Introducere GIS (USA)

8/20/2019 Introducere GIS (USA)

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Introduction to Geographic InformationSystems Spring 2013 (INF 385T-28437)

Dr. David Arctur

Lecturer, esearch !e""o#$niversity of %e&as at Austin

Lecture 1 'an 1(, 2013


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Who am I?…or at least, where have I been?

University of Texas at Austin Research Fellow, Jackson School of Geosciences Lecturer, iSchool

Open Geospatial onsortiu! "OG#

$irector, %nteropera&ility 'ro(ra!s )**+)*-) .e!&er/$ele(ate -001)**+

LaserScan, 2sri, OG %nteropera&ility%nstitute

University of Flori3a, Gainesville 'h$ Ur&an 'lannin( -004

Thesis re5 G%S with a3aptive, o&6ectoriente33ata&ase

https://gsites.google.com/site/dkarctur 2INF38

5T(28437) – Spring 2013 – Lecture 1

https://gsites.google.com/site/dkarcturhttps://gsites.google.com/site/dkarcturhttps://gsites.google.com/site/dkarcturhttps://gsites.google.com/site/dkarctur


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3

Our social fabric is evolving…

In relationship with our environment

Who can say what’s to be done?

Nat ur a

l Resour ces

B i o d i v e r s i t y

o l l u

t i o n

! l i m

a t e ! h a

n g e

" l o b

a l i #

e d

$ c o n o m y

o p u l a t

i o n % & r b

a n i # a

t i o n

' c i e n

c e

( e c h n o l o

g y

7hose %ssues Are These5

'opulation 3yna!icsSocial e8uity issuesSustaina&le 3evelop!entGlo&ali9ation of resource

!(!t, pro3uction : tra3 Toxic waste 3isposalFresh water availa&ility

2ner(y supplies an3 3e!an3INF385T(28437) – Spring 2013 – Lecture 1


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Overall Course Objectives

;asic un3erstan3in( of G%S capa&ilities :tools ArcG%S -*what it is, why it !atters, an3 how to (et it

INF385T(28437) – Spring 2013 – Lecture 14


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%n3ex to .arine an3 Lacustrine Geolo(ical Sa!ples "%.LGS# 3ata&ase<Sa!ple locations 3isplaye3 in Arctic pro6ection, July -4, )*-)



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Index to Marine and Lacustrine Geological Samples (IMLGS) database. Sample

locations displayed in Mercator projection, July !, "#"



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Outline for today

G%S overview G%S 3ata an3 layers G%S applications an3 exa!ples Software overview ourse software : exercise ?les setup

7INF385T(28437) – Spring 2013 – Lecture 1


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GIS OVERVIEW

Lecture 1



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What is GIS?

Geo(raphic %nfor!ation Syste!s "G%S# areco!puteri9e3 syste!s 3esi(ne3 for thestora(e, retrieval an3 analysis of(eo(raphically reference3 3ata

G%S uses a3vance3 analytical tools toexplore at a scienti?c level the spatialrelationships, patterns, an3 processes ofcultural, &iolo(ical, 3e!o(raphic,econo!ic, (eo(raphic, an3 physicalpheno!ena



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S.America map by Diego Guierre!"#5$2


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%oday

Ara" Sea, $)*e+istan


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2012 National Election Results

http5//www


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e*-*ased GIS or"d ater/n"inehttp://worldwateronline.org



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G"o*a" arth /*servation System of SystemsG/SShttp://earthobservations.org



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Tools for GIS

=ar3ware o!puter

$i(iti9er

Scanner

'rinter/'lotter

Software $esktop G%S

%nternet G%S

A$ Software

$ata&ase Software .ulti!e3ia "photos, vi3eos, @$ !o3els#



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Unique capabilities of GIS

G%S stores relate3 (eo(raphicfeatures in separate collections of?les calle3 !ap layers

.ap layers can &e reuse3 easily an3asse!&le3 into any nu!&er of !apco!positions an3 overlai3 foranalysis



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GIS answers the following

Location5 7hat is at


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Scale of GIS data

Glo&al to local



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Vector data

ap features 'oints, lines, poly(ons

!eature attri*utes 2very feature has attri&utes "e


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Raster Data

Store3 electronic i!a(eor picture taken as anaerial photo(raph orsatellite i!a(e

o!pose3 of a rectan(ular array ofs8uare cells, calle3 pixels, with a

nu!&er in each cell representin( thesoli3 color ?ll of that cell



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GIS DATA AND LAYERS

Lecture 1



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GIS example

%3entify pollutin( co!panies an3 theirproxi!ity to populations in poverty, waterfeatures, or schools<

Start with $ata&ases

.ap layers



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Databases

Cot easy to interpret



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Data shown as GIS layers



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Additional layers

'hysical features "lakes, rivers, etc


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Additional layers

A3!inistrative 3ata "schools#



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Maps and tables are interactive

%3entify features



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Maps and tables are interactive

Select features



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Advanced GIS functions

'roxi!ity selections



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Advanced GIS functions

;uers Select top pollutin( co!panies an3 show the nu!&er of

schools within ) !iles of these co!panies<



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G%S applications

A445 ivil en(ineerin(, surveyin(<

6usiness Site location, 3elivery syste!s, !arketin(, !e3iaan3 press, real estate<

Defense4inte""igence .ilitary operations, (eospatial intelli(ence

Geosciences Geolo(y, (eophysics, tectonics, oceano(raphy,BBB

Government Fe3eral, state, local, econo!ic 3evelop!ent,elections, ur&an an3 re(ional plannin(<

7ea"th 'u&lic health, health an3 hu!an services, hospitals,!ana(e3 care, research<

8atura" resources A(riculture, archaeolo(y, cli!ate chan(e,conservation, environ!ental !ana(e!ent, forestry,!arine an3 coast, !inin(, petroleu!, waterresources<

9u*"ic safety o!puterAi3e3 $ispatch, e!er(ency/3isaster!ana(e!ent, 2.S, ho!elan3 security, lawenforce!ent, ?re protection, wil3?re !ana(e!ent

%ransportation Aviation, hi(hways, lo(istics, railways, ports an3!ariti!e, pu&lic transit

$ti"ities4communicati

ons

2lectric, (as, pipeline, teleco!!unications,water/wastewater



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Neuroscience: brain atlases



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SOFTWARE OVERVIEW

Lecture 1



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ArcMap (Desktop GIS)

Ta&le of contents

Toolstool&ar

%3entifyresultswin3ow

.ap3ocu!entwin3ow

Stan3ar

3tool&ar

.ain!enu



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Map documents

"


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Tutorial 1-1.mxd

Two layers USities "re3 points, restricte3 to !a6or cities# USStates "yellow poly(ons#



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Geodatabases

The (eo3ata&ase is a IcontainerI use3 tohol3 a collection of 3atasets "G%S features,ta&les, raster i!a(es, etc#<

5ountry "ayer

Graticu"e "ayer

or"d.gd*



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ArcCatalog

Arran(es an3 !ana(es (eo(raphicinfor!ation in workspace fol3ers an3(eo3ata&ases<



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ArcToolbox

A3vance3 tools

with for!&ase3

input &y users



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GIS TUTORIAL 1OVERVIEW

Lecture 1



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9art I $sing and ma+ing maps

hapter -5 %ntro3uction Learn the &asics of workin( with existin( G%S 3ata an3 !aps

hapter )5 .ap 3esi(n Learn how to create choropleth an3 point !aps

hapter @5 G%S outputs Learn how to &uil3 an3 export !aps usin( G%S 3ata



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9art II or+ing #ith spatia" data

hapter E5 File (eo3ata&ases Learn how to create (eo3ata&ases an3 i!port 3ata into the!

hapter 5 Spatial 3ata 2xplores the &asic 3ata types use3 within G%S an3 then shows

how to use the %nternet to (ather G%S 3ata

hapter 45 $i(iti9in( Learn how to 3i(iti9e vector 3ata an3 transfor! 3ata to !atch

realworl3 coor3inates

hapter 15 Geoco3in(

Learn how to !ap a33ress 3ata as points throu(h the(eoco3in( process

hapter +5 Geoprocessin( 'erfor! spatial analysis usin( (eoprocessin( tools



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9art III Learning advanced GISapp"ications

hapter 05 Spatial analysis 'erfor! spatial analysis usin( (eoprocessin( tools an3 analysis

workKow !o3els

hapter -*5 ArcG%S @$ analyst %ntro3uces ArcG%S @$ Analyst, allowin( users to create @$

scenes, con3uct Kythrou(h ani!ations, an3 con3uct lineofsi(ht stu3ies

hapter --5 ArcG%S spatial analyst %ntro3uces ArcG%S Spatial Analyst for creatin( an3 analy9in(

raster !aps, inclu3in( hillsha3es, 3ensity !aps, site suita&ility

surfaces, an3 risk in3ex surfaces


C


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Chapter structure

Tutorials .ultiple tutorials in every chapter

%nclu3e step&y step exercises

Dour turns Reinforce the skills learne3 in the step&ystep exercises

A3vance3 assi(n!ents Foun3 at the en3 of each chapter<

'rovokes critical pro&le!solvin( skills


GIS ld


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GIS tutorial data

$ata 2SR%'ressG%ST-$ata

.ap layers, (eo3ata&ases,3ata ta&les, etc<


GIS ild


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GIS tutorial data

.aps 2SR%'ressG%ST-.aps

.ap 3ocu!ents

Startin( place for tutorials


GIS ild


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GIS tutorial data

.yAssi(n!ents 2SR%'ressG%ST-.yAssi(n!ents

Location to save en3 of chapter assi(n!ents


GISttildt


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GIS tutorial data

.y2xercises 2SR%'ressG%ST-.y2xercises

Location to save tutorial exercises

Finishe3 exercises are solutions to tutorialexercises


S


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Summary

G%S overview G%S 3ata an3 layers G%S applications an3 exa!ples

Software overview G%S Tutorial - overview

Documents

Introducere GIS (USA)