Many anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additives are based on phos-

phorus/ sulfur/heterocycles components (see Figure 2). Novitas offers a wide range

of phosphorus based AW additives for instance, TPPT (AW-3001), triaryl phos-

Today, Novitas will present three main

product categories:

1) Friction Modifier (FM),

2) Anti-wear (AW) additive, and

3) Extreme pressure (EP) additive.

These additives offer innovative so -

lutions for today’s automotive, indus-

trial and grease applications. Reduc ing

friction is the key to improving energy

efficiency, minimizing wear and is cru-

cial to machinery reliability. Boosting

load carrying without resorting to chlo -

rinated paraffin or sulfurs is important

for environment/health benefits. These

three subjects are top priorities for

many lubricant formulators.

Molybdenum type additive is known

in industry as a Friction Modifier (see

Figure 1) through its self-decomposi-

tion and interactions with surrounding

additives such as ZNDTP or other sul-

fur containing additives. Traditional

type Mo additives with Mo2SxOy core

are widely used in automotive, indus-

trial, and grease applications. How -

ever, it has been reported that these

Molybdenum additives lose their fric-

tion reducing effects over time due to

the instability of the MoS2 film gener-

ated in-situ. Today Novitas offers tra-

ditional types (e.g. FM-5104 and 5208)

as well a new class of Molybdenum

additives with a stable Mo2S4 core (for

instance, FM-5308, FM-5413).

Introducing Novitas’s Specialty Additives (SA):FM/AW/EP AdditivesBy Liwen Wei, Novitas Chem Solutions, LLC

NOVITAS CHEM SOLUTIONS, LLC was founded in 2006 to provide consulting services with an

emphasis on innovation and business solutions for the lubricant industry. We have since forged

trusting and long-term partnerships with clients and customers that enable Novitas to offer top

notch specialty products emphasizing Innovation, Quality, and Value Creation.

Novitas Chem Solutions, LLC

Figure 1. Molybdenum Type FM Chemistry

Figure 2. AW/EP Chemistry

Reprinted from CMF PLUS 2015

phates (AW-3305) as well as amine

phosphates (AW-3160) and thiophos-

phates (AW-3211). Through 4-ball test-

ing (ASTM D4172) we compared these

phosphorus based additives including

AW-3211, a patent pending additive,

with the industry leading/competitive

AW additive in PAO 40 and in ISO 68

polyol ester.

In PAO40 study (see Table 1) we con-

firm that Novitas’ patent pending thio-

phosphate additives (AW-3211) is by

far the most effective AW additive from

0.05wt% to 0.5wt%, outperforming AW-

3180 and AW-3160 which are popular

in many industrial lubricants. A com-

petitive thiophosphate additive that is

known to be a FZG booster, was effec-

tive at low dosage, however, it became

a “wear” additive when dosage goes

beyond 0.25wt%. This competitive

additive has a strong and offensive

odor, indicative of possible more cor-

rosive sulfur present. When we change

the base oil to ISO 68 POE (see Table 2),

AW-3211 remains the best performing

AW additive (as is AP-6100 that con-

tains AW-3211). Interestingly however,

we noticed the fluids additized with

AW-3211 after testing did not show any

color changes while other phosphorus

based additives darkened during test-

ing. Color change of test fluids is at -

tributed to the frictional heat generat-

ed during the 4-ball runs. No color

change suggests a minimum friction

heat generated.

No color change noted in 4-ball

testing (see Table 2), we believe, is the

result of unique film forming and fric-

tion reducing capability of this addi-

tive as may be shown by the Stribeck

curve (see Figure 3). Too much of the

film forming capability gives more

wear, as in the case of the competitive

products (see Table 1). Not enough film

forming capability, AW becomes less

effective. The following AW trend may

thus be proposed:

AW-3211 > AW-3180 > AW-3160 > AW-3305

(continued on next page)

Table 1. NCS 3211 Outperforms Competitors in PAO40

In PAO40 0.05% 0.10% 0.25% 0.50%

NCS-3211 0.353 0.327 0.344 0.35

NCS-3180 0.588 0.434 0.327 0.406

NCS-3160 0.647 0.318 0.325 0.341

Competitive Products 0.441 0.46 0.613 0.648

Table 2. Friction Reducing Anti-wear (FR-AW)

*Patent Pending:A Novel Class ofAW/FR Additive

No Additive 1.125 Dark

AW-3305 1.096 (1%) Dark

AW-3305 0.517 (3%) Dark (A)

AW-3211 0.513 (0.25%) No Change (B)

AP-6100 0.471 (1.5%) No Change

ISO 68 Ester Average Scar ColorBase Oil Diameter (mm) Change

Figure 3. Innovative Solutions for EHL Lubrication

Elasto-hydrodynamicRegion: Non-conformingSurfaces suffer elasticstrains at the contactwhere by pressure/frictionincreases dramatically;such contacts withinsufficient film-forming(AW-FR) additivesprotection shall lead tomixed/boundarylubrication with excessiveheat generation.

Figure 4. EAL EP Additive for Grease: EP-2000 (AEP)

Lignin – is the most abundant natural aromatic organic polymerfound in all vascular plants (From Merck Index, 11th ed).

EP-2000 (AEP) is an native Lignin nano-sized (up to 10 micron) tosuit Grease Applications. It readily absorbed into the soap greasestructure and provide EP and antioxidancy, and thickening effectwhen used in high dosage.

Example

Base Grease*

1% Novitas AEP

3% Novitas AEP

4-Ball Weld Load KGf

160

200

315

4-Ball Weld Scar KGf

0.70

0.65

0.60

*Base grease: Li Soap grease

EP Additives such as chlorinated

paraffins and sulfurs are widely used

in industry, however, have long been

scrutinized due to their environ-

ment/health concerns. As alternatives

to these EP additives, Novitas offers a

native lignin based EP additive for

environmentally friendly grease appli-

cations: EP-2000 (previously named

AEP, see Figure 4) and a highly effective

phosphate based EP additive EP-2301E

(see Figure 5) that was found to be ef -

fective in replacing chlorinated paraf-

fin at a reduced dosage. For in stance

5wt% EP-2301E gives the same 4-ball

weld load as that of 25wt% chlorinated

paraffin in heavy neutral and 50wt%

chlorinated paraffin in ISO 56 alkyl

benzene. Here we see an interesting

base oil effect where the use of polar

base oils such as alkyl benzene give

higher weld load than heavy neutral

base oils.

Novitas has a wide range of NSF

approved additives and base oils with

some of the products listed in Figure 6

for food grade applications. AO-1300

is PANA antioxidant with excellent

qualities. AW-TPPT is another example

of excellent qualities where we offer

the highest purity and noncorrosivity

(see Figure 7) in industry with Kosher

certification.

Figure 8 is the modular formulation

approach where Novitas offers special-

ty additives (SA) including the three

product categories, friction modifier

(FM), anti-wear (AW), and extreme

pressure (EP), presented in this talk,

along with antioxidants (AO) and cor-

rosion inhibitors (CI) for industrial/

grease applications. Through these

specialties Novitas strives to provide

innovative and quality products you

can count on to win the race for better

lubrication.

Novitas Chem Solutions, LLC (continued)

Figure 5. Heavy Duty Extreme Pressure EP-2301E

Figure 6. NSF Certification for Food Grade ApplicationsNSF Certified List:

AO-1300 151038 HX-1AW-3004 149338 HX-1CI-4309 150207 HX-1AW-3160 150180 HX-1AW-TPPT 149270 HX-1WI 1715 151037 HX-1WS 5100 149337 HX-1WS 660 151073 HX-1

Figure 7. Quality Products You Can Count On

Figure 8. Modular Formulation for Industrial & Grease Lubrication

Novitas TPPT

• Flakes, >99% purity

• NSF and Kosher Certified

• Non-Corrosive

This article reprinted with permission from the November 2015 issue of TLT, the official monthly magazine of theSociety of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, an international not-for-profit technical society headquartered in Park Ridge, Illinois.