Health Science Fundamentals

INTRODUCTION: The History of Health CareEarly BeginningsEarly humans were ________________Survival depended on protecting against predators & finding foodThey were superstitious and believed illness/diseases was caused by _______Tribal doctors would attempt to heal through ___________________was used to expel demons from the headPrimitive, evil spirits, exorcism, trephoning2

Early BeginningsSome used ___and ___ as medicine, the following are still used todayDigitalisQuinineBelladonnaMorphineMedications today are given via many routes, such as ___Back then, they were predominately ___ ___ and/or ___ onto the skinHerbs, plants, intravenously, chewed, swallowed, rubbed7

FOXGLOVE PLANTDIGITALISDigitalis (foxglove plant)- used for arrhythmias and to decrease heartrate

8

QUININE PLANTQuinine plant- quinine was used to treat malaria; used for leg cramps/spasms9

BELLADONNAATROPINE

POPPY PLANTMORPHINEThe Egyptians

Medicine in Ancient Times: the Egyptiansearliest people to keep ___They were ___ -called upon gods for healingIdentified certain diseases___ acted as physiciansUsed ___ for healingSplinted ___Treated disorders by ___ & ___Accurate records, superstitious, priests, medicine, fractures, bloodletting, leaches13

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28332-discover-magazine-leech-therapy-video.htm

Medicine in Ancient Times: the ChineseWere the first to use primitive ___(as early as the Stone Age)Treated illness/disease with ___ tools

Acupuncture, stone16Medicine in Ancient Time: the GreeksMedicine was an ___ and a professionFirst to study the ___ of illness and determine it was ___ and not spiritualThey kept ___ on what they observe and what they thought caused the illnessThe knew importance of ___Developed the use of ___ and herbal therapiesArt, cause, natural, records, research, massage17Medicine in Ancient Time: the Greeks

Medicine in Ancient Time: the Greeks

Medicine in Ancient Times: the GreeksReligious customs didnt allow for ______ the father of medicine, 469-377BC) based his knowledge of ___ and ___ on observation of the ___ body

Dissection, Hippocrates, anatomy and physiology, external, Hippocratic Oath20

He kept note of signs and symptoms of many diseases and noted disease wasnt from supernatural forces

Wrote the standard of ethics called the _________________________Medicine in Ancient Times: the GreeksMedicine in Ancient Times: the RomansFirst to develop a sanitation system Developed aqueducts, ___, and public baths with ___ systems

Sewers, filtering, hospitals, government22

First to organize medical careDeveloped ___; roman physicians kept a room for the ill in their homesPhysicians were paid by the ___Wore spice beaks

Medicine in Ancient Times: the Romans

the Dark Ages (AD 400-800) &the Middle Ages (AD 800-1400)

Medicine was only practiced in ___ and ___Care was custodial and treatment attempt was ___Medicine was stopped for nearly 1000 years d/t the Roman Empire being conquered by nomadsMonasteries, convents, prayer, epidemics, vaccines24

Millions of deaths at this time were a result of ___ (Bubonic/Black Plague)

We now have ___ to prevent the diseases once the blame for the epidemicsthe Dark Ages (AD 400-800) &the Middle Ages (AD 800-1400)The Renaissance (AD1350-1650)

The rebirth of ___Universities and meds schools for researchDidnt accept disease as the will of God- sought further explanations

Learning, dissection, printing press26___ was accepted

___ developed allowing for books to be published- accessible knowledge

The RenaissanceThe 16th and 17th Century___ studied and recorded anatomy of the human body (artist- Vitruvian Man)

Leonardo de Vinci, fallopian tubes, Eustachian tube, microscope, ORAL28The 16th and 17th CenturyGabriele Fallopius discovered the ___

The 16th and 17th CenturyDiscovered the ___; (connects the ear to throat)

Bartolommeo Eustachio

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented the ___ (first discovered ___ bacteria)

The 16th and 17th Century

Apothecaries* started

The 16th and 17th Century

The 18th CenturyClassroom, labs, and observation at the ___.

Bedside, autopsy, Elizabeth Blackwell, stethoscope, respiration, Benjamin Franklin, small pox, preventative33

Students performed ____.The 18th CenturyFirst female physician ___.The 18th Century

The first ___was invented by Rene Laennec

The 18th CenturyO2 was discovered and it was found that ___ required it.

The 18th Century

___ created bifocals and discovered cold transmission.The 18th Century

"People often catch cold from one another when shut up together in small close rooms, coaches, &c. and when sitting near and conversing so as to breathe in each other's transpiration."

The 18th CenturyEdward Jenner discovered the method of vaccination for small pox; the idea of ___ public health followed.

19th and 20th Century___ and cleanliness became accepted

Handwashing, Louis Pasteur, pasteurization, Joseph Lister, antiseptics, asepsis41

19th and 20th Century___ ( Father of Microbiology) discovered tiny microorganisms were everywhere and caused disease.

He also discovered ___ and created a vaccine for rabies in 1885.

19th and 20th Century___ used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs; first to use ___ in surgery___ was developed

___ developed the culture plate method and isolated the bacterium causing ___

19th and 20th CenturyRobert Koch, TB (tuberculosis), xrays, anesthesia, viruses44

19th and 20th Century___ were discovered (allowed us to see internal structures using radiography)

19th and 20th Century___ was discovered by using nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform

Dmitri Ivanovski discovered diseases that couldnt be seen with the modern microscope (___)

19th and 20th Century19th and 20th CenturySigmund Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious and the effects on the body (psychosomatic illness); ___ and ___ evolved

PCN, double helix48

19th and 20th Century___ was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming

19th and 20th CenturyDiscovery of the dead polio vaccine and later the live polio vaccine (>effective)

discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on the ___, replication of DNA, and hereditary info encoded (Nobel Prize 1962)

19th and 20th Century Francis Crick and James Watson 19th and 20th CenturyHealthy now = physical, mental social, emotional and spiritual health (___)

Holistic, pt/cgv, noninvasive, geriatric5219th and 20th CenturyAlternative Medicine

Holistic, pt/cgv, noninvasive, geriatric53

19th and 20th Centuryinvolvement in patient care skillsHome CareOutpatient/Ambulatory Care FacilitiesTelemedicineHolistic, pt/cgv, noninvasive, geriatric54

___ technique for diagnosis/treatment

19th and 20th CenturyHolistic, pt/cgv, noninvasive, geriatric55Rising number of ___ patients needing new kinds of healthcare professionals d/t life prolonging technology

19th and 20th Century

Holistic, pt/cgv, noninvasive, geriatric56

The Advancements of Nursing

_________________________opened the Nightingale School of Nursing in 1860 which raised the standards of nursing and made the profession respectableFlorence Nightingale, American Red Cross, Lillian Wald57______________ was established by Clara Barton in 1881 (after she developed the Treaty of Geneva which produced relief for sick and wounded soldiers)

The Advancements of Nursing(1867-1940) established Henry Street Settlement which brought nursing care into the homes of the poor

The Advancements of Nursing

Patient Care TodayThere are now many positions and job titles associated with the care of the patient

CNATELE TECHPHLEBOTOMISTEKG TECH

Whats NewNew vaccinations to prevent childhood diseases that were prevalent not long ago (Varivax- for the Varicella virus or ___)

Whats NewNow have vaccinations to prevent meningitis (Menactra)

Newest vaccinations that may prevent cancer (___)

Whats NewA Look Back Overview of the FutureAntibiotics for bacterial diseasesOrgan transplantsDentistry w/o painPreventative medDM control w/ insulin discoveryMechanical tech (HD)HMOs Hospice

Cure for AIDSDecrease in the cases of malaria, flu, etcCure for genetically transferred diseases (SCD, MS, MD, Alzheimers)Isolation of the gene causing depressionImproved technology to help the disabled