Cognitive radio network (CR)

Prepared by :Ola Mashaqi

Suhad Malayshi

Submitted to Dr. Saed Tarapiah

Topics to be discussed

1 . What is CR Network

2. CR antennas

3. CR mechanism

4. CR network accessibility, adaptively ,scalability , reliability and Interconnectivity

5. How Cognitive Radio Works

5. Cognitive Radios vs. Conventional Radios

6. Cognitive Radio benefits

7. Application of cognitive radio

What is CR Network ?CR able to monitor, sense, and detect the conditions oftheir operating environment, and dynamicallyreconfigure their own characteristics to best matchconditions

those conditionsInterference… path loss.. shadowing …multipath fading

CONT.

CR can be defined as “…a radio that is aware of its surroundings and adapts intelligently”.

Cognitive radio networks, like xG’s xMax system,

represent an innovative approach to wireless engineering in which radios are designed with an unused level of intelligence

intelligence at all the 7 layers of the “OSI” model.

CR uses intelligent signal processing (ISP) at the physical layer of a wireless system and is achieved by combining ISP with software defined radio (SDR)

CR network mechanism

1.Sense -> Sensing antenna

2.Analyze

3.Decide

4.Tune in -> Reconfigurable antenna

CR ANTENNAS

“ Sensing antenna” Wide band antenna whichContinuously monitors The frequency spectrum for activity“ Reconfigurable antenna” narrow-band antenna which

dynamically tune to a specific range within the frequency spectrum to perform data transfer

C. R. Network improve ACCESSIBILITY access various networks and services

C. R. Network improve ADAPTABILITY When user roams across borders, the device performs self-adjustment to stay in submission with local radio operations and emissions regulations.

C. R. Network improve INTERCONNECTIVITY multi-terminal / multi-frequency communication devices.

C. R. Network improve SCALABILITYThe network can potentially scale to large numbers of users

C. R. Network improve RELIABILITY self-configuringmesh wireless networks avoid failure by re-routing around node failures or congestion areas

How Cognitive Radio Works

How Cognitive Radio Works

• Using complex calculations, cognitive radios can identify potential impairments to communications quality in their environment, for example, interference, path loss, shadowing and multipath fading

• They can then adjust their transmitting parameters, such as

power output, frequency, and modulation to ensure an optimized communications experience for users

Cognitive Radios vs. Conventional Radios

Conventional • operating in interference-free

spectrum • Unable to dynamically change

parameters, channels or spectrum bands in response to interference

• View congested radio spectrum as essentially unusable for communications due to heavy interference

Cognitive• function in challenging

conditions

• quickly identify unused “gaps” in spectrum that are not being used

• find and tune to other spectrum if interference is detected on the frequencies being used (example - xMax samples, detects and determines if interference has reached unacceptable levels up to 33 times a second)

Cognitive Radios vs. Conventional Radios

We have to mention …

• xG Technology, Inc is The company developed cognitive radio technology

• xG’s initial product is xMax, a carrier-class cognitive radio Network

• These achievements have been generated by the company’s $100 million plus investment in both its own extensive R&D activity and international partnering efforts

Comparison

Cognitive Radio Benefits

►Designed to meet all FCC

►Able to identify “clean” frequencies, and to quickly tune to those frequencies

►Interference-free operation

►Can adapt dynamically to maximize throughput (and/or range)

►Compact access points (14 simultaneous calls, 6 Mbps raw data rate)

►Easy to engineer and install

Application of cognitive radio

Summary

The term Cognitive Radio was first suggested by prof. Joseph Mitola 1999

controlled by powerful microprocessors which have been programmed to analyze a number of the radio channel parameters.

The key feature of a Cognitive Radio is its ability to recognize theunused parts of spectrum that is licensed to a primary user and adaptits communication strategy to use these parts while minimizingthe interference that it generates to the primary user.

ThanQ