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About the Author
• Connecting the world for over 25 years:• Product development career in the networking industry
• 3Com, Nortel, Motorola…
• Engineering leadership, cross-functional teams, program management
• Technology integration partnerships, partner management• Partners: Alcatel-Lucent, Brocade, IBM…
• Interested by and advising companies on:• Embedded systems, IoT platforms
• System architecture – device and ecosystem
More information at http://vclefebvre.workfolio.com
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 2
Outline
•What the IoT is
•Why it is emerging now
•When will it be there
•Where it is used
•Who are the players
•How it is implemented
• Challenges
• Impact on businesses
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 3
Source: HP
Hype PeakThe Internet of Things
Source: Gartner
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Vision & Reality
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Source: www.iot-a.eu
What is the IoT?The Rise of the Sensors
• Monitoring and control systems
• Using distributed-computing
• For data analysis and distribution
• Applied to many physical and biological entities
9/23/2015 Vincent Lefebvre 6
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Val
ue
Ad
ded
Personal ComputerMicro-Controllers
Fixed InternetNetworks & M2M
Mobile InternetCloud & BigData
Internet of ThingsLow-cost sensors
EnablersA confluence of technology improvements
• Hardware:Compute power, miniaturization, low power, easier realization
• Software:Embedded systems, cloud computing, analytics
• Networking:Internet, wireless, mobility
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 7
Source: Sanow-tech-graphics
• Today: 3 connected devices per person on earth
• 2020 Gartner-IDC estimates:• 26-212 billion “things”• $1.9-$8.9 trillion economic
impact
• Network value =f( connections2 )
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 8
Source: theconnectivist.com
Market SizeHuge Value Potential
Market SegmentationEvery Industry
• Major sectors:• Consumer
• Commercial
• Transportation
• Industrial
• Infrastructure
• Key verticals of adoption:
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 9
Source: Goldman Sachs
Consumer• Connected homes
• Security• Energy use• Smart appliances• Smart Locks• Smart Lighting• Entertainment…
• Wearables: • Fitness bands• Action cameras, • Smart watches,• Smart glasses,• Smart fabrics…
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 10Source: Alcatel-Lucent
Commercial
• Shopping
• Healthcare• Remote
monitoring
• Clinical care…
• Building automation
• Services
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Source: Freescale Semiconductor
Source: Amazon
Transportation
• Infotainment
• Navigation
• Safety
• Diagnostics
• Fleet management
• Energy savings
• Driver coaching
• Compliance…
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 12
Source: Intel
Industrial
• Manufacturing
• Resources• Oil & Gas
• Metals & Mining…
• Safety
• Agriculture…
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Source: GE Reports
Source: Vincent Lefebvre
Infrastructure
• Cities• Traffic• Lighting• Parking• Waste mgt…
• Smart Grid• Meters• EV charging…
• Environment• Water quality• Pollution…
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Source: Berkeley Lab
EcosystemNo single technology provider can enable the IoT alone
• Components
• ODMs
• OEMs
• Systems Integrators
• Cloud Services
• Network Services
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Source: IEEE Computer 6/14
Players
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Selected businesses…
• Rapid expansion
• Large and small
• Very dynamic
ArchitectureTiers and Networks
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Source: Industrial Internet Consortium
Business
ArchitectureComputing and Data
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InsightDataEventsThings
API API
New Businesses
• Event-driven and transactional
• Solutions that cross multiple verticals – APIs and developer communities
• Federated data architectures require strong consistency – data semantics
• Embedded systems• Sensors• Semiconductors• Boards• RT software
• Gateways• Networks• Data centers
• Data Analysis servers• Storage
• User control• Smartphones, tablets, PCs…• Management and query software
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Source: Plat.One
Physical Components
Internet: Web
1000s of bytes
Requires full
Internet devices
TCP
IPv6
Internet of Things:
UDP
6LoWPAN
Optimized
IP access
Device
Layer
Huge overhead,
difficult parsing
Inefficient content
encoding
XML
HTTP
10s of bytes
Efficient
Objects Web Objects
CoAP
TLS DTLS
Efficient Web
Services
Layer
Communication ProtocolsOld and New• Wireless: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cellular (2/3/4G) , Zigbee, Z-Wave, NFC…
• Transport: IPv6
• Application: CoAP, XMPP, RESTful HTML, MQTT, DDS
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Source: Sensinode (ARM)
Standards & ConsortiaPlenty to Choose From!
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Source: eclipse.org
Technology TrendsInnovation Marches On
• Ubiquitous sensors and radios
• Low power & energy harvesting
• Smarter distributed computing• Fog computing
• Event-driven computing
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Source: MC10
Source: Bosch
Source: fogcomputingexpo.com
Barriers to Adoption: Security & Privacy
• Security:• Service attacks
• Identity & access management
• Encryption
• Secure updates
• Privacy:• Minimum data
• Encrypted
• Data ownership
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 23
Source: ForgeRock
Barriers to Adoption: Regulations & Standards
• Do Smart Devices Need Regulation?• Legislators around the world will consider need and extent
• Technology evolution goes much faster
• Country or local decisions – complexity from factory or field SKU configuration
• Several standards will coexist• Objects will speak in foreign tongues between industry silos
• Translation software services needed to connect silos (gateway, multi-stack)
• Familiar obstacles… (e.g. wireless networking industry)
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TransformationCAUTION: Disruptions!
• Higher efficiency
• New ways of doing things
• Fast pace of change
Benefits and stress
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Source: HBR
Business Transformation Example
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Source: Accenture
Business Model Evolution
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Source: Accenture
Take-AwaysHuge Opportunities
• Everything is data…
Every business is becoming an information business
• Lots of activity in progress, even more ahead…
With usual pains and failures of new technology cycles
• With lots of business value to come…
Until the next technology cycle
For further inquiries, please contact: Vincent Lefebvre, [email protected] – vclefebvre.workfolio.com
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Ancillary Charts
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Primary Information Sources[1] “Imagineering and Internet of Anything”, IEEE Computer, Jun 2014
[2] “Internet of Things, Making SENSE of the next mega-trend”, Goldman Sachs, Jun 2014
[3] “Introducing Azure Stream Analytics”, Microsoft, 2014
[4] “The IoT, an update”, Silicon Valley Bank, Apr 2014
[5] “IoT 2014” report, Copperberg Research,
[6] “Google wants to advance the IoT, offer grants…”, Paul Sawers, venturebeat.com, Dec 2014
[7] “IoT, Demystifying the ecosystem – An investment thesis”, Yashwanth Hemaraj
[8] “ABCs of IoT Consortiums”, Ian Skerrett, Eclipse.org, Dec 2014
[9] “Internet of Things, an industry influence study”, Appinions, Jul 2014
[10] “Android powered IoT”, Alexandru Iovanovici, Politechnica university of Timisoara
[11] “Security in the Internet of Things”, Victor Ake, Forgerock, Nov 2014
[12] “The unbearable lightness of M2M forecasting”, Mac Jadoul, ALU, Dec 2014
[13] “Growth of the IoT”, www.theconnectivist.com/2014/05/infographic-the-growth-of-the-internet-of-things, May 2014
[14] “Developing Solutions for the IoT” , Intel, 2014 – intel.com/iot
[15] “Industrial Internet of Things, Driving unconventional growth”, Accenture, Jan 2015
[16] GE Software
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IoT Growth
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IoT Growth
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Source: Intel
IoT in Retail
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Source: Bosch
Source: Estimote
Industrial Internet
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 34
Source: Bosch
A European view of the Industrial IoT markets…
Smart City
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Source: Cisco
Upcoming rain ->• Schedules adjusted
• Traffic flow optimized
• Road slickness mitigation
• Street lighting adjusted…
Infrastructure
• Cities• Traffic• Lighting• Parking• Waste mgt…
• Smart Grid• Meters• EV charging…
• Environment• Water quality• Pollution…
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 36
Source: Libelium
Transportation and Smart CitiesCompound Application Example
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 37
GE Examples
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Source: GE Software
Some examples of how the powerful combination of big machines and big data can have real world positive influences include:
• Power FlexEfficiency: Uses data sensors and data science to produce up to 10% greater turbine power output
• Wind PowerUp: Produces up to 5% additional power for wind farms
• Flight Efficiency Services: Results in reductions of up to 1,600 lbs CO2 emission per flight and gains of up to 2% fuel efficiency using flight and operational data
• Rail Trip Optimizer: Produces up to 10% emissions reduction and up to 10% energy savings with a sophisticated optimization solution for rail
• Water & Process Technologies InSight™: Enables industrial companies to reuse municipal wastewater instead of fresh water to meet the demand for cooling
The Power of One Percent
9/23/2015 Introduction to the Internet of Things -- Vincent Lefebvre 39
IoT Reference Model
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Source: Cisco Systems, IoT World Forum
IoT Service Layers
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Source: Intel
Unlicensed Wireless Spectrum
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ApplicationProtocols
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Source: Electronic Design, RTI, IoT Developers Conf. 2014
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IoT Analytics Pipeline Example
Source: InfoWorld
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Market Map: Enabling Devices
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Source: Mooreland Partners
Value Creation from Interactions
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Source: Harbor Research
Final Thought
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Source: Alcatel-Lucent
