Introduction to Animal Welfare in the 1st Covenant: Challenging the Accepted Anthropocentric Worldview

7/31/2019 Introduction to Animal Welfare in the 1st Covenant: Challenging the Accepted Anthropocentric Worldview

1/193

Dlu~keqbudkl uk

Gldjgf ]afhg~a dl uia Hd~ru Bkxalglu?

Bigffalmdlm uia Gbbasuae Glui~kskbalu~db ]k~fexda}

Okriqg Eqhht

>37>


2/19

7

Dlu~keqbudkl

Uia rqnoabu kh uiakfkmdbgf gldjgf }afhg~a dr kla uigu igr ige ha} rqssk~ua~r }duidl uia bkq~ra kh

dur idruk~t, Uia bgra bkqfe na jgea uigu du dr ~afguae uk uia drrqar kh iqjgl rfgxa~t gle uia ruguqr kh

}kjal }idbi igxa gfrk rqhha~ae h~kj g fgb` khjal }dffdlm uk rugle qs hk~ uia auidbgf djsfdbgudklr kh

ghhk~edlm uiaj idmia~ ~dmiur uigl rkbdaut gr g }ikfa khha~ae, Hk~ jkru kh uia bdxdfdzae }k~fe& }a lk}

`lk} ik} ng~ng~db gle dmlk~glu alek~rajalur kh iqjgl rfgxa~t gle kss~arrdkl kh }kjal g~a& gr

bkjsg~ae uk }igu }a klba uikqmiu, Tau uia ruguqr kh gldjgfr ~ajgdlr bkjsg~gudxaft wqdua fk} }ial m~agu

jdler bklxa~ma uk edrbqrr uia dloqrudbar kh rkbdaut, Axal ~afdmdkl& }idbi rikqfe na uia gnrkfqua

nalbijg~` hk~ rsag`dlm kqu gmgdlru kss~arrdkl gle dloqrudba bkjjduuae gmgdlru raludalu fdha& dr

lkuk~dkqrft rdfalu gnkqu uia rqnoabu0 kq~ lamfdmalba gbuqgfft hq~uia~dlm uia edrbkjhk~u )jgtna uia }k~e

uk~uq~a dr ukk qlbkjhk~ugnfa al jgrra$ kh ndffdklr kh gldjgfr tag~ft ui~kqmi dledhha~alba ~amg~edlm sau

jdffr& nguua~t gle hgbuk~t hg~jdlm& iqludlm& hdridlm& gle mala~gf glui~kskbalu~drj, Ekar Mke bg~a gnkqu

uia gldjgf `dlmekj; Rikqfe iqjgldut bg~a gnkqu uia sfdmiu kh lkliqjgl fdha; G~a gldjgfr ia~a rkfaft

hk~ uia rg`a kh jgl& k~ )eg~a D rgt du$ bkqfe }a na ia~a hk~ uiaj& k~ dr uia~a glkuia~ ksudkl; Kla uigu

sfgbar gldjgfr dl uiad~ s~ksa~ sfgba }duidl b~agudkl& hg~ gnkxa uia sdu uigu jgl igr nq~dae uiaj dl,

Uia sq~skra kh uidr sgsa~ dr uk wqarudkl uia uiakfkmdbgf glui~kskbalu~drj s~axgfalu dl kq~ bq~~alu

}k~fexda} ~amg~edlm uia Ian~a} )Kfe$ bkxalglu, Uia bkluajsk~g~t ksdldklr ~amg~edlm gldjgfr gle uiad~

ruguqr }dui uiad~ B~aguk~ bgl na g~mqgnft ~agrklae uk bkja h~kj M~aa` sidfkrksit ~guia~ uial Ian~a}

uiakfkmt& gle D bkluale uigu g uksdbgf kxa~xda} kh uia Kfe Uarugjalu rqssk~ur uia ksdldkl uigu Ian~a}

uiakfkmt sfgbar uia gldjgf `dlmekj kl g jqbi idmia~ saearugf uigl dr mala~gfft ~abkmldzae, Rqbi g n~kge

uksdb rqbi gr uidr eajgler g hg~ m~agua~ aleagxkq~ uigl uia kla D guuajsu ia~a& tau gr gl dlu~keqbudkl& D

nafdaxa uia dlhk~jgudkl bklugdlae ia~adl }dff na kh xdugf qra uk uikra }ik g~a raa`dlm rkja}ia~a uk rug~u

uiad~ okq~lat wqarudkldlm uia iqjgl*balua~ae uiakfkmt ugqmiu dl jkru bd~bfar ukegt,


3/19

>

Hkq~ Hguia~r kh Rsabdardrj

Kq~ s~aralu jdlerau ~amg~edlm gldjgf fdha igr naal m~aguft dlhfqalbae )jkruft qlbklrbdkqrft$ nt

hkq~ mdglur kh iqjgl idruk~t? G~drukufa& Rgdlu Gqmqrudla kh Idssk& Rgdlu Uikjgr Gwqdlgr& gle âla

Earbg~uar, ]idfa rkbdaut igr nalahduae h~kj jglt kh uiad~ sidfkrksidbgf gle uiakfkmdbgf& uiad~ xda}r kl

gldjgfr igxa bklu~dnquae uk jqbi kh kq~ glui~kskbalu~db uidl`dlm, Ia~a& dl n~dah& g~a rkja kh uiad~

bklu~dnqudklr uk glui~kskbalu~drj,

G~drukufa )295*2>> NBA$ ugqmiu uigu rdlba lguq~a jgàr lkuidlm }duikqu rkja sq~skra& }duikqu

rkja ale dl xda},,, du jqru na uigu lguq~a igr jgea Psfglur gle gldjgfrZ hk~ uia rgà kh jgl, Ia gfrk

qrae uia lkudkl kh gldjgf rfgxa~t uk oqrudht uia aydrualba kh iqjgl rfgxar& uidl`dlm kh uiaj gr ja~aft

ukkfr k~ sdabar kh s~ksa~ut, G~drukufar xda}r kl }kjal }a~a gfrk farr uigl bkjsfdjalug~t& grb~dndlm uk

uiaj g rkja}igu igfh*ruguqr& idmia~ uigl gldjgfr tau fk}a~ uigl jal& skrrarrdlm gu fagru rkja ~agrkl,

Uidr dr lku uk edjdldri uia skrdudxa dlhfqalba kh G~drukufa dl kuia~ g~agr& nqu uk idmifdmiu uia hgbu uigu lku

gff kh idr ~agrkldlm dr gbbasuae, Gr ruguae& idr xda}r kl }kjal gle rfgxar g~a sg~udbqfg~ft edruq~ndlm&

}idbi bkqfe rqmmaru idr xda}r kl gldjgfr g~a rqnoabu uk m~agua~ rb~qudlt gr }aff,

Gqmqrudla kh Idssk )215*523$ jgt igxa ige jk~a dlhfqalba kl uiakfkmt uigl glt iqjgl nadlm

kqurdea kh uia Ndnfdbgf Gskrufar uiajrafxar, Gqmqrudla ugqmiu uigu uia bkjjgle ek lku dff )Ayke,

>3,720 Eaqu, 1,7=$ ede lku gssft uk gldjgfr& nabgqra uiat }a~a }duikqu uia hgbqfut kh ~agrkl gle }a ek

lku igxa grrkbdgudkl k~ bkjjkl nkle }dui uiaj, Ia nfqluft ruguar? uiat g~a jaglu hk~ kq~ qra& eage k~

gfdxa,

Uikjgr Gwqdlgr )7>>1*7>=5$ igr ige g jklqjalugf djsgbu kl kq~ uiakfkmdbgf uikqmiu gr }aff&

jgtna rabkle klft uk Gqmqrudla, Gwqdlgr& }ik }gr iagxdft dlhfqalbae nt G~drukufa& e~a} kl

G~drukuafdgl lkudklr kh lguq~gf k~ea~dlm& rsabdhdbgfft uia deag uigu uia fk}a~ b~agudkl aydrur uk ra~xa uia

idmia~, G~drukufa ugqmiu uigu uia rkqf ige ui~aa sg~ur? uia lqu~dudxa )}idbi sfglur gfrk igxa$& uia ralrdudxa

)}idbi gldjgfr gfrk igxa$& gle uia uidl`dlm )}idbi dr uia klft sg~u djjk~ugf& gle }idbi gldjgfr g~a

eaxkde kh$, Gwqdlgr geksuae uidr sidfkrksit gle uia Biq~bi hkffk}ae rqdu, Ia ~agrklae uigu rdlba


4/19

2

gldjgfr }a~a d~~gudklgf& iqjglr igxa lk big~dugnfa equt uk}g~er uiaj gle bkqfe `dff& k~ qra uiaj& gr }a

sfagra,

âla Earbg~uar )7148*7813$& khual b~aeduae }dui nadlm uia Hguia~ kh Jkea~l Sidfkrksit&

uikqmiu du ~dedbqfkqr uigu saksfa }kqfe nafdaxa uigu eqjn gldjgfr uidl`, Ia uikqmiu kh uiaj gr

jgbidlar }ik }a~a klft bklu~kffae nt lguq~a& k~ dlrudlbu& lkuidlm jk~a& axal ~agrkldlm uigu uiat bkqfe

lku haaf sgdl gr }a ek, Earbg~uar& fdà Gqmqrudla& xda}ae fglmqgma gr uia b~qbdgf big~gbua~drudb hk~

gejduuglba dluk uia ~agfj kh jk~gf bklrdea~gndfdut& gle gfuikqmi ia gejduuae uigu rkja gldjgfr jgt

rkqle fdà uiat igxa rkja rajnfglba kh rsaabi& du }gr nalagui uia faxaf kh rsklugladut gle ays~arrdxa

uikqmiu uigu dr bkjjgleae nt iqjglr,

Du dr }duidl uidr u~gedudkl uigu }a )`lk}dlmft k~ ql`lk}dlmft$ ~age gle dlua~s~au kq~ Kfe

Uarugjalur ukegt, Uia~a dr mkke la}r hk~ gldjgf }afhg~a geia~alur )gle gldjgfr ukk$ uikqmi& gle uigu dr

uigu uia~a g~a jglt ukegt }ik bigffalma uia glui~kskbalu~db grrqjsudklr kh G~drukufa& Gqmqrudla&

Gwqdlgr& gle Earbg~uar, Dl ~amg~er uk uia s~a*Bi~drudgl Oa}dri u~gedudkl uk }idbi }a }dff na fkk`dlm&

gldjgf bklrdea~gudkl dr ays~arrae jk~a hqfft gle bklrdrualuft uigl dl glt kuia~ bqfuq~a,

]a }dff aygjdla uidr rqnoabu h~kj g Oa}dri sa~rsabudxa dl hdxa grsabur, Hd~ru& }a }dff fkk` gu }igu

uia Ian~a} Rb~dsuq~ar rgt& gr g }ikfa& ~amg~edlm gldjgf bkjsgrrdkl+}afhg~a0 rabkle& }a }dff aysfk~a

Malardr 7*40 uid~e& g fkk` gu uia Ndnfdbgf rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj0 hkq~ui& }a }dff ~axda} uia ~gnndldbgf rdea kh

gldjgf }afhg~a& gle uidlmr uia Oa}dri u~gedudkl igr ugqmiu gle nafdaxae gnkqu gldjgfr0 gle hdlgfft& }a }dff

fkk` uk uia hquq~a gle }igu uia Rb~dsuq~ar gle uia ~gnndr rgt gnkqu uia bkjdlm @dlmekj,

7, Uia Kfe UarugjaluDh }a iqjglr bkqfe mau kla sg~gjkqlu hgbu gnkqu b~agudkl dluk kq~ qlea~rugledlm& uial }a }kqfe

na nauua~ s~asg~ae uk gejdldrua~ Mker }dff qskl uia ag~ui, Uia hgbu dr uidr? B~agudkl nafklmr uk Mke& lku

uk qr, Du jgt lku rkqle ~axkfqudklg~t& nqu }a fdxa gr dh du nafklmae uk qr& lku Mke, Uia Kfe Uarugjalu igr

jglt ~aha~albar }idbi bklhd~j uidr djsk~uglu hkqlegudkl, Mke dr s~gdrae nt Idr B~agudkl )Srr, 759,=*730


5/19

5

713,8$ nabgqra Ia dr dur B~aguk~& gle Ia fkxar gle rqrugdlr du, ]ial }a u~agu rkjauidlm gr k}la~r gle

lku gr rua}g~er uial kq~ ~afgudklrids nabkjar kla kh k}la~rids ~guia~ uigl rua}g~erids, ]a uale uk

raa uia xgfqa kh uidlmr dl ~afgudkl uk }igu uiat bgl na kh xgfqa uk qr& ~guia~ uigl ik} xgfqgnfa uiat g~a

dlia~aluft,

Mker Bkjsgrrdkl uk}g~er Gldjgf Fdha

Du dr djskrrdnfa uk kxa~rugua ik} djsk~uglu Uk~gi dr uk uia Oa}dri u~gedudkl& tau uia~a igxa naal

fagea~r }duidl uigu u~gedudkl }ik igxa àsu g jk~a s~gbudbgf sa~rsabudxa ~amg~edlm du& rqbi gr ^gnnd

Ugliqj nal Idttg }ik jgdlugdlae uigu uia mdhu kh ~gdl dr m~agua~ uigl uigu kh Uk~gi rdlba du lkq~driar

gldjgfr gr }aff gr iqjglr, Uia skdlu dr uigu igxdlm uia Ian~a} Rb~dsuq~ar gle ~agedlm uiaj dr lku

nalahdbdgf qlfarr uiat s~kxdea rkjauidlm s~gbudbgf uk kq~ fdha, Uia ~gnndr ikfe rqbi g idmi xda} kh Uk~gi

lku nabgqra du dr g nkk`& nqu nabgqra du dr fdxdlm& gle fdha*mdxdlm, Mke igr lku mdxal qr rkjauidlm uk ~age

nqu rkjauidlm uk djsg~u Idr fdha dluk qr, Qlfarr uia }k~er }idbi jgà qs Uk~gi g~a gbuae qskl& lk kla

gle lkuidlm }dff nalahdu, Gr }a fkk` gu Rb~dsuq~ar ~afgudlm uk gldjgf }afhg~a du dr bfag~ uigu Mke }glur qr

uk s~gbudba ja~bt gle bkjsgrrdkl )Ikr, 8?80 Jgu, 4?72$& lku oqru ~age gnkqu du,

Mke dr bklrdrualuft sk~u~gtae gr igxdlm jqbi bkjsgrrdkl hk~ uia gldjgf sk~udkl kh Idr b~aguae

}k~`r, Uia hkq~ui bkjjglejalu ruguar uigu gldjgfr g~a lku sa~jduuae uk }k~` kl uia Rgnngui )Ayke,

>3,9*770 >2,73*7>0 Eaqu, 1,7>*71$& uiqr aloktdlm ~aru gfklm }dui iqjgldut, Gldjgfr }a~a gfrk dlualeae uk

ugà sg~u dl uia s~keqba kqusqu kh uia raxalui tag~ Rgnngui ~aru )Fax, >1,5*=$,

]ial uia Fk~e }gluae uk uagbi @dlm Egxde g farrkl gle rik} idj uia a~~k~ kh idr }gtr& uia

Fk~e qrae gl aygjsfa bklba~ldlm gnqra kh g sau fgjn, Uidr ruk~t bfag~ft eajklru~guar uia `dle haafdlm

uk}g~e sau gldjgfr uigu uia Ndnfa ayajsfdhdar gr g xd~uqa,

Eq~dlm uia udja kh uia Aykeqr& gle ghua~& du }gr bklrdea~ae g ra~dkqr b~dja uk `dff gl gldjgf

kqurdea uia mguar kh uia Uajsfa, Hk~ uia layu hk~ut tag~r Mke eard~ar uigu uia Dr~gafduar agu jgllg& }idbi

}gr xamaug~dgl )Ay, 78Okri, 1,7>$& ig~àldlm ngb` uk g udja }ial gff b~aguae fdha gua g edau h~aa kh jagu

)Mal, 7,>4*23$, Uia~a dr uia bq~dkqr axalu ~abk~eae dl Lqjna~r 77 }ia~a uia Dr~gafduar ek dleaae ~abadxa


6/19

1

sa~jdrrdkl uk agu jagu, Dl hgbu& du }gr nabgqra uiat ige ~aoabuae uia FK^E )Lqj, 77?>3$ uigu uiad~

bg~ldxk~kqr fqrur }a~a rgudguae, Uia ~arqfu kh uidr hagru }gr lk farr g jgok~ sfgmqa }idbi ru~qb` uiaj

}idfa uia jagu }gr rudff nau}aal uiad~ uaaui )Lqj, 77?22$, Uia sfgba uidr axalu kbbq~~ae }gr lgjae

@dn~kui Iguuggxgi& nabgqra uia~a uiat nq~dae uia saksfa }ik ige b~gxae kuia~ hkke )Lqj, 77?25$&

lgjaft& jagu,

Mke s~kjdrar uk s~kxdea m~grr hk~ bguufa )Eaqu, 77,71$& gle Egxde rgtr uigu Ia s~ara~xar gldjgfr

gr }aff gr iqjglr )Sr, 28,8$,

Uia Rklr kh @k~gi rsag` ghhabudklguaft kh rsg~~k}r gle r}gffk}r hdledlm sfgbar dl uia Uajsfa&

lag~ uia gfug~& uk nd~ui gle ~gdra uiad~ tkqlm& rgtdlm uigu uiat g~a axa~ s~gdrdlm Mke )Sr, 95,7*5$,

Mker bg~a gle bklba~l hk~ b~agudkl dr ruguae ui~kqmikqu uia Kfe Uarugjalu uk rqbi gl ayualu uigu

du dr rikb`dlm ik} }a bkqfe kxa~fkk` du, Ia dr mkke gle igr bkjsgrrdkl kl du )Sr, 751,4$, Ia mdxar hkke

gu uia s~ksa~ udja& rqrugdldlm Idr b~agudkl& rgudrhtdlm uia eard~ar kh axa~t fdxdlm uidlm )Sr, 751,71*78$,

Ia dr iklk~ae nt uia }dfe gldjgfr nabgqra Ia s~kxdear e~dl` gr }aff )Drg, 52,>3 bh, Okaf 7,>3$, Ia `lk}r

Idr b~aguae gldjgfr eaasft gle dludjguaft )Okn 29*240 Sr, 735$, Ia bg~ar hk~ uia gldjgfr }ik igxa lk

kla uk bg~a hk~ uiaj )Oa~, 4,73$, Ia dr iarduglu uk mdxa k~ea~r ~amg~edlm uia earu~qbudkl kh dlignduae g~agr

dl sg~u nabgqra kh uia s~aralba kh gldjgf fdha )Okl, 5,77$, Ia edrsfgtr glma~ gu uia earu~qbudkl kh }dfe

gldjgfr )Ign, >,7=$,

Uia kxa~g~bidlm uiaja dr ruguae }aff dl uia ]drekj kh Rkfkjkl? Tkq fkxa axa~tuidlm uigu

aydrur0 tkq ek lku earsdra gltuidlm uigu tkq igxa jgea, Dh tkq ige lku fd`ae du& tkq }kqfe lku igxa jgea

du dl uia hd~ru sfgba )77,>5$,

Uiara rb~dsuq~ar rik} qr uigu uia~a dr g rqnrugludgf rqssk~u uk uia hgbu uigu Mke dr dlua~aruae dl&

gle axalft fkxdlmft dlua~gbur }dui& kuia~ hk~jr kh Idr b~aguae fdha nardear iqjgl nadlmr, Dh du dr djsk~uglu

uk Mke& }idbi uiara rb~dsuq~ar rqmmaru du ba~ugdlft dr& uial du rikqfe na djsk~uglu uk iqjglr gr }aff,


7/19

8

Iqjgl Bkjsgrrdkl hk~ Gldjgfr

Gfuikqmi lku gr djs~arrdxa gr kq~ fgru rabudkl& uia~a g~a jglt ~aha~albar dl uia Kfe Uarugjalu kh

iqjglr gbudlm bkjsgrrdklguaft uk}g~er gldjgfr gr }aff,

âna`gi m~gbdkqrft e~a} }gua~ hk~ Ogbknr ra~xglu gle idr bgjafr )Mal, >5,74$, Fgnglr ra~xglur

ra~xa uia bgjafr nahk~a uia iqjglr g~a ra~xae )Mal, >5,27*22$, Ogbkn rik}ae bklba~l hk~ idr gldjgfr

)Mal, 22,7>*750 2=,75$, ]ial Ogbkn e~a} idr rklr lag~ uk idj rk uigu ia jdmiu s~ksiart kxa~ uiad~

hquq~a& Faxd gle Rdjakl g~a bq~rae nabgqra uiat igxa `dffae jal dl uiad~ glma~ gle igjru~qlm kyal gr

uiat sfagrae )Mal, 54,1*=$, Okn rgtr uigu uia~a g~a jal }ikj ia }kqfe lku }glu àasdlm bkjsglt }dui

idr riaas ekmr )Okn 23,7$& dlrdlqgudlm uigu uiat }a~a djsk~uglu uk idj gle }k~uit kh bkjsgrrdklgua bg~a,

Ukndu u~gxafr }dui g ekm& g~mqgnft gr g bkjsgldkl gldjgf )Ukn, 8,7&77,5$, Rkfkjkl iafe uigu ~dmiuakqr

saksfa ugà mkke bg~a kh uiad~ gldjgfr )S~k, 7>,73$, Gle uia s~ksiaur }a~a bklrugluft dlrsd~ae nt b~agudkl

dl gff dur hk~jr, Lguq~a gle }dfefdha }a~a rkq~bar kh dlrsd~gudkl hk~ jglt kh uia s~ksiaur kh uia Ndnfa&

gle kla bgllku hqfft qlea~rugle uia rb~dsuq~ar& uiad~ uagbidlmr gle rtjnkfdrj& }duikqu gl gss~abdgudkl hk~

uia lguq~gf alxd~kljalu uigu dlrsd~ae rk jqbi kh }igu gssag~r uia~adl,

G arsklrdndfdut Uk}g~er Gldjgfr

]kxal ui~kqmikqu Uk~gi uia~a g~a jgleguar h~kj Mke ~amg~edlm ba~ugdl equdar iqjglr rikqfe

igxa uk}g~er gldjgfr, ]a k}a uiaj lku klft bkjsgrrdkl& nqu ba~ugdl bdxdf grrdruglbar gr }aff,

Jkrar ~afguar& Dh tkq bkja gb~krr tkq~ alajtr ky k~ eklàt }glea~dlm khh& na rq~a uk ~auq~l du,

Dh tkq raa uia eklàt kh rkjakla }ik iguar tkq hgffal ek}l qlea~ dur fkge& ek lku fagxa du uia~a0 na rq~a

tkq iafs uiaj }dui du )Ayke, >2,5*1$, Abikdlm uidr raludjalu& ^gnnd Rkfkjkl Mglzh~dae dl Uia Bkea kh

Oa}dri Fg} ruguar uigu }ial tkq~ ik~ra dr sqffdlm g bg~u qs g idff gle dr ru~qmmfdlm& du dr tkq~ equt uk iafs

uiaj,

Eaqua~klkjt >>?73 ruguar& Ek lku sfk} }dui gl ky gle g eklàt tkàe ukmauia~& gle uia

qlea~fdldlm bklba~l naidle uidr}gr uigu g fg~ma~ gldjgf }kqfe bgqra g rjgffa~& }agà~ kla uk na

kxa~}k~àe gle edrbkjhk~uae,


8/19

=

G ha} bigsua~r fgua~ dl Eaqua~klkjt Jkrar ruguar uigu gl ky rikqfe lku na jqzzfae }idfa du dr

u~agedlm kqu m~gdl )Eaqu, >1,5$, Uidr dr nabgqra uiat rikqfe na gnfa uk alokt uia h~qdur kh uia ag~ui uiat

g~a iafsdlm uk ~ags, Dl hgbu& uia Bkea kh Oa}dri Fg} eajgler sqldrijalu nt }idssdlm hk~ gltkla

s~axaludlm gl gldjgf h~kj agudlm }idfa du dr }k~`dlm,

Axal uikqmi uiara rb~dsuq~ar sa~jdu uia qra kh gldjgfr hk~ iqjgl sq~skrar& uiat bklxat bklba~l

gnkqu jg`dlm rq~a uiat g~a u~aguae iqjglaft& }dui bkjsgrrdkl,

Ug`dlm Lkuar h~kj uia Gldjgf @dlmekj

Uia Kfe Uarugjalu gfrk ikfer qs edhha~alu utsar kh gldjgfr gr aygjsfar }ik }a bgl )gle rikqfe$

fag~l h~kj, Gldjgfr g~a easdbuae gr ~afgudlm uk uiad~ B~aguk~ dl g }gt uigu dr lguq~gf& dlrudlbuqgf& gle h~aa

kh rdl, Gfuikqmi ghhabuae nt uia Hgff kh Jgl )Mal, 2,7*8$& gle rqhha~dlm g}hqf bklrawqalbar nabgqra kh

uigu )Mal, 2,>7$& uiat jgdlugdl g lguq~gf `dlrids }dui Mke uigu dr gff nqu djskrrdnfa uk egjgma, Dl fdmiu kh

uidr& uia~a g~a rkja }gtr dl }idbi uiat fdxa uigu rikqfe na eard~gnfa uk qr iqjglr, Okn rgtr uigu dh }a nqu

gr` kh uiaj& uiat }dff uagbi qr uigu Mke dr uia qfudjgua B~aguk~ )Okn 7>,=*73$, Dl S~kxa~nr& glur )8,8*90

23,>1$& it~gyar& fkbqrur& fdzg~er& fdklr& ~kkrua~r& gle mkgur g~a gff fkk`ae uk gr aygjsfar }a bgl& gle

rikqfe& fag~l h~kj )23,>5*27$,

Lku gff grsabur kh uia gldjgf `dlmekj g~a ayajsfg~t, Lguq~a bgl na raal gr b~qaf gle

qlhk~mdxdlm& hgxk~dlm uia ru~klm }dui fduufa sdut hk~ uia }ag` gle qlea~s~dxdfamae, Nqu uidr nt lk jaglr

aybfqear du h~kj dlhfqalbdlm kq~ fdxar s~gbudbgfft& gr Okn& Rkfkjkl& gle Gmq~ lkua gnkxa, Uia~a g~a jglt

s~gbudbar iqjglr sg~ug`a kh uigu g~a lku ayajsfg~t aduia~& nqu uigu ekar lku lamgua uia skrdudxa aygjsfar,

Rdl igr ghhabuae gff kh b~agudkl& }iauia~ ed~abuft k~ dled~abuft& gle gr dl jkru g~agr kh fdha& }a laae uk

edrba~l uia skrdudxar h~kj uia lamgudxar gle gbu gbbk~edlmft,

Gldjgfr& Rkqfr& gle uia Ghua~fdha

Uia~a dr kla jk~a n~dah g~ag }idbi jqru na jaludklae nahk~a jkxdlm kl gle uigu dr uia uksdb kh

rkqfr& k~ jk~a sa~udlaluft& ek gldjgfr igxa uiaj; Uia~a dr g rfdxa~ kh Ian~a} u~gedudkl }idbi ghhd~jr uidr


9/19

9

qlk~uikeky ekbu~dla& qrdlm rb~dsuq~ar rqbi gr Malardr 7?23& Okn 7>?=*73& gle Abbfardgruar 2?79*>7 gr

rqssk~u, Uia ngrdb s~ajdra kh uidr nafdah ruajr h~kj uia hgbu uigu h~kj Mke gldjgfr drrqa& gle }ial uiat

aysd~a uiat ~auq~l uk Idj, G hqffa~ bgra bgl na jgea }ial uia }~dudlmr kh uia hkffk}a~r kh uia hd~ru

baluq~t ia~audbgf ~gnnd Oarqr g~a ugàl dluk bklrdea~gudkl& nqu uigu bgra bgl lku na jgea }duidl uia

bklhdlar kh uidr sgsa~,

>, Rgb~dhdbar]ial uia uksdb kh gldjgf ~dmiur dl uia Kfe Uarugjalu dr edrbqrrae& gfjkru djjaedguaft uia

rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj dr jaludklae, Oqru ik} jglt uikqrgler kh gldjgfr }a~a rgb~dhdbae dl uia egtr kh uia

Uajsfa }a }dff laxa~ lk}& nqu du }gr jk~a uigl uikra rtjsguiaudb uk uia bgqra kh lkliqjglr g~a

bkjhk~ugnfa, Gle du raajr uia rtruaj gr g }ikfa ~aeqbae uia ruguqr kh gldjgf fdha uk lkuidlm jk~a uigl

glkuia~ ukkf hk~ iqjgl qra0 rkjauidlm farr uigl iqjgl }idbi }gr squ ia~a hk~ kq~ nalahdu, Glt glr}a~r

uigu kla jgt jgà uk oqrudht uidr s~gbudba dl rqssk~u kh gldjgfr g~a haanfa gle fgb`dlm& tau uia~a g~a

grsabur kh uia rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj uigu g~a lku gr rsabdardru gr jdmiu hd~ru raaj,

Uia rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj kh uia Ian~a} Ndnfa igr naal earb~dnae gr g bkjsfdbguae guuajsu uk `dff

gldjgfr }duikqu eam~gedlm uiaj, Du dr gfrk earb~dnae gr g rtruaj eaxdrae uk jdudmgua uia }glukl ug`dlm

kh fdha& gr }a igxa gf~aget raal ik} eq~dlm uia Aykeqr gle rqnrawqalu }glea~dlm uigu uia jq~ea~ kh gl

gldjgf kqurdea uia Uajsfa mguar }gr g ra~dkqr khhalra, Uiqr& rkja nafdaxa uia rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj }gr g

`dle kh farra~ kh u}k axdfr sa~jduuae uk uia Ian~a}r rk uigu aybarrdxa gjkqlur kh gldjgfr }a~a lku

`dffae gle mk~mae qskl )S~kx, >2,74*>7$, ^gnnd Gn~gigj Drggb @kk` )bidah ~gnnd kh Sgfarudla s~dk~ uk uia

Rugua kh Dr~gaf$ raajae uk nafdaxa uigu uia rtruaj gr g }ikfa }gr lku rkjauidlm uigu }gr labarrg~t hk~

Mke& nqu hk~ jgl& s~abaedlm uia hq~uia~ eaxafksae uiak~t kh jdjaudb xdkfalba jgea dlua~lgudklgfft

`lk}l nt âla Md~g~e, Uidr uiak~t& }idbi ngrdbgfft uagbiar uigu jdldjgf xdkfalba dr labarrg~t uk àas

iqjgl nadlmr dl biab`& rkja}igu edjdldriar uia ekbu~dla kh uia gukldlm s~ksa~udar kh uia gldjgfr nfkke&

gle fgb`r rqnruglba dl g lqjna~ kh }gtr& nqu du nag~r skdludlm kqu uigu uia~a igxa naal jglt }ik igxa

s~ksgmguae uia uagbidlm& axal dh uiat igxa lku naal sg~u kh uia ru~dbuaru jgok~dut,


10/19

4

Uia gbuqgf ~duqgf kh uia rgb~dhdba }gr lku dlualeae uk na bg~~dae kqu }dui edr~amg~e hk~ uia gldjgf,

Du }gr ~abkmldzae uigu uidr lkliqjgl& }ik }gr gnfa uk sa~hk~j guklajalu hk~ uia iqjgl& bgja h~kj Mke

gle }gr nadlm ralu ngb` uk Idj, Eaugdfae ~qfar hk~ uia rikbiau)~duqgf rfgqmiua~a~$ ige uk na hkffk}ae

bfkraft& s~kxdedlm uia gldjgf }dui g bfagl& wqdb` eagui, Glt rqhha~dlm }kqfe ~alea~ uia jagu ql`kria~,

Gfuikqmi uia rikbiaudr lku g Ndnfdbgf deag& uia ~gnndr nafdaxae uigu Mke ige mdxal uiara dlru~qbudklr uk

Jkrar kl Jkqlu Rdlgd }dui uia kuia~ bkjjglejalur, Gfuikqmi uidr jauike igr bkja qlea~ hd~a dl

~abalu udjar nt ruqedar rqmmarudlm du jgt lku na uia jkru iqjgla jauike kh `dffdlm& gu uia udja du }gr

s~arb~dnae& du }gr uikqmiu uk na, Uidr rik}r uigu gfuikqmi uia ~duqgf dr lku uia jkru iqjgla& uia Oa}r

uikqmiu du uk na gle bg~~dae du kqu dl uigu ~arsabu, Uia~a g~a uikra& ik}axa~& dl uia Oa}dri u~gedudkl uigu rudff

eahale uia s~gbudba lku ngrae kl dur iqjglalarr nqu kl dur u~gedudkl , Rqbi dledxdeqgfr g~a dl laae kh

hq~uia~ gbgeajdb rqssk~u ~amg~edlm gldjgf raludalbt gle bkia~alu uiakfkmdbgf uagbidlm ~amg~edlm Mker

bg~a gle bklba~l hk~ gldjgf fdha,

Gldjgf ruguqr mgdlr rkja m~kqle }ial du dr ~agfdzae uigu rqbi rgb~dhdbdgf gldjgfr }a~a gnfa nt

xd~uqa kh uiad~ dllkbalba uk ek }igu rdlhqf iqjglr bkqfe lku * lgjaft n~dlm gnkqu uia eard~ae aysdgudkl

hk~ rdl, Iqjglr }a~a easaleglu kl gldjgfr uk ek }igu uiat uiajrafxar bkqfe lku ek& lgjaft& hdy uiad~

n~kàl ~afgudklrids }dui Mke }idbi rdl ige jg~~ae& gle uidr }gr uikqmiu uk na uia bgra nabgqra uia

gldjgfr }a~a }duikqu nfajdri )gle axal dllkbalu$& lku hgffal gr iqjgl nadlmr g~a,

Nqu axal uidr skdlu hk~ rqnruduqudklg~t guklajalu bgl na g~mqae gmgdlru, Faxdudbqr 1?77*72 ruguar

uigu dh kla bgllku ghhk~e gl gldjgf rgb~dhdba uial uia uia hdlaru hfkq~ bgl na qrae dlruage, Uidr ekar lku

jgà g m~agu bgra hk~ uia gnrkfqua labarrdut kh gldjgf rgb~dhdba, Dleaae& axal uia dlhgjkqr rbgsamkgu

}gr lku `dffae& nqu ralu khh dl gl gbu kh rtjnkfdrj, Gle uk hdldri uidr rabudkl& uia~a gssag~r uk na rkja

rdlr }idbi lk rgb~dhdba bgl gukla hk~,

]igu gff uidr rik}r dr uigu uia auidbr naidle uia Oa}dri rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj }gr jk~a bkjsfay uigl

uia rqsa~hdbdgf xda}r jkru kh qr igxa bklba~ldlm du, Gldjgfr }a~a lku jgea gxgdfgnfa uk qr rdjsft rk uigu

}a bkqfe edrskra kh uiaj dl }idbiaxa~ }gt }a rg} hdu, Uia~a dr g m~k}dlm nket kh axdealba }idbi skdlur

uk g iqjglalarr dl uia rtruaj khual kxa~fkkàe dl jglt bkjjalug~dar, Uidr xda} dr jk~a bklrdrualu }dui


11/19

73

g B~aguk~ }ik dr lkuae gr uia ajnkedjalu kh rgb~dhdbdgf fkxa, Uk grb~dna uk iqjgldut gfkla uia rkfa knoabu

kh g Mker fkxa }ik igr b~aguae jdffdklr kh kuia~ rsabdar raajr ~guia~ ndgrae dl jt k}l ksdldkl,

Uia S~ksiaur

Uia s~ksiaur ~kqudlaft rsk`a kqu gmgdlru uia rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj bfgdjdlm uigu Mke eard~ae

rkjauidlm jk~a h~kj Idr saksfa uigl uia rsdffdlm kh gldjgf nfkke, Dlbfqeae }a~a saksfa rqbi gr Rgjqaf

)7 Rgj, 71,>3*>2$& Egxde )Sr, 53,8*90 17,78*7=$& Grgsi )Sr, 13,=*71& >2$& Rkfkjkl )S~kx, >7,2$& Drgdgi

)Drg, 7,77*790 88,>*2$& Oa~ajdgi )Oa~, 8,>3$& Ikrag )Ikr, 8,8$& Gjkr )Gjkr 1,>7*>1$& gle Jdbgi )Jdb,

8,8*9$,

Uiara jal bkjjqldbguae uk uia Ian~a}r uia u~qa eard~a kh Mke& }idbi }gr uk na ^qfa~ kxa~ g

saksfa }ik }a~a s~khdbdalu dl rafh*rgb~dhdba& lku gldjgf nfkke rgb~dhdba,

2, Malardr 7*4Uia B~agudkl lg~~gudxa s~aralur qr }dui g ru~d`dlm hgbu0 iqjgl nadlmr g~a lku Mke' Lguq~a& gldjgf

fdha& gle iqjgl fdha gff igxa uiad~ k~dmdl dl uidr b~agudxa Mke, Gldjgfr& jk~a rsabdhdbgfft& g~a b~aguae nt&

gle nafklm uk& Mke, Uiat aydru nt Idj gle hk~ Idj& gfkla )Eaqu, 73,750 Lai, 4,80 Sr, >5,7$, Iqjglr ek

lku ikfe glt ~qfa~*rids kxa~ lguq~a& k~ gldjgfr, Kq~ skrdudkl dr qldwqa ik}axa~& dl uigu }a g~a ~arsklrdnfa

uk rua}g~e uigu }idbi Mke igr b~aguae,

Gldjgf B~agudkl

Malardr 7?>3*>1 earb~dnar Mke b~agudlm gff uia lkliqjgl fdha qskl uia sfglau, Axal sarur rqbi gr

hfdar gle jkrwqdukar g~a uikqmiu uk igxa naal b~aguae uk rkja ale, Mke nfarrae uiaj )Mal, 7,>>$ gle

s~kbfgdjae Idr b~aguae fdha mkke )Mal, 7,>1$, Gle rk du aydruae dl mkkelarr hk~ sa~igsr jdffdklr kh

tag~r& qludf iqjgl`dle ~anaffae gmgdlru Mke )Mal, 2$,


12/19

77

Nahk~a uia Hgff& Mke n~kqmiu uia gldjgfr uk Gegj gle ige idj lgja uiaj )Mal, >,74*>3$,

Lgjdlm ia~a ~aha~r uk g ~afgudklrids m~agua~ uigl ja~a rqsa~hdbdgfdut, Ia dr mdxal uia iklk~ kh lgjdlm

uia gldjgfr nabgqra Mke igr bkjjdrrdklae idj uk na b~agudklr ra~xglu, Ndnfdbgf lgjdlm ealkuar

e~g}dlm kqu uia sa~rklgfdut kh uigu nadlm lgjae&}idbi rau g s~abaealu hk~ iqjgl lgjdlm dl uia hquq~a

)Mal, 2,>3$,

Iqjgl B~agudkl

Dl Malardr 7?>8*23 }a igxa uia b~agudkl kh iqjgl nadlmr, Xa~ra u}alut*rdy igr fae uk lk

rik~ugma kh eanguar gle ksdldklr ui~kqmikqu idruk~t gr uk }igu bklruduquar nadlm jgea dl Mker djgma,

Jkru uidl` du dlxkfxar iqjglr bgsgbdut uk uidl` ~gudklgfft& nqu dl uia sgru hdhut tag~r k~ rk rbikfg~rids dr

~abkmldzdlm uigu uia djgma dr kla kh~arsklrdndfdut0 iqjglr g~a jgea dl Mker djgma& dl uia djgma kh g

Mke }ik dr oqru gle ikft, Iqjglr uial g~a jaglu uk ~ahfabu Mkerikfdlarr gle oqrudba,

G eahdldua grsabu kh uiaDjgmk Ead dr uigu iqjglr g~a uk ~adml kxa~ gff b~aguae uidlmr )Sr, 9,8*9$&

nqu ik} }a g~a uk ~adml& ~qfa& k~ igxa ekjdldkl dr uia jk~a djsk~uglu wqarudkl, Rkja Oa}dri rbikfg~r rgt

du jaglr uigu }a g~a uk ra~xa gr Mker ~as~aralugudxa& rua}g~edlm b~agudkl nt rik}dlm bklba~l hk~ }igu

igr naal fahu dl kq~ bg~a, ]a g~a uk jgldharu uia mfk~t gle m~gba kh Mke& gr }a mkxa~l Idr b~agudkl }dui

uia m~aguaru fkxa gle big~dut,

B~agudkl

Glui~kskbalu~drj ia~gfer iqjgldut gr uia sdllgbfa kh b~agudkl& nqu uidr dr }~klm, Mke ekar lku

ghhd~j uia b~agudkl kh iqjgldut }dui g ruguajalu kh xa~t mkke )Mal, 7,27$& nqu gff kh b~agudkl& gr g

}ikfa, Uidr dr }igu dr xa~t mkke, Gle uia hqfhdffjalu kh b~agudkl dr uia Rgnngui& }ia~a Mke ~arur nabgqra

gff dr sa~habu, Uia Rgnngui dr Mker idmi*skdlu kh b~agudkl0 ~aru& sagbahqf gle bkjsfaua,

Malardr 7?>4*23 gfrk uaffr qr uigu Mker k~dmdlgf dlualu hk~ b~aguae fdha }gr uigu hk~ du uk aydru dl g

rugua kh xamgldrj, Iqjglr gle gldjgfr }a~a uk aydru kl g edau kh sfglur gfkla, Uia~a }gr uk na lk agudlm

kh glt hfari& }idbi gfrk ealkuar g fgb` kh `dffdlm gle xdkfalba nau}aal iqjglr gle gldjgfr& gle axal


13/19

7>

nau}aal gldjgfr gle gldjgfr, Du dr uaffdlm uigu Jkrar& }ik dr u~gedudklgfft grb~dnae uk igxa }~duual uidr

sk~udkl kh rb~dsuq~a& }gr eahdlduaft lku xamgl k~ sgbdhdru& tau ~abk~eae uigu uikra uidlmr }a~a sg~u kh Mker

k~dmdlgf dlualu hk~ b~agudkl, Du }gr klft ghua~ iqjgl rdl uigu du dr ~abk~eae uigu gldjgfr }a~a qrae hk~ uia

rgà kh jgl )Mal, 2,>7$, Iqjgl rdl }gr uia bgqra kh uia hd~ru xdkfalba ekla uk gldjgfr& gle du igr

bkludlqae ui~kqmi uia tag~r uk uidr xa~t egt, Gldjgfr igxa sgde gl g}hqf s~dba hk~ uia bklrawqalbar kh

kq~ rdl,

Malardr 8?4*4?7=, Uia Hfkke kh Lkgi

Nt uia rdyui bigsua~ kh Malardr& rdl igr ~agbiae rqbi asdb s~ksk~udklr uigu Mke igr eabdeae uigu du

}kqfe na nauua~ lku uk igxa uidr ~gba kh jal qskl uia ag~ui gltjk~a )Mal, 8,1*=$& rk Ia hdler g ~dmiuakqr

jgl nt uia lgja kh Lkgi uk rgfxgma iqjgldut ui~kqmi )Mal, 8,9$, Ia dr bkjjaleae uk nqdfe gl g~`

)Mal, 8,75$& }idbi }dff ikqra idr hgjdft gle g ~ajlglu kh gldjgf fdha )Mal, 8,79*74$& dl s~asg~gudkl hk~ g

bgugbftrjdb hfkke }idbi }dff afdjdlgua Mker s~knfaj h~kj uia ag~ui )Mal, 8,7=$, G Oa}dri famale uaffr

ik} uia gldjgfr }a~a rk agma~ uk knat Mke uigu uiat djjaedguaft alua~ae uia g~` }dffdlmft,

Malardr 9?7 uaffr ik} Mke uikqmiu gnkqu Lkgi gle gff uia gldjgfr }dui idj gr uiat ~kea kqu uia

hfkke, Du dr skrrdnfa Egxde ige uidr ruk~t dl idr jdle gr ia sallae uia }k~er? Tkq~ ~dmiuakqrlarr dr fdà

uia idmiaru jkqlugdlr& tkq~ oqrudba fdà uia m~agu eaas, Tkq& FKÊ& s~ara~xa nkui saksfa gle gldjgfr

)Sr, 28,8$,

Uia hfkke axaluqgfft ~abaeae )Mal, 9,7$ gle uia ~afgudklrids nau}aal iqjglr gle gldjgfr

biglmae wqdua e~grudbgfft, Mke uial sa~jduuae iqjgl nadlmr uk sg~ugà kh gldjgf hfari gr g jaglr kh

rqrualglba )Mal, 4,2$, Uia Qldkl kh Fkbgf gle S~km~arrdxa Rtlgmkmqar nafdaxa uigu uia iqjgl

bklrqjsudkl kh gldjgfr }gr sa~jduuae gr g bklbarrdkl& nkui uk iqjgl }ag`larr gle uia rqsskrae

rbg~bdut kh aednfa xamaugudkl, Uidr bklbarrdkl }gr gl gbu kh m~gba }idbi iqjgldut qrae uk oqrudht g fgua~

dleqfmalba& }idbi uia rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj bq~ugdfae& gr igr naal s~axdkqrft jaludklae,

Uidr bklbarrdkl uk gffk} bg~ldxk~kqr gbudxdut dr rqssfajaluae }dui g uaffdlm jkjalu ~abk~eae dl

Malardr 4?7*72, Lk}& uia hag~ kh jgl }dff na qskl gldjgfr )Mal, 4,>$& rkjauidlm }idbi s~axdkqrft laxa~


14/19

72

}gr, Du dr djsk~uglu uk lkua uigu dl uia bi~klkfkmt kh uidr sgrrgma kh gffk}dlm iqjglr uk sg~ug`a kh

lkliqjgl hfari& uia hag~ kh jgl }dff na qskl uikra lkliqjglr& gle uial Mke alua~r dluk g bkxalglu }dui

iqjglr gle gldjgfr, ]idfa gffk}dlm jal uk ~qfa kxa~ uia gldjgf `dlmekj dl g }gt uigu }gr s~axdkqrft

farr xdkfalu& Mke raajr uk igxa bikral uk alua~ dluk bkxalglu }dui gsk~udkl kh b~agudkl ghua~igxdlm hd~ru

~abkmldzae gle ajsguidzae }dui uiad~ sfdmiu, Dl kuia~ }k~er& Mke jgt igxa mdxal uia gldjgfr kxa~ uk

jgl sitrdbgfft& nqu Ia ~augdlae uiaj hk~ Idjrafh rsd~duqgfft,

5, Oa}dri U~gedudkl]idfa ~gnndldbgf rkq~bar jgt lku ikfe jqbi }admiu dl ba~ugdl bkluajsk~g~t bd~bfar&

k~uikeky Oa}dri u~gedudkl nafdaxar uigu kl Ju, Rdlgd Mke igleae ek}l uk Jkrar g u}k*hkfe

Uk~gi& }~duual gle k~gf& }idbi uia m~agu ia~kar gle s~ksiaur sgrrae ek}l uk uia ~gnndr }ik

~abk~eae du dl uia Ugfjqe, Uia Ugfjqe dr bklrdea~ae gr dlrsd~ae gr gltuidlm }idbi bgja ed~abuft

h~kj Jkrar, Uiqr& }duikqu fkk`dlm gu uia uagbidlmr kh uia ~gnndr& }a edrxgfqa uia Oa}dri

u~gedudkl gr g }ikfa& ~alea~dlm kq~ ruqet dlbkjsfaua,

Uia ~gnndr ugqmiu uigu axal rqbi g uidlm gr haaedlm gldjgfr }gr aliglbdlm uk tkq~ fdha

gle gl gbu kh auidbgf edrudlbudkl, @dlelarr uk}g~er gldjgfr }gr uia ngrdr hk~ g }ikfa bkea kh

Ugfjqedb fg}& u}k rsabdhdb ~qfar kh }idbi }a~a? 7$ faguia~ rikar bkqfe lku na }k~l kl Tkj

@dssq~& kl uia m~kqler uigu kla bkqfe lku gr` hk~ ja~bt dh uiat ige lku rik}l du& gle >$ Oa}r

}a~a sa~jduuae uk gr` lkl*Oa}r uk jdf` uiad~ bk}r hk~ uiaj kl uia Rgnngui rdlba lku ekdlm rk

}kqfe bgqra uia bk}r uk nabkja qlbkjhk~ugnfa, Oa}dri fg} ruguar uigu hdri bgllku na ikk`ae&

klft lauuae& nabgqra kh uia dloq~t gle sgdl ikk`r dlhfdbu, Nabgqra du }gr uikqmiu uigu gldjgfr

}a~a jk~a ralrdudxa uk sgdl& eqa uk uiad~ fgb` kh ~agrkldlm& }a jqru na axal jk~a ralrdudxa uk

uiad~ }aff*nadlm, Du }gr uikqmiu lknfa uk haae klar gldjgf nahk~a ra~xdlm klarafh, Uia Ugfjqe

eabfg~ar kla rikqfe lku igxa gl gldjgf qlfarr kla bgl s~kxdea hk~ du& gle uia jaedaxgf ~gnndr


15/19

75

rskà ~asaguaeft kh klar knfdmgudkl uk s~kxdea ikjafarr gldjgfr }dui hkke gle riafua~, ^gn ndldbgf fg}

ruguae uigu kla rikqfe lku raff uiad~ gldjgf uk g b~qaf jgl, UiaAlbtbfksaedg Oqegdbgruguar uigu kla }ik

ig~jr gl gldjgf ig~jr idr k}l rkqf, Jgdjkldear ajsigudbgfft ugqmiu `dlelarr uk gldjgfr& gle

nafdaxae uigu lkliqjglr jqru igxa rkja rugà dl uia ghua~fdha nabgqra kh gff uia dloqrudba gle rqhha~dlm

uiat aleq~ae dl uia s~aralu, Uia Ugfjqe ruguar uigu Jkrar gle Egxde }a~a rafabuae nt Mke gr igxdlm

fagea~rids skualudgf uk fage Dr~gaf rsabdhdbgfft nabgqra uiat ige s~kxal uiajrafxar gr mkke riasa~er, Uia

Ugfjqe edrbkq~gmar iqludlm )arsabdgfft hk~ rsk~u$& raadlm du gr b~qaf0 du gfrk edrbkq~gmar grrkbdgudkl }dui

iqlua~r ngrae qskl uia rb~dsuq~a lku uk rugle dl uia }gt uigu rdlla~r ugà )Sr, 7,7$, ^gnnd G`dng ugqmiu

uigu du }gr hk~ndeeal uk `dff g }dfe gldjgf qlfarr uigu gldjgf }gr mdxal g hgd~ u~dgf& fdà g iqjgl nadlm&

nahk~a g bkq~u kh u}alut*ui~aa oqemar, Gle rsag`dlm dl gl kxa~gff mala~gf ralra& Ian~a}r }a~a lku uk

bgqra edru~arr uk glt kh Mker b~aguq~ar,

1, Uia Hquq~aâuq~l uk Malardr

Mker sq~skra kh b~agudkl igr gf~aget naal ruguae gr uia Rgnngui, Du dr b~agudkl uigu dr gu

~aru& gu sagba& }dui durafh& gle }dui Mke, Uia bkjdlm arbigukfkmdbgf @dlmekj& }idbi dr rafekj

ru~arrae dl Oqegdrj& raajr uk na rskàl kh dl ua~jr kh }igu klba }gr& ~guia~ uigl }igu }dff na,

Uia s~ksiau Drgdgi earb~dnar g bkjdlm `dlmekj dl }idbi uia~a }dff na lk gldjkrdut nau}aal

jajna~r kh uia gldjgf `dlmekj& gle g malufalarr }dff sa~xgea b~aguae nadlmr uk rqbi gl ayualu

uigu uia~a }dff na g ~auq~l uk g lkl*xdkfalu fdha )Drg, >,50 77,8*4$, Ikrag abikar uidr raludjalu

)Ikr, >,79$& gle Afdsigz idlur gu du gr }aff )Okn 1,74*>2$, Aza`daf rsag`r kh gl arbigukfkmdbgf

~dxa~ }ia~a r}g~jr kh fdxdlm b~aguq~ar }dff fdxa )Aza`, 5=,4$& gle }ia~a h~qdu u~aar kh gff `dler

}dff fdla dur ngl`r& s~kxdedlm hkke hk~ dlignduglur )Aza`, 5=,7>$, Drgdgi rsag`r kh g hquq~a }ia~a

bk}r }dff na àsu& lku uk na agual& nqu uk s~kxdea hk~ g xamaug~dgl edau& dl g fgle }ia~a bguufa g~a


16/19

71

uq~lae fkkra gle riaas g~a gffk}ae uk ~ql )Drg, =,>7*>1$, ^gnnd Gn~gigj @kk` ugqmiu uigu uia

~aru~dbudklr kl agudlm jagu& rqbi gr uia `kria~ fg}r& g~a dlualeae uk `aas gfdxa g rsd~du kh ~axa~alba hk~ fdha

gjklm jagu agua~r& rk uigu rkjaegt uiat jgt ~auq~l uk uia xamaug~dgl edau iqjglr ige nahk~a uia M~agu

Hfkke,

Uiara ~aha~albar rsag` kh g ~auq~l uk gl aydrualba h~aa kh xdkfalba gle earskudrj& }ia~a iqjglr

ek lku qloqruft kss~arr jdffdklr kh kuia~r kh Mker b~aguae nadlmr, Du dr gl aydrualba uigu uia lkliqjglr

jqru na glydkqrft fklmdlm hk~,

Bklbfqrdkl

Uia~a dr g skrdudxa xda} kh lkl*iqjgldut }idbi uia Oa}dri rb~dsuq~ar gle u~gedudkl bgl

rqssk~u& nqu du dr qlhk~uqlguaft ru~glma uk uia ag~r kh jglt }ik ~age uia rgb~ae uayur }dui gl

qlbklrbdkqr ndgr uk}g~er uiad~ k}l rsabdar, ]a ek lku igxa uk ~age kq~ Ndnfar }dui gl

G~drukuafdgl& Gqmqrudldgl& Uikjdrudb& Bg~uardgl falr, Uia famgbt kh G~drukufa * gle Gqmqrudla gle

Gwqdlgr * ~as~aralu klft kla }gt kh fkk`dlm gu uia }k~fe, Uia~a g~a kuia~r? gle uiara kuia~ }gtr bgl

g~mqgnft bfgdj uk na gr& dh lku jk~a& gquialudbgfft Oa}dri,,, gr uia ekjdlglu klar uigu knrbq~ae uiaj,

]a igxa okq~latae ui~kqmi g jgb~k xda} kh uia Hd~ru Bkxalglu& lg~~k}dlm uia rbksa

ek}l uk raa dluk uia Ian~a} rgb~dhdbdgf rtruaj& uia ag~ft tag~r kh b~agudkl& gle uia ~gnndldbgf

u~gedudkl, Uia~a dr ayualrdxa rqssk~u uk bigffalma uia s~aekjdlglu glui~kskbalu~db xda} }dui

}idbi uia jgok~dut dlua~s~au uiad~ Ndnfar ukegt, D }kqfe rqmmaru uigu uia~a dr g idmia~ xda} h~kj

}idbi }a ~age rb~dsuq~a& gle uigu du }kqfe na Rgnngui*balua~ae ~guia~ uigl iqjgl*balua~ae, Nt

Rgnngui*balua~ae D ek lku jagl g u}alut*hkq~ ikq~ sa~dke kbbq~~dlm klba axa~t raxal egtr& nqu

g sa~sauqgf& udjafarr rugua big~gbua~dzae nt uia sagbagnfa s~aralba kh Mke& gr dlualeae dl Aeal

nahk~a uia Hgff, Uidr fguua~ Rgnngui rikqfe na uia falr }dui }idbi }a fdxa kq~ fdxar gle ~age kq~

Rb~dsuq~ar& gf}gtr raa`dlm }gtr uk djsfajalu uia s~gbudba kh g sa~sauqgf Rgnngui*fd`a rugua,


17/19

78

Uia kss~arrdkl kh kla raludalu nadlm rikqfe na& kl dur k}l& alkqmi uk ~gdra wqarudklr

gnkqu uia uiakfkmt gle dur k~uiks~gyt dl }idbi du kbbq~r& nqu uia kss~arrdkl kh ndffdklr gle

ndffdklr gle ndffdklr ui~kqmikqu idruk~t& gle uia bk~~arskledlm dledhha~alba kh uia djgma nag~a~r

kh Mke& dr m~kqler hk~ g fgnaf kh gnrkfqua eas~gxdut, ]ial }a qra kq~ ruguqr khDjgmk Ead gr g

fdbalra uk ut~glldza uia jgok~dut kh b~agudkl& }a s~kxa ik} hg~ }a gbuqgfft g~a h~kj uia iag~u gle

}dff kh uigu rgja Mke dl }ikra djgma }a igxa naal jgea, Mker }dff hk~ qr dr gf}gtr mkke, Ia

b~aguae gff uidlmr mkke& gle uikra mkke uidlmr g~a sfagrdlm uk Idj, Uidr dr ~agrkl alkqmi uk

~ahfabu Idr mkkelarr& bg~a& gle s~kxdrdkl uk uikra uidlmr uigu g~a qlea~ kq~ sk}a~,

Fau qr& gr Idr djgma nag~a~r& bfdjn ek}l khh kq~ bk~sk~gua fgeea~ uk uale Idr mg~eal,


18/19

7=

]k~`r âha~albae

Nkte& M~amk~t G,& gle Sgqf ^, Aeet,Gb~krr Uia Rsabu~qj? Qlea~rugledlm Drrqar dl

Axglmafdbgf Uiakfkmt, M~gle ^gsder? Ngà~ Gbgeajdb& >33>, @dlefa,

N~aluklr Almfdri U~glrfgudkl kh uia Rasuqgmdlu)N~alukl$, Fklekl? Ngmrua~ ( Rklr& Fue,& 7955,

]an,

Ekqgt îadjr 7944 Gja~dbgl Aedudkl )E^G$, Ngfudjk~a? Okil Jq~sit Bkjsglt& 7944, ]an,

Mkke La}r U~glrfgudkl }+ Gskb~tsig )MLUG$, >le

Aedudkl, La} Tk~`? Gja~dbgl Ndnfa

Rkbdaut& 744>, ]an,

Dlua~lau Albtbfksaedg kh Sidfkrksit? G Saa~*âxda}ae Gbgeajdb ârkq~ba, Hdara~& Ogjar& gle

N~gefat Ek}eal& aer, }}},das,quj,aeq, Klfdla,

Oqa~malrjata~& Jg~`, Ua~~k~ dl uia Jdle kh Mke? Uia Mfkngf ^dra kh âfdmdkqr Xdkfalba,

Fklekl? Qldxa~rdut kh Bgfdhk~ldg& >333, SEH,

Fdlzat& Gle~a},Gldjgf Uiakfkmt, Fklekl? RBJ S~arr Fue,& 7445, S~dlu,

Fdlzat& Gle~a}& gle Egl Bkil*Ria~nk`, Ghua~ Lkgi? Gldjgfr gle uia Fdna~gudkl kh Uiakfkmt,

Fklekl? Jk}n~gt& 744=, S~dlu,

Fqe}dm& Uiakek~a J, Uia Rgb~ae Sguir kh uia ]aru, 2~e ae, La} Oa~rat? Sag~rkl S~aludba Igff&

>338, S~dlu,

LA] GJA^DBGL RUGLEGÊ NDNFA)LGRN$, Fg Ign~g? Uia Fkb`jgl Hkqlegudkl& 7441,

]an,

La} Fdxdlm U~glrfgudkl )LFU$, Bg~kf Ru~agj? Utlegfa Ikqra Sqnfdria~r& Dlb,& >33=, ]an,

S~aaba& ^ke, Rdlr kh uia Hfari? G Idruk~t kh Auidbgf Xamaug~dgl Uikqmiu, Xglbkqxa~? QNB&

>339, S~dlu,

âmalruadl& Fa}dr M,âsfaldri uia Ag~ui? G Idruk~t kh K~mgldzae âfdmdklr U~agujalu kh

Gldjgfr gle Lguq~aDlbfqedlm uia Ndnfar Jarrgma kh Bklra~xgudkl gle @dlelarr uk}g~e

Gldjgfr, La} Tk~`? B~krr~kge& 7447, S~dlu,

Rafalmqu& Big~far, Rgb~ae Hq~t? Qlea~rugledlm âfdmdkqr Xdkfalba, >le ae, Fgligj? ^k}jgl (

Fduufahdafe& >339, S~dlu

UIA IKFT NDNFA& LA] DLUA^LGUDKLGF XA^RDKL)LDX$, Ndnfdbg& Dlb& >377, ]an,]gfegq& Sgqf, âfdmdkl gle Gldjgfr,Dl Eahalra kh Gldjgfr? Uia Rabkle ]gxa, Ae, Saua~

Rdlma~, Jgfeal? Nfgb`}aff& >338, 84*92, S~dlu,

***, Uia Rsabuk~ kh Rsabdardrj? Nqeeidru gle Bi~drudgl Xda}r kh Gldjgfr, La} Tk~`? Kyhk~e

Qldxa~rdut S~arr& Dlb,& >33>, S~dlu,


19/19

]gfua~r& @a~~t R, & gle Fdrg Sk~ujarr& aer,^afdmdkqr Xamaug~dgldrj? H~kj Iardke uk uia Egfgd

Fgjg, Gfnglt? Rugua Qldxa~rdut kh La} Tk~`& >337, S~dlu,

]ann& Ruasial I, Kl Mker gle Ekmr? G Bi~drudgl Uiakfkmt kh Bkjsgrrdkl hk~ Gldjgfr, La}

Tk~`? Kyhk~e Qldxa~rdut S~arr& Dlb,& 7449, S~dlu,

Documents

Introduction to Animal Welfare in the 1st Covenant: Challenging the Accepted Anthropocentric Worldview