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Internet Made Easy
Sally Gilstrap
Shasta County Office of Education
W 530.225.0255 H 530.244.4362
Search Engines – Using Boolean
Student Safety
Copyright Laws
Integrating Internet Ideas and Sites
Is the Internet Appropriate?
Identify the standards you are addressing with the lesson.
Is the Internet the best way to meet the standards?
Do you have enough access for all students at various learning stages to be successful?
Would a set of encyclopedias be a better use of time?
When to Integrate Technology
Remedy Identified Weaknesses– Teacher Directed Learning Activities
Discrete Skills Introduced and taught in isolation = Drill and Kill software
– Teacher facilitator and manager
Students: • complete activities
• Create products using High-Level Skills of Critical thinking and Problem Solving
When to Integrate Technology To Promote fluency and Automaticity of
prerequisite skills. Motivate students Optimize scarce resources Technology the Tool – (Computer-assisted design – CAD – does
not teach students how to design a house but allows them to see what the house looks like before building a model.)
Foster Creativity Facilitate self-analysis and metacognition Foster Group Work Communication with others via e-mail Joining discussion groups on a special topic Publishing student work
Planning Technology IntegrationConstructivist Approach Identify the Standards to be met Plan for a grading period Allow enough time Match the assessment to the standard and plan
activity accordingly Introduce the concepts Investigate the concepts and content Produce the Project Present the Project Be Flexible
Lesson Planning SheetBegin with the Assessment and Standards as your focus Title Subject/Grade Level Standards Objectives Activities Materials (Resources, Software, Web,
Hardware) Assessment
What is a Search Engine?
A search engine is a software program that uses electronic Spiders or Robots to search large databases of information to find the web pages you are looking for.
Types of Searching General Search Engine – Uses Spiders and Robots
allows control for specific searches Meta-Search Engine – Uses Spiders and Robots
and searches many General Search Engines all at one time. Some of the more advanced search capabilities of specific General Search Engines may not be available.
Specialized Search Engine – Usually hand selected sites specific to a particular kind of research
General Search Engines
altavista.com excite.com hotbot.com northernlight.com go.com google.com search.com
Meta-Search Engines Ixquick.com metaeureka.com askjeeves.com dogpile.com profusion.com yahoo.com infogrid.com mamma.com savvysearch.com internetsleuth.com
Specialized Search Engines
All-in-one.com Page.com Search.com Beaucoup.com Listzt.com Mailing Lists Mapquest.com
Domain Names .com = commercial .org = organization (usually nonprofit) .edu = educational (connected to a university) .gov = government .mil = military .net = networking provider .k12.ca.us = United States, California, k-12 public
school .uk = United Kingdom
Newsgroups
Newsgroups are discussion groups. They are a combination of fact, philosophy, hints and tips, rational opinion and outright pomposity.
9 main hierarchies to which most newsgroups belong:
Newsgroups see handout
1. comp = computers and technology2. soc = social issues3. sci = science research and applications4. news = updates in all genres of news5. talk = discussion of controversial subjects6. rec = arts, hobbies, sports, travel, etc.7. misc = subjects that do not fit other areas8. alt = alternative (off the beaten track)9. k12 = grade school issueshttp://www.dejanews.com
Before you Search
Think about your topic– What is the question you are trying to answer?
Consider the:– People– Terms– Organizations– Places– Objects
Must – Might – Must NotRefining your search before you begin
Must Might Must Not
List all the words that must match your search – words you want every page to include
Synonyms for relevant terms that might appear on a page you are interested in.
Put words you want excluded. Words that may appear and would NOT yield the results you need.
Boolean Searching
Much database searching is based on the principles of Boolean logic. Boolean logic refers to the logical relationship among search terms, and is named for the British mathematician George Boole.
Boolean logic consists of three logical operators:
• And• Or• Not
Boolean Search
I would like information about college:
College University
OR
OR logic collates the results to retrieve all the unique records containing one term, the other, or both. The more terms or concepts we combine in a search with OR logic, the more records we will retrieve.
Example
Query: I need information about cats. Boolean logic: OR Search: cats OR felines
Doing the search: Use of OR
1. college2. university3. campus4. college or university5. college or university or campus
Number of HITS increaseThe more terms the more HITS
Boolean
I am interested in the relationship between poverty and crime.
And
Poverty Crime
More terms fewer hits!Refines the search!
Example:
Query: I'm interested in dyslexia in adults.
Boolean logic: AND Search: dyslexia AND adults
Boolean - AND
Conduct an AND search of your own:
Boolean
I want information about dogs NOT cats.
Dogs Cats
NOT
Conduct your own search.
Example:
Query: I'm interested in radiation, but not nuclear radiation.
Boolean logic: NOT Search: radiation NOT nuclear
Combine Boolean Logic Query: I want to learn about cat behavior. Boolean logic: OR, AND Search: (cats OR felines) AND behavior Note: Use of parentheses in this search is known as forcing the order of processing. In this case, we surround the OR words with parentheses so that the search engine will first process this part of the search. Next, the search engine with combine this result with the last part of the search. Using this method, we are assured that the OR terms are kept together as a logical unit.
Implied Boolean logic
…refers to a search in which symbols are used to represent Boolean logical operators. In this type of search on the Internet, the absence of a symbol is also significant, as the space between keywords defaults to either OR logic or AND logic. Many well-known search engines traditionally defaulted to OR logic, but as a rule are moving away from the practice. Excite is an example of a search engine that still defaults to OR.
Example:
Query: I need information about cats. Boolean logic: OR Search: cats felines This example holds true for the search
engines that interpret the space between keywords as the Boolean OR. To find out which logic the engine is using as the default, consult the help files at the site.
Example: Query: I'm interested in dyslexia in adults.
– Boolean logic: AND – Search: +dyslexia +adults
Query: I'm interested in radiation, but not nuclear radiation. – Boolean logic: NOT – Search: radiation -nuclear
Query: I want to learn about cat behavior. – Boolean logic: OR, AND – Search: cats felines +behavior
Search Practice Worksheet
Worksheet Practice
And Or Not
Lessons
Social Studies
Abraham Lincoln
Curriculum
Assassinated Presidents
Math
Reading
Language arts
spelling
Glossary of Internet Terms
http://www.matisse.net/files/glossary.html http://www.cnet.com/Resources/Info/Glossa
ry/ http://members.tripod.com/~ethika/glossary
.html
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WEB SITES
Content Accuracy: No Publisher to review Error-free information Current information Updated frequently Recent "last" update Objective, balanced presentation of information Bias-free viewpoints and images
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WEB SITES Correct use of grammar, spelling, and sentence
structure Primary outlink (link that takes you to additional
site) content is relevant, authentic, and appropriate
Authority Expertise/reputation of author/designer Contact information for author/designer Expertise/reputation of host site
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WEB SITES
Appropriateness: Concepts and vocabulary relevant to
students' abilities Information relevant to the North Carolina
K-12 curriculum Interaction compatible with the physical
and intellectual maturity of intended audience
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WEB SITES
Scope: Information of sufficient scope to adequately
cover the topic for the intended audience Logical progression of topics within original site
(site being evaluated) and primary outlinks Information offered not easily available in other
sources
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WEB SITES
Technical Aspects Navigation: Ready access to site; site not overloaded Images load within reasonable timeframe Intuitive icons, menus, and directional symbols
that foster independent use Inlinks (links that take you to locations within the
original site) that allow easy navigation throughout the site
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WEB SITES Standard multimedia formats Logical options for printing/downloading all or
selected text and graphics
Presentation: Site follows good graphic design principles Screen displays uncluttered and concise Captions, labels, or legends for all visuals Legible text and print size appropriate for the
intended audience
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WEB SITES Graphics and art functional, not merely
decorative Information presented through text, motion,
still images, and sound Information presented in a manner to
stimulate imagination and curiosity Product advertising not intrusive
Copyright
Copyright Act of 1976 gives copyright owners the exclusive right to
• Reproduce• Prepare derivative works• Distribute• Perform• Display• Transfer Ownership• Rent• Lend
http://www.copyright.com/About/mission.html
Copyright - The Basics
Creative Works– Exist in a tangible form– Must be creative – not merely factual dataExceptions– Fonts cannot be copyrighted as printed on paper– Nothing created by the US Government can be
copyrighted inside the USCopyright Registration: Not required – anything
written is automatically copyrighted by the author but registration is recommended if you may need to prove your case in court.
Copyright Penalties
Actual Damages – Loss of Revenue Statutory Damages – ($750-$30,000)
– Willful can go up to $150,000
Copyright – educator uses
Public Domain – expired copyright (lifetime of creator + 70
years)– Produced by U.S. Gov’t– Copyright holder puts it in public domain– Material is factual not creative– USED IN A CLASSEOOM IN THE
COURSED OF FORMAL INSTRUCTION
Copyright – educator uses
Fair Use– Teachers CAN quote excerpts in teaching about
a piece of literature. They do not have total freedom to copy.
IF you are copying INSTEAD of purchasing – you will need to ask yourself the following questions.
Copyright – educator uses
Why are you using the material? Is the material factual or creative? Is the use commercial (will you make
money from its use)? Are you copying portions or an entire
work? Is your use replacing the purchase of the
material?
Fair Use Multimedia Time Limit for educators – 2 years (students are
unlimited) 2 copies allowed Motion Media – 10% or 3 minutes of work,
whichever is less Text Material – 10% or 1000 words, whichever is
less Music – 10% or 30 seconds of a composition,
whichever is less. Illustrations/Photographs – OK to use entire
picture. Five images from one artist. No more than 10% or 15 images from collective works.
Copyright/Fair Use Sites
www.libraries.psu.edu/mtss/fairuse/guidelinedoc.html
Some information used with permission by S.shane.
Netiquette and Ethics
You are not dealing with computers you are dealing with people
Do NOT post personal information about anyone…ever
Be Brief Do Not Harass Others Be Careful of Copyright laws Give credit where credit is due
Safe Surfing
Supervision, Supervision, Supervision Parent and Student Sign Internet Use
Agreement Teach proper Net Behavior Bookmark sites – limit free surfing Create your own home page with hot links
to your sites
