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Intro to Cell Organelles
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Quickflart! 10/11
• What is a good one – sentence definition of a cell?
Introduction to Cells
What is a cell?
…membrane bound structure, it is the smallest unit of life.
Important people who helped discover cells
1) Robert Hooke – looked at cork cells named the 1665structure “cell”
2) Anton von Leeuwenhoeklooked at pond water, was
1st to look at living cells!1700
Microscopes
Only been around for about 250 years.
Several types: Light microscopeElectron microscope
(SEM & TEM)
Light microscope
Euglena under light microscope
Electron Microscope
Euglena under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)
What are the 3 parts to the Cell Theory?
1) All living things are made of at least 1 cell.
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure & function of life.
3) Cells only come from other living cells.
Are there differences between cells?
1) Different shapes
2) Different sizes
3) Different internal organization
Quackstort! 10/15
• Write the three parts of the cell theory. • Use your notes if you can’t remember. • Smile.
• Table of Contents - Write: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Different cell shapes
How is the internal organization different?
Cells are either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic!!
Prokaryote
• No nucleus
• Has DNA & circular chromosome
• No membrane-bound organelles
• Can only be unicellular
• Ex: bacteria
Typical prokaryote
Eukaryote
• Has nucleus • Has DNA & rod shaped chromosomes• Has many membrane-bound
organelles• Can be unicellular or multicellular• Ex: fungus, plants, my dog, Mr. R
Typical Eukaryote (animal cell)
Typical Eukaryote (plant cell)
Microfilament MicrotubuleCytoskeleton{
Mitochondrion
Plasma Membrane
Vesicle
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ChloroplastCell Wall
Central Vacuole
Absent in animal cells {
CELL ORGANELLES
Cell Organelles
Cell organelles are small structures within the cell, each has a specific job.
Not all cells will have every organelle!
Nucleus
The control center
Contains the DNA
Controls all the cell functions
Has a nuclear membrane
Some have a nucleolus inside
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 types: smooth ER (no ribosomes)rough ER (with ribosomes)
Snuggles up to the nucleus
Helps with movement of substances within the cell, Smooth ER also helps make steroids & break down toxins.
ER
Golgi Apparatus
Helps finish proteins and package them for shipment out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosomes
Make proteins.
Can be “floating free” in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER.
Proteins (NOT an organelle)
• Proteins are the building blocks that make up all of the structures in the cell.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes that:
Breaks down old cell parts & some wastes.
Also destroys any invaders (like bacteria)
Mitochondria
Most of the energy cell’s need is made here! (cell respiration)
Changes “food” into energy.
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm = jelly like substance in the cell
Cytoskeleton = made up of microtubules & microfiliments
Both are important for providing structural support in intracellular movement.
Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton
Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Double layer of lipids with carbs & proteins.
Helps maintain cell shape and homeostasis.
Cell membrane
Plant cells
Plant cells have the same organelles & a few new ones!
Plant cells
Chloroplast
…used for photosynthesis
**has its own DNA
Cells in plant leaves have LOTS of chloroplasts!
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Rigid structure, mostly made of cellulose.
Outside of the cell membrane.
Helps support the cells (and plant)
Cell wall
Some other cell parts to be aware of…
1) Cilia – hair-like structures usually help cells move
2) Pili – hair-like structures that help bacteria stick to surfaces and share DNA with other bacteria.
3) Flagella (flagellum) – whip-like tail, helps cell move
3) Vacuoles – hold or store wastes, water, food. Plants usually have 1 large vacuole and many smaller ones, animal cells have small ones.
4) Centrioles – only in animal cells, help with cell division
Cells – general information
Cell size is limited by the ratio of surface area to volume.
Cell with particular functions will have more of some organelles & less of some organelles.