Interoperability Standards

802.21, UMA/GAN 802.11u Industry Standards

Interoperability Overview

• Motivation• 802.21• GAN/UMA• 802.11u• Industry Standards

3G WWAN3G WWAN

Different Networks Available in Different Areas

HomeHome

AirportAirport

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6

Zone 7 Zone 9WiMAXWiMAX Zone 8 WiMAXWiMAX

Radio StateRadio State3G WWAN

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

GPS

Radio StateRadio State3G WWAN

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

GPS

Radio StateRadio State3G WWAN

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

GPS

Radio StateRadio State3G WWAN

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

GPS

Radio StateRadio State3G WWAN

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

GPS

Radio StateRadio State3G WWAN

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

GPS

Radio StateRadio State3G WWAN

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

GPS

IEEE 802.21 for Network DiscoveryIEEE 802.21 for Network DiscoveryIEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service IEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN WiWi--Fi Fi WiMAX)WiMAX)802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi--Fi Fi WiMAX)WiMAX)VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN WiWi--Fi)Fi)

Plug into power jack Wakeup Wi-FiContinue over Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi Link Going Down.

Operator initiated switch to WiMAXContinue session on WiMAXShutdown Wi-Fi

Connect to Wi-Fi

Battery level lowShutdown WiMAXSwitch to 3G WWAN

Wakeup Wi-Fi

Continue session on Wi-Fi

Operating on 3G WWAN

Continue session on 3G WWAN

V. Gupta, “IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER,” IEEE 802.21 session #15 July 17, 2006

Operators Approaches

Similar views may exist as mentioned for mobile operatorsThe opinion depends on whether VHO is used for attracting new customers or for defending the old customer base.

Here the view may depend on whether target is to have different or the same service portfolio for old fixed and mobile customers Thus several opinions probably exist.

Fixed & MobileOperators

Fixed & MobileOperators

Mobile OperatorsMobile Operators

Cable & Fixed Operators ,

MVNOs

Cable & Fixed Operators ,

MVNOs

Operator with smaller customer base may have following view:Any WLAN access point can be allowed for VHO.Allowing access anywhere will attract more customers.

While operator with already large customer base may think:Allow only WLAN APs at customers’ homes for VHO access, to ensure that cellular revenues are also maintained.Reason could be that access pricing is defined lower than in cellular.

Operators may have different views on where the WLAN APs are allowed to be used for UMA access

I, Niva, “UMA – “Unlicensed Mobile Access” on the way to VoIP” Wireless Cities Conference06

Handover Standards

IEEE

802.11r802.16e

3GPP/2

VCC I-WLANSAE-LTE

Horizontal Handovers

IP Mobility & Handover Signaling

Inter-working & Handover Signaling

IEEE802.21

IETF

MIPFMIP

SIP

HIPNETLMM

DNA MIPSHOP

V. Gupta, “IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER,” IEEE 802.21 session #15 July 17, 2006

802.21

Media Independent Handover (MIH)

802.21 Motivation• Incorrect Network Selection

– Ability of a device to choose it’s connection was hopeless. You could often connect at L2, but not at the network layer. The PC would often connect to the wrong one of many available APs, based on signal strength criteria alone.

• Increasing number of interfaces on devices – Problem could extend to cover multiple

interfaces.• Various fast handover mechanisms in IETF

– MIPv4, FMIPv6• IETF anticipated L2 constructs in

standardized form – Triggers, events, hints etc, but 802 was not

providing them in a standard form or a media independent form

March2003

CFI.

802 Handover

ECSG Formed by

SEC

PAR & 5C

SubmissionInitial WG Meeting

EC PAR Approval

May2003

Jan2003

802 Handover Tutorial

July2003

Sept2003

Nov2003

Jan2004

p ii p pi i

First Meeting of

ECSG

Mar2004

p

http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21- IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

My DeskUndocked & walking around

Headed out of the building

802.3802.11802.16

Internet

802.21: Key Services

Link Layer TriggersState Change

PredictiveNetwork Initiated

Network InformationAvailable NetworksNeighbor MapsNetwork ServicesHandover Commands

Client InitiatedNetwork Initiated

Vertical Handovers

802.21 uses multiple services to Optimize Vertical Handovers

802.21 MIH Function

Protocol and Device Hardware

Applications (VoIP/RTP)

Connection Management

WLAN Cellular WMAN

L2 Triggers and Events

Information Service

Mobility Management Protocols

Smart Triggers

Information Service

Handover Messages

Handover Management

Handover Policy

Handover Messages IE

EE 8

02.2

1IE

TF

http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

Media specific Amendments

•MIH Protocol (MAC independent messages) defined in 802.21•Container for MIH messages for 802.11 defined in 802.11u•Container for MIH messages for 802.16 defined in 802.16g•Working with 3GPP-SAE for 3GPP specific changes•Transport for MIH Protocol defined in IETF (MIPSHOP)

Media specific changes closely follow base protocol http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

802.21 Information

Server

Media Independent Information Service

WMAN

WLAN

WWAN

Network Type

SSID/ Cell ID

BSSID Operator Security NW Channel QoS Physical Layer

Data Rate

GSM 13989 N/A AT&T NA NA 1900 N/A N/A 9.6 kbps

Network Type

SSID/ Cell ID

BSSID Operator Security NW Channel QoS Physical Layer

Data Rate

GSM 13989 N/A AT&T NA NA 1900 N/A N/A 9.6 kbps

802.11b Intel 00:00:… Intel .11i EAP- PEAP

6 .11e OFDM 11 Mbps

Network Type

SSID/ Cell ID

BSSID Operator Security EAP Type

Channel QoS Physical Layer

Data Rate

GSM 13989 N/A Oper-1 NA NA 1900 N/A N/A 9.6 Kbps

802.11n Enterpris e

00:00:… Oper-2 .11i EAP- PEAP

6 .11e OFDM 100 Mbps

802.16e NA NA Oper-3 PKM EAP- PEAP

11 Yes OFDM 40 Mbps

Global Network Map•List of Available Networks

- 802.11/16/22, GSM, UMTS•Link Layer Information

- Neighbor Maps•Higher Layer Services

- ISP, MMS, ….

802.21 Overview

http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

Types of Handover Based on Control Model

•Terminal Controlled• Terminal makes use of some MIH services

•Terminal Initiated, Network Assisted• Terminal makes use of MIH Information Service

•Network Initiated and Network Controlled• Network makes use of MIH Event and Command Service, plus Information Service knowledge, to decide if handover is needed/desired, to decide the target, and to command the terminal to handover

http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

UMA

UMA Overview• UMA allows to access the

mobile voice and data services of the cellular network over a Wireless LAN

• Subscribers are enabled to roam and handover between cellular networks and wireless networks

http://www.umatoday.com

UMA Architecture• Mobile devices access the Core Network through Unlicensed Mobile

Access Network (UMAN). • UMAN has 3 major entities

– Unlicensed wireless network – IP access network – UMA Network controller (UNC)

• UNC authorizes and authenticates the Mobile devices for accessing the Core Network

http://www.umatoday.com

UMA Security

• Authentication – Authenticate MS with UNC to make secure

tunnel– Based GSM or UMTS credentials – Protocol of authentication is IKEv2– GSM : EAP-SIM or UMTS : EAP-AKA– Mutual Authentication of MS and Mobile

Network – Session Key Generation – IK and CK

802.11u

Interworking with External Networks

802.11u

• Standard out in 2009• Specifically addresses handoffs where user not

preauthorized (generally because from another network)

• Major Topics– Network Selection – Emergency Call support – Authorization from Subscriber Network, – Media Independent Handover Support

• Supporting information and control messages of 802.21

Network Selection• STA (clients) need to know the roaming suitability before

authenticating/associating (in state-1) with the AP• Roaming information of various hotspots is not scalable to be configured on

the client• Roaming information includes

– Is this WLAN suitable for roaming?– What is the SSID that client to connect?

• Who provides this information?– The home network (called SSPN in TGu terminology) or– A trusted source that has this roaming information

• But could the home SSPN be located far away?• How is the query routed/switched to the destination?• What are the query semantics used?

http://www.cs.tut.fi/kurssit/TLT-6556/Slides/Lecture4.pdf

E-911 call• Intended to provide normal service on unlicensed

network• Support e911 STA calls without authentication

credentials – Access control limited to only e911 calls– Authorized STA is straightforward– Location information not available, but may be available in

task group v• Public User Credentials

– Allow WPA capable SSID to support e911 calls– A well known public user id (NAI) is used for dummy

authentication– AAA server downloads restricted e911 policy to AP to

restrict traffic– Draft standard does not discuss security keys for

encryption– EBR in QoS Setup

• Open Auth SSID– Special SSID without any security support is configured

for emergency– Simple MAC level solution, with no AAA involvement =>

Applicable for certain situations– Open auth association but AP may configure this SSID to

only use a certain VLAN destined for emergency use only EBR in QoS Setup

Other Handoff/Interoperability Standards

VCC• Status

– Initiated within 3GPP in June 2005– 2006 through requirements, has only fully completed the requirements stage,

• Different technologies agree to virtual channel– Joint control impossible

• Some argue inferior to UMA– http://www.kineto.com/products/downloads/kineto_wp_UMA_VCC_2007.pdf

• Some argue better than UMA– http://www-hk.huawei.com/publications/view.do?id=1480&cid=2622&pid=127

http://www.kineto.com/products/downloads/kineto_wp_UMA_VCC_2007.pdf

Other Cellular + WiFi• Seamless Converged Communication Across

Network (SCCAN)– Motorola, Proxim, Avaya – Enterprise solutions– http://www.sccan.org/

• Mobile Integrated Go-to-Market Network IP Telephony Experience (Mobile IGNITE)– Vendor driven solution– http://www.bridgeport-

networks.com/partners/mobileignite.html• Wireless Wireline Convergence Working Group

– Alcatel, Cisco (International Packet Communications Consortium)

– http://www.packetcomm.org/index.shtml• Bottom line

– Even for standard convergence type activities there’s many different emerging standards.

– Need for special radios to navigate standards?

Mobile IGNITE

http://www.spectralink.com/products/image s/NL-01.gif

Interoperability Summary• Proliferation of standards +

lack of silver bullet standard means that optimal access technology will vary

• Supporting growth in use of VoIP will make networks less dependent on particular access technologies

• Biggest issues are:– Getting industries to agree

(Herding cats)– Managing security across

heterogeneous networks– Harmonizing handoff routines

• 802.21 is the standard that ties together the vertical handoff standards

• More information–Talk tonight (Oct 4) in Charlottesville on 802.21

–6:00 PM: Social hour - Pizza & soda sponsored by Tyco Electronics

–7:00 PM: Speaker Vivek Gupta - Intel Corporation

–Where: University of Virginia, Olsson Hall, Room 120

-03-02-01-00-99-98-97-96-95-94-93 -07 e

-92 -04 -05e

-06e

-08 e

Mobile voice trafficFixed voice trafficVoIP traffic

Rapid growth ?Rapid growth ?

Source: Nokia 13.6.2005Technology used to terminate the call