Internet Notes

KITSO XP / Chapter 16 / 1 of 40

Introduction To The InternetIntroduction To The Internet

Chapter 16


ObjectivesObjectivesDefine Internet Define the application areas of InternetExplain World Wide Web and define its

workingExplain File Transfer ProtocolUse Email Understand the requirements for

Internet Connection


InternetInternet

INTERNET is a network of networks. Just as interstate highway system links one city to another, similarly the Internet links thousands of computer networks.


Example-Super LibraryExample-Super Library

This library lends books, audio and video:

Only one item at a timeAny two item at a timeAll the three itemsInternal borrowing among members is also allowed


The InternetThe Internet

Like the library, the Internet is also: ◦Enjoyable◦Varied ◦Interesting

Source of information which can be used by netizens


Uses Of Internet-1Uses Of Internet-1On-line employmentNet BankingOn-line education system Making friends and participating in

a discussionSend and receive electronic

greetings from friends and relativesGo through the catalog of a library


Uses Of Internet -2Uses Of Internet -2

Visit an electronic zoo or museumFind out most popular

programming languagesDownload interesting softwarePublishing your portfolio over the

net


Internet ResourcesInternet Resources

WWW

FTP

Email


The World-Wide Web-1The World-Wide Web-1User-friendlyUniversal database of knowledgeWeb Pages - made up of

Hypertext


The World-Wide Web-2The World-Wide Web-2

Some technical terms:HypertextLinkHTTPBrowserAddress


Technical Terms Technical Terms ConnectionRequestServiceFormattingClientServer


Browsers and The InternetBrowsers and The InternetTo search for information on the

Internet you need a browser and an Internet connection

A browser is a software application that interprets the language of HTML files posted on the Web

Some browsers can also play sound and video clips along with the web pages


Web PagesWeb PagesInformation on the Internet is

available through Web PagesThe most important feature of Web

pages is that you can navigate from one page to another

Navigation is possible between web pages that are connected by hyperlinks

You can insert hyperlinks in any web page to lead a viewer of that page to another page


HyperlinksHyperlinks

Hyperlinks are links created between collections of pages using which you can move to and from pages

A hyperlink is displayed either as text or a graphic

When you click on the hyperlink, you can move to the linked location

Linked pages can be in the same document or multiple documents or in different files on the network or any where on the Internet


How Hyperlinks workHow Hyperlinks work

Every web site and web page has a unique address assigned to it

You can create a hyperlink to any other web page on the World Wide Web by using this address

You have to specify the path and address of the page to link to your web page in hyperlink

The browser reads the address of the page to open and takes the reader to that page


An Internet AddressAn Internet Address

An Internet address is also known as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The address of a web page that you view is found in the Address bar of the browser.

The URL


Parts of an Internet Parts of an Internet AddressAddressA protocol is a set of rules and

standards that allow computers to exchange information e.g. HTTP, FTP

The location shows you where the site is located e.g. the World Wide Web (www)

Organization name gives name of the web site owner who maintains it e.g. Microsoft

The domain type tells you the kind of site it is such as .com, .edu, .org and .gov


Internet Addresses-1 Internet Addresses-1

Code Explanationedu educational facilitycom commercial

organizationgov non-military

government bodymil military concernorg other organization


Internet Addresses-2Internet Addresses-2Code Explanationnet network resourceac academic institutionau Australiain Indiaus United States of Americauk England


Example - RestaurantExample - Restaurant

Menu card - Web DocumentWaiter - BrowserCook - Server


Web transactionWeb transaction

Steps in a web transaction:

Selection of Hyperlink

Connection to server address

Server services the request

Enter web address here


A sample Web PageA sample Web Page


File Transfer ProtocolFile Transfer Protocol

Is a method of:Transferring filesSharing software

Advantages of FTP:SpeedCost EffectiveChoice


EmailEmailMethod to send messages from

one computer to anotherMade up of two parts:

◦The Address◦The Message


Email Addresses-1Email Addresses-1Email addresses similar to postal

addressesPostal Address

Mr. John Smith

101, Sunshine Apts,Duke Street, London,U.K.

Email Address ‘[email protected]’


Email Addresses-2Email Addresses-2

Receiver’s Address


Email Addresses-3Email [email protected]

Made up of three parts:jennybmtuedu


Example-Phone NumberExample-Phone NumberAn email address is similar to a phone number

A phone number is made up of four parts

E.g. ‘001 609 951 9638’Country code for U.S.A.001 : Country code for U.S.A.609 : City code for Princeton951 : Local telephone exchange9638 : The actual phone number


Advantages of e-mailAdvantages of e-mailSpeedMultimediaCost


Disadvantages of e-mailDisadvantages of e-mailCan be sent only to people with

email-idCannot send anything physical


Internet CommunicationInternet Communication

I N T E R N E T

F T PS E R V E R

M A I LS E R V E R

W E BS E R V E R

I N T E R N E T S E R V I C EP R O V I D E R

Y O U

F T PS M T P

H T T P

T C P / I P

R E Q U E S TS E R V I C E


TCP/IP-1TCP/IP-1

TCP/IP is made up of:HTTPFTPSMTP


TCP/IP-2TCP/IP-2


To get connected to a web To get connected to a web page-1page-1

Enter the address www.aptech-worldwide.com



The browser then connects our computer to that of the ISP

This computer then contacts a computer that contains the locations of all the computers whose names end in the ‘com’ code

The exact location of the computer called ‘aptech-worldwide’ is then obtained from there



The server computer at the ISP, connects to the computer called ‘aptech-worldwide’

This computer is then requested for a HTTP document

If the server is free then it sends the page as requested, otherwise it sends a busy signal

If such a signal is received, we should try again after some time




Requirements for an Internet Requirements for an Internet Connection-1Connection-1Computer with Browser SoftwareModem with Communication

SoftwareComputers

◦A PC with 300 Mhz◦32 - 64 Mb RAM◦4.3 GB onwards HDD◦Multimedia Kit


Requirements for an Internet Requirements for an Internet Connection-2Connection-2


SummarySummaryInternet is a big network made up of

network made up of smaller onesWorld Wide Web is a service that

allows the users to access to almost any information that is on the internet

Internet helps us to send our mails through emails and download or upload any information through FTP

Documents

Internet Notes