium sodas 1.49 1 Small sub 3.49 1 Salad 4.49 Total Due

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USERS People who use the computer directly or use the information it provides are called computer users, end users, or sometimes just users.

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COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER There are six primary components of a computer that are referred to as Processor (control unit and arithmetic/logic unit) Input devices Memory Output devices Storage devices Communication devices A peripheral is a device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer. Peripherals can include input devices and output devices, as well as some storage devices and communication devices.

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INPUT DEVICE Any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer. Five widely used devices are: Keyboard- contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into the computer. There are different types of keyboards including: mini-keyboard, on- screen keyboard, and keypad. Mouse and other Pointing Devices- A mouse is a pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand. With a mouse, users control the movement of the pointer, which is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device. The touchpad and Magic Mouse are common pointing devices used on most Apple notebook computers.

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PICTURES On-screen keyboard keypad Mini- keyboard

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SYSTEM UNIT The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. For example: the motherboard sometimes called a system board, is the main circuit board of the system unit. Processor- also called the CPU, interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. Control unit- directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)- performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

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MEMORY Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions. Memory is temporary. When the machine is shut off all its contents are erased. RAM- (random access memory)- consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor.

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HOW MEMORY IS MEASURED Memory is measured four different ways: Kilobyte- (KB)- 1,024 bytes Megabyte- (MB)- one million bytes Gigabyte- (GB)- one billion bytes Terabyte- (TB)- one trillion bytes For example: A computer with 4 GB of RAM can store approximately four billion characters.

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OUTPUT DEVICES Output devices are hardware components that convey information to one or more people. Commonly used output devices include: Display devices Printers Speakers Headphones Earbuds Projectors Interactive whiteboards

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PRINTERS A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper. Two types are: Inkjet- produce text and graphics in both black and white and color Laser- high speed, high quality printer that operates in a manner similar to a copy machine.

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DISPLAY DEVICE A display device is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information. Most monitors are LCD monitors. Mobile computers such as notebook computers, tablet PCs, smart phones, handheld game consoles, and digital cameras, have built-in LCD screens.

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STORAGE DEVICES A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media. A storage medium is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information. Three common types of storage media are: Hard disks Flash memory Optical discs

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HARD DISK A hard disk is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information. Some hard disks are portable. An external hard disk is separate freestanding hard disk that connects with a cable to a port on the system unit.

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FLASH MEMORY STORAGE Type of memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten. Types are: Memory cards USB flash drives ExpressCard modules Optical Discs

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OPTICAL DISC Many different formats of optical discs exist today. CD-ROM- compact disc read-only memory. Type of optical disc that users can read but not write or erase. (hence, read only) They hold 650 MB to 1 GB of data. CD-R- (compact disc-recordable)- a multisession optical disc on which users can write, but not erase, their own items such as text, graphics, and audio. CD-RW- (compact disc-rewritable)- an erasable multisession disc you can write on multiple times. To write on a CD-RW drive, you must have optical disc burning software and and CD-RW drive. Burning is the process of writing on an optical disc.

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CONTINUED DVD-ROM- a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase. DVDs store movies, music, huge databases, and complex software. Blu-ray Disc- has a higher capacity and better quality than standard DVDs, especially for high-definition audio and video. They have storage capacities of 100 GB, with expectations of exceeding 200 GB in the future.

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CLOUD STORAGE Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides hard disk storage to computer users. Web Site NamesTypes of Storage Provided Box.net, IDrive, SkyDriveBackup iCloudBackup of Apple products Flicker, PicasaDigital photos YouTubeDigital photos FacebookDigital photos, videos, messages Google DocsDocuments, Spreadsheets Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo! MailE-mail messages Amazon EC2Enterprise-level storage

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SKYDRIVE https://bluprd0210.outlook.com/owa/# https://bluprd0210.outlook.com/owa/#