Intro to Research Lesson 3 - Research Variables

8/8/2019 Intro to Research Lesson 3 - Research Variables

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RESEARCH VARIABLES

A variable represents a class of

outcomes that can take on more thanone values. The more precisely that a variable is

measured, the more useful the

measurement is.Variables that go by the same name orcategory can take on different values.


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RESEARCH VARIABLES

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RESEARCH VARIABLES

EXAMPLEThe difference between two groups of adults on how well theycan remember a set of 10 single digits after a 5-hour period.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

- Represents themeasure that

reflects the outcome

of the researchstudy


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RESEARCH VARIABLES

EXAMPLEThe effect of parental involvement in school on childrensgrade.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

- Represents themeasure that

reflects the outcome

of the researchstudy


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RESEARCH VARIABLES

EXAMPLEThe effectiveness of 3 different reading programs on childrensreading skills.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

- A variable that ismanipulated to

examine its impact

on the dependentvariable.


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RESEARCH VARIABLES

EXAMPLEThe relationship between reading speed and readingcomprehension

CONTROL VARIABLE

- A variable that hasa potential influence

on the dependentvariable.


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RESEARCH VARIABLES

EXAMPLEThe effects of television watching on achievement

EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE

- A variable that hasunpredictable

impact on thedependent variable.


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RESEARCH VARIABLES

EXAMPLEThe relationship between crime rate and ice creamconsumption.

MODERATOR VARIABLE

- A variable that masksthe true relationship

between the

dependent &independent variable


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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ANDRELATED STUDIES

RELATED LITERATUREComposed of discussions offacts and principles to which

the present study is related.These materials are usuallyprinted and found in books,encyclopedias, professional

journals, magazines,

newspapers and otherpublications.Classified as either LOCAL or

FOREIGN.

RELATED STUDIESComposed of studies,

inquiries or investigations

already conducted to which thepresent study is related or has

some bearing or similarity.They are usually unpublishedmaterials such as manuscripts,

theses, and dissertations.Classified as either LOCAL or

FOREIGN.


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PURPOSES, IMPORTANCEAND FUNCTIONS

1. They help or guide theresearcher in searching for or

selecting a better researchproblem or topic.

2. They help the researcherunderstand his topic forresearch better.

3. They ensure that there will be

no duplication of other studies.4. They help guide the researcher

in locating more sources ofrelated information.

5. They guide the researcher inmaking the research designespecially ina. the formulation of specific

questionsb. the formulation of hypothesesc. the formulation of conceptual

frameworkd. the selection and application of

research methodse. the selection and application of

sampling techniquesf. the preparation and validation of

research instrumentsg. the selection and application of

statistical procedures


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CHARACTERISTICS OF AGOOD RRL AND RRS

1. The surveyed materials mustbe as recent as possible.

2. Materials to be reviewed mustbe objective and unbiased.

3. Materials surveyed must berelevant to the study.

4. Surveyed materials must havebeen based upon genuinely

original and true facts to makethem valid and reliable.

5. Reviewed materials must notbe too few nor too many.

SOURCES OF RELATEDLITERATURE AND STUDIES Books, encyclopedias, almanacsand other similar references

Articles published inprofessional journals, magazines,periodicals, newspapers, and otherpublicationsManuscripts, monographs,memoirs, speeches, letters and

diaries Unpublished thesis anddissertations The Constitution, laws andstatutes of the land


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FORMULATION OFCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual framework is a tentative explanationor theoretical explanation of the phenomenon or

problem and serves as the basis for the formulation ofresearch hypotheses. The conceptual framework consists of the researchersown position on a problem after his exposure to

various theories that have bearing on the problem. The conceptual framework becomes the centraltheme, the focus or the main thrust of the study. Itserves as a guide in conducting the study.


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INPUTS

Qualified teachers

Effective methods

Adequate facilities

Adequate supervisoryAssistance

Elimination of theproblems

The effectiveness of nursing program in FCPC dependsupon the qualifications of the teachers, the

effectiveness of their methods of teaching andstrategies, the adequacy of facilities, the adequacy of

supervisory assistance and the elimination of problemshampering the progress.

PROCESS

NursingInstructional

Program

OUTPUTS

Superior Nursing

knowledgeskills, and

competenciesof FCPC students


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The effectiveness of nursing program in FCPC dependsupon the qualifications of the teachers, the

effectiveness of their methods of teaching andstrategies, the adequacy of facilities, the adequacy of

supervisory assistance and the elimination of problemshampering the progress.

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Nursing InstructionalProgram

SuperiorNursing

knowledge,skills and

competenciesof FCPCstudents

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Intro to Research Lesson 3 - Research Variables