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Sevilay Altintas, MD, PhD Staff member at the multidisciplinary breast clinic, gynecological oncology and urogenital oncology, Antwerp University Hospital. Belgium Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie 31 januari 2020

Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

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Page 1: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Sevilay Altintas, MD, PhD

Staff member at the multidisciplinary breast clinic, gynecological oncology and urogenital oncology, Antwerp University Hospital. Belgium

Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde

Oncologie

31 januari 2020

Page 2: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Incidentie

In 2017, 68.702 new diagnoses of cancer were registered in Belgium

The disease affects approximately 1/3 men and 1/4 women before they reach the age of 75.

Cancer mainly affects older people. Respectively 67% of women and 79% of men are aged 60 years or older when diagnosed.

Page 3: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Incidentie

• 03

Cancer Statistics 2019

Page 4: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Oorzaak van kanker: theorieën

Kanker = combinatie van genetische en epigenetische afwijkingen in hetgenoom van de cel

Carcinogenese = complex proces dat verschillend verloopt voorverschillende tumoren

- chemische, fysische en biologische noxen;

- genetische eigenschappen van het individu spelen een modulerende rol

Page 5: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Een aantal begrippen

• Transformatie = celveranderingen onttrekken aan normale groeiregulerendmechanismen

• Mutatie = verandering in base-paar compositie van DNA

• Oncogenese = proces van ontstaan van maligne tumoren

• Carcinogenese = ontstaan van maligne tumoren

• Carcinogene factoren = omgevingsfactoren, die een rol spelen bij het ontstaan

• Mutagene factoren = factoren die afwijkingen in het genoom induceren

• Initiatie = proces dat in het genoom mutaties induceert

Page 6: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Het ontstaan van kanker (carcinogenese)

• De meeste tumoren ontstaan door omgevingsfactoren. Een veel kleiner aantal is het gevolg van erfelijke afwijkingen in het genoom.

• Het is gebleken dat niet één enkele, maar meer afwijkingen (mutaties) in het genoom van de cel nodig zijn om een cel te transformeren tot een tumorstamcel.

• Carcinogenese is dus een meerstapsproces. Daarbij spelen ook gastheerfactoren een rol (bv. hormonale of immunologische factoren).

Page 7: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Oorzaken

M. Peeters

Voeding Leeftijd

Overgewicht Familie

Tabak Voorgeschiedenis

Alcohol

Beroepsfactoren,

fysische (stralen) en

biologische (virussen)

carcinogenen

Milieu Verontreiniging

Page 8: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

M. Peeters

oorzaken van darmkanker: de leeftijd

Page 9: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

M. Peeters

oorzaken van darmkanker: de familie

Hoog (5 – 10 %) Verhoogd (15 – 20 %) Globaal (75 %)

Lynch SyndroomFamiliaal, Persoonlijke

voorgeschiedenis

3.5 %Familial Polyposis Coli IBD (colitis)

Centrum voor GeneticaPopulatie Screening

Page 10: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid
Page 11: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Screening

• Screening is het onderzoeken van een in principe gezonde populatie om asymptomatische gevallen van een ziekte of

aandoening op het spoor te komen, in de veronderstelling dat deze aandoening in een vroeg stadium misschien beter te

behandelen is. Screening op zoek naar ziekten in een vroeg stadium valt onder de secundaire preventie van ziekten. Om voor

screening in aanmerking te komen moet een aandoening aan een aantal voorwaarden voldoen:

• Er moet een test bestaan met een hoge specificiteit en sensitiviteit, zodat het percentage fout-positieven laag is, evenals het

percentage fout-negatieven.

• De aandoening in kwestie moet een asymptomatisch voorstadium hebben.

• De aandoening moet bij behandeling in een vroeg stadium een duidelijke betere prognose hebben dan bij latere ontdekking.

• De test mag zelf niet tot merkbare ziekte of bijwerkingen aanleiding geven

• Het onderzoek moet betaalbaar zijn (er moeten in relatie tot de kosten van het onderzoek voldoende vaak gevallen worden

gevonden om het de moeite waard te maken).

Page 12: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

M. Peeters

♀ + ♂, 50-74 jaar Post Huisarts

Screenning

Page 13: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

In 2016 werden 571.034 Vlamingen uitgenodigd, waarvan er 54,5 % deelgenomen hebben. Bij 6,6 % bleek de test afwijkend te zijn.In 2017 daalde de deelname tot 51,757 op 1000 mensen hebben afwijkend stoelgangtest

Page 14: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Screenning

• Borstkankerscreening elke 2 jaren Mammografie vanaf 50-69 j

• Baarmoederhalsscreening elke 3 jaren vanaf 25-64 j

• Longkankerscreening (Low dose CT)

• Prostaatkankerscreening

Page 15: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Oncologische Behandelingsstrategieen

CHIRURGIE ORGAAN GERICHT SYSTEMISCH

primaire tumor RFA, RadioFrequentieAblatie

chemotherapie

(platinumderivaten,

anthracyclines, ea)

metastasen chemoembolisatie

drug eluting beads

doelgerichte therapie

(TKI, Antilichamen)

radioembolisatie

(tomo) radiotherapie

Page 16: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

M. Peeters

Doelstelling

Curatief

Palliatief

OS

OS

QOL

- Adjuvante therapie

- Neo-adjuvante

Page 17: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Behandeling colorectaal carcinoom

M. Peeters

Combinaties Monotherapie

• De Gramont • 5-Fluorouracil +/- Folinic Acid

• Folfox, Capox • Capecitabine, UFT

• Folfiri • Cetuximab, Panitumumab

• Beva, Aflib + Chemotherapy • Irinotecan

• EGFRi + Chemotherapy • Regorafenib

Chemotherapie Biologicals

• 5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabine • Bevacizumab

• Oxaliplatin • Aflibercept

• Irinotecan • Regorafenib

• Mitomycin C • Cetuximab

• Panitumumab

Page 18: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Metastatisch

Beperkt

Resecabel Neo-Adjuvant

MogelijksResectabel

Inductie

Diffuus Palliatief

Page 19: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Neoadjuvante chemotherapie

• Identificatie van patiënten die zullen reageren op de ingestelde behandeling• Gevoeligheid ingestelde therapie

• Biologie van tumor

• In vivo test voor nieuwe moleculaire therapie

• Borstsparende chirurgie/Cosmetica bij borstca

• Inoperabel Operabel (bv levermeta’s)

• Bij non-responders therapie aanpassen en bijsturen

Page 20: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Neoadjuvante chemotherapie

Page 21: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Beoordeling van therapie

Page 22: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

M. Peeters

PATIENT

Huisarts

Patholoog

Radiotherapeut

Radioloog

Nuclearist

Chirurg

Oncoloog

Andere

Multidisciplinair Oncologisch Consult

Therapeutische Beslissing

Page 23: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Conventional Cancer therapy

• Surgery

• Chemotherapy

• Radiotherapy

Based on classical clinicopathological featuresTumorgrade, tumorsize, age…

Page 24: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Interindividual Variability

One size fits all?

Page 25: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Treatment Strategies related to Cancer Function

Page 26: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Multipathway inhibition

Page 27: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Personalized Medicine

Page 28: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Biomarkers: Definition

• Biomarker: A distinctive biological or biologically derived indicator of a process, event, or condition.

• Prognostic biomarkers: biomarkers that provide information aboutthe patients overall cancer outcome, regardless of therapy

• Predictive biomarkers: Biomarkers that can be used in advance of therapy to estimate response or survival of a specific patient on a specific treatment compared with another treatment

Page 29: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Biomarkers: definition

• Predictive biomarkers

• Identify patients who will/will not respond to treatment

• Goal: Enrich treatment population to maximize benefit and minimize costs

Page 30: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Metastatisch

RAS

Wild Predictief

Mutant Predictief

BRAF

Wild Prognose

Mutant Prognose

Target & Trends in de Oncologie – gepersonaliseerd

Page 31: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

The Efficacy of Targeted Therapy Is Affected by . . .

Page 32: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Tumor heterogeneity

IMPORTANCE OF MULTIPLE BIOPSIES OF MULTIPLE SITES IN CASE OF RECURRENT DISEASE

Page 33: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Molecular subtypes (Predictive markers) of breast cancer and their targets

Page 34: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Farmacogenomics: PARP inhibitors in BRCA mutated BC and ovarian cancer

Many trials running with PARPi in BC and OC with longlasting responses

Page 35: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Her-2 positive breast cancer

Her-2 overexpressing BC: poorly differentiated tumorshigh proliferative ratepositive axillary lymph nodesdecreased expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. increased risk of disease recurrence and death

Page 36: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Other anti-HER therapy

Page 37: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Evolution HER-2 therapy in breast cancer

Page 38: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Farmacodynamics: Molecular imaging

Page 39: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

89 Zr-trastuzumab-PET/CT

Page 40: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Farmacodynamics: blood-based markers

Page 41: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

CTC’s in Breast Cancer patients

Mario Giuliano et al. Breast Cancer Research, 2014

Page 42: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

ctDNA

• virtually all cancers carry

somatic DNA mutations

• dying tumor cells release small

pieces of their DNA into the

bloodstream

• patient-friendly method for the

detection, monitoring and

treatment of cancer

• ctDNA can correlate with the

stage of cancer

• Prognostic/Predictive

Page 43: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

ctDNA

Bettegowda et al. Sci Trasl. Med. May 2014

Page 44: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Diagnosis

Treatment Response Relapse

Circulating tumor cells

Circulating tumor DNA

CT/PET scan

CTCs

and

ctD

NA leve

ls in

plasm

a

Tum

or burd

en

Disease Progression in time (from diagnosis to relapse)

Rolfo, Castiglia, Russo, Peeters et al. In press 2014

‘Vloeibare Biopsie’

Target & Trends in de Oncologie – gepersonaliseerd

Page 45: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Immunotherapy

Page 46: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

(Cancer)Immunotherapy

Page 47: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Immunotherapy

Page 48: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid
Page 49: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Long-term data from the CheckMate 067 study

Page 50: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Estimated Frequency of NTRK Fusions Across Tumor Types

Hong. ESMO Asia Congress 2016. Abstr 1500.

NTRK Fusion Frequency

< 5% of patients 5% - 25% of patients > 75% of patients

CNS Astrocytoma Brain low-grade glioma Glioblastoma

GI CRC Cholangiocarcinoma GIST Pancreatic cancer

Head and Neck Squamous cell

carcinoma

Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell

neuroendocrine

Other Acute myeloid leukemia Breast cancer Melanoma Sarcoma

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma

Papillary thyroid cancer

Pontine glioma

Spitz tumors

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary gland

Secretory breast carcinoma

Infantile fibrosarcoma

Page 51: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Larotrectinib in a Pediatric Patient With ETV6-NTRK3 Fusion–Positive Secretory Breast Cancer

Shukla. JCO Precis Oncol. 2017;2017.

Page 52: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

First TRK Fusion–Positive Cancer Treated With Larotrectinib

• 42-yr-old female with LMNA-NTRK1fusion soft tissue undifferentiated sarcoma

• Treated with epirubicin, ifosfamide, and sorafenib prior to resection and doxorubicin while awaiting study entry

• Received 100 mg BID larotrectinib

• Resolution of dyspnea and hypoxemia and confirmed partial response

Doebele. Cancer Discov. 2015;5:1049. Hong. ESMO Asia 2016. Abstr. 1500.

Baseline Study Cycle 13 Day 1

Study Cycle 3 Day 1

Page 53: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Larotrectinib Efficacy in Patient With ETV6-NTRK3 Infantile Fibrosarcoma

• 2-yr-old female patient with infantile fibrosarcoma

• Previously received 2 cycles of vincristine/actinomycin-D/cyclophosphamide and continued to progress

• Leg amputation was remaining alternative option

• Received 4 cycles of larotrectinib followed by surgery

• Pathologic complete response, clear margins, and no functional deficit following surgery

Hyman. ASCO 2017. LBA2501.

Baseline Cycle 3

Page 54: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

1980 1990 2020

Times have changed...

EMPIRICAL ONCOLOGY MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY

Page 55: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Our New Way to Work . . . Molecular Tumor Board

Molecular Tumor Board

Patient case is derived from his doctor

Mol. Pathol PediatGeneticistOncologist Gyneco Thorax

Molecular Tumor BoardReport with therapeutic

proposal

Referral Doctor Discussion

Nav. nurse

Page 56: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

• Evolving therapeutic concepts in oncology basedon molecular biology understanding

- Precision medicine

- Cancer immunotherapy

From clinical oncology to molecular and immunological therapeutic approaches

Chemotherapy

Molecular-targeted agents

Immunotherapy

Evolving cancer treatments and concepts

Page 57: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Data Tsunami

Page 58: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Clinical trials and

collaboration

Page 59: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Traditional vision of Drug Development

Courtesy of David Hong

Page 60: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

The inverted Pyramid of Biomarker-Driven Trials

Garrido-Laguna et al, Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011

Page 61: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Research

Clinical Trials

Collaboration and Sharing Experiences

Page 62: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

TKI and toxicity profile

RTK

nRTK

Page 63: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Skin rash

A Typical Rash Associated With EGFR TK

Inhibitors.A Typical Rash Associated With PI3K

Inhibitors.

Page 64: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Onycholysis and Paronychia

Page 65: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Hand foot syndrome

Page 66: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Pulmonary toxicity: Noninfectious Pneumonitis

• mTOR inhibitors: 14-45%

Page 67: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Dermatologic Toxicity: Cutaneous squamous cell cancer/keratoacanthoma

Page 68: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Conclusion

“ I stopped taking the medication because I prefer the original

disease to the side effects”

Diarree

Page 69: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid

Dosing

Appropriate/Optimal individual dose

Maximum

Efficacy Duration

of treatment

as long as clinical

benefit is observed

Management

of side effects

Pro-active approach +

close monitoring of

the patient

USE OF THE AGENT WITH THE HIGHEST EFFICACY Improves

tumor/disease control before resistance occurs

MAXIMIZING EFFICACY

Individualizing treatment

Individual Dose management

1. Negrier .Oncology 2012 Mar 21 vol 82(4) 189-196

Page 70: Interuniversitair postgraduaat onderwijs Heelkunde Oncologie · Pancreatic cancer Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma Lung Adenocarcinoma Large cell neuroendocrine Other Acute myeloid