International Telecommunication Union Committed to connecting the world IPv6 Work in ITU CTO Forum, Colombo, Sri-Lanka 13 September 2010 Malcolm Johnson

InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

Committed to connecting the world

IPv6 Work in ITU

CTO Forum, Colombo, Sri-Lanka 13 September 2010

Malcolm JohnsonDirector of ITU-TSB


Agenda

Background Concerns on IPv6 as a public policy

issue Related ITU mandate and activities Observation


ITU and International Telecommunication Resource Management 1/2

ITU-T and Telecommunication naming/addressing resources

a function of ITU since 1872 international level – ITU, national level – each

country ITU-T Recommendations:

PSTN ： E.164 and E.164.1 SS7 ： Q.708 for International Signaling

Point Codes (ISPCs) Mobile ： E.212 for International Mobile

Subscription Identities (IMSIs)


ITU and International Telecommunication Resource Management 2/2

ITU-R and Geosynchronous Orbital Position

Orbital position plan with national allotments to guarantee ‘equitable access’ Spectrum set aside for future use by all countries Predetermined orbital position & frequency spectrum

“First Come, First Served” + “coordination before actual usage”

Radio Regulations: a binding international treaty


IP Address Management


Agenda




IPv4 Allocation 1/3

IPv4 allocation per economy as of 15 May 2009


IPv4 Allocation 2/3

IPv4 addresses allocated during 2008

Committed to connecting the world 9

IPv4 Allocation 3/3

# of IPv4 addresses (as of 15 May 2009) (1)

# of Internet users [k] (2008) (2)

# of IPv4 addresses per Internet user

# of IPv4 addresses per person (3)

Internet penetration [%] (2008) (4)

USA 1'458'625'280 230'630.0 6.32 4.68 74.0

UK 87'576'152 46'683.9 1.88 1.43 76.2

France 85'168'064 42'315.4 2.01 1.37 68.2

Japan 170'107'648 95'979.0 1.77 1.34 75.4

China 201'264'896 298'000.0 0.68 0.15 22.3

India 18'577'664 51'750.0 0.36 0.02 4.4

Egypt 2'771'968 13'573.0 0.20 0.03 16.7

Africa 23'714'816 80'903.2 0.29 0.02 8.2

World 2'850'885'432 1'587'419.8 1.80 0.42 23.4

(1) The NRO response to the TSB Questionnaire http://www.nro.net/news/nro-response-to-itu.html(2) ITU ICT EYE (as of 18 March 2010)http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx(3) IPv4 addresses/population, population data from ITU ICT EYE (4) Internet users/population


Diverged Opinions on IPv4 1/2

Some ITU Members believe:IPv4 address distribution correctly

reflects development history and current usage of the Internet


Diverged Opinions on IPv4 2/2

Some other ITU Members, mostly developing countries, feel that:

they have been disadvantaged - paid higher price for v4 addresses

No extra v4 address in stock, forced to be early-adopter of v6

They are more and more concerned that depletion of v4 might further disadvantage them


IPv6

Predicted IPv4 depletion : IANA – 08.2011RIRs – 04.2012

IPv6 Deployment Status:


Internet Number Resource Report

IPv6 ADDRESS SPACEIPv6 ADDRESS SPACEHow much has been allocated to the RIRs?How much has been allocated to the RIRs?

March 2010

Committed to connecting the worldInternet Number Resource Report

IPv6 Allocations RIRs to LIRs/ISPs

How many allocations have been made by each RIR by year?

March 2010


Internet Number Resource Report

IPv6 ALLOCATIONS RIRs to LIRs/ISPs

(Jan 1999 – Mar 2010)

How many total allocations have been made by each RIR?

In terms of /32s, how much total space has each RIR allocated?

March 2010


Diverged Opinions on IPv6

Some believe: IPv6 deployment is driven by market forces

at the economically optimum rateGovernment’s role in IPv6 should limited to

set example to adopt IPv6, but not to set any obligation to the industry.

Others believe: IPv6 deployment is a collective issueSlow uptake is the ‘failure of free market’Governments should intervene by making

policies to provide incentive to encourage IPv6 deployment


Is Scarcity still an issue for IPv6?

Some believe scarcity is still a valid concern IPv6 space is immense, yet still not infiniteEnormous assignment unitExtraordinary generous allocation at current

stage Others believe:

No scarcity issue in at least 50 yearsShould scarcity issue occur in the future,

Internet community will adjust policy accordingly


Equitable Access to IPv6? 1/2

Some are of the view that: ‘First come, First served’ + need

assessment is the proven best method to ensure efficiency

Same principle should apply for IPv6Citing IPv4 experience is misleading,

because RIR system is already in place to ensure ‘equitable access’


Equitable Access to IPv6? 2/2

Others believe, for IPv6 resource policy design, that: If scarcity is not anymore an issue, fairness

should precede efficiency If scarcity is still a valid concern, equitable

access to IPv6 resource by nations should have even higher priority

IPv6 resource should be managed in Country Internet Registry (CIR) model

The reasoning for regional allocation as opposed to central allocation could be seen as arguing in favor of national allocation as opposed to regional allocation


Other Conflicting Opinions

Some governments would like IP address management take into account other considerationsLink IP address to identity to fight

cybersecurity problems (e.g. spam, virus, cyber-attack, cybercrime, identity theft, etc)

To facilitate ‘more reasonable’ international Internet connectivity arrangement

Internet community objects strongly Internet success = free market, anonymity


Agenda



Committed to connecting the world 22

ITU Mandates related to IPv6

Decisions of ITU Membership

WSIS Principles

and outcomes

WSIS - World Summit on the Information Society


WSIS - Equitable access

Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) Report (June 2005) :

“In the light of the transition to IPv6, some countries feel that allocation policies for IP addresses should ensure balanced access to resources on a geographical basis.” (paragraph 22)

“Transition to IPv6 should ensure that allocation policies for IP addresses provide equitable access to resources.” (paragraph 77)

Background Report of WGIG: “Others have argued that, …, a review of the current numbering

management is required to ensure equitable distribution of resources and access for all into the future.” (Paragraph 85)

“Some governments have the position that the allocation of IP numbers, or some subset of these numbers, should be under the sovereignty of national governments and should be managed via a national Internet registry (NIR). ” (Paragraph 85)

“ensuring more balanced use of the IPv4 space, correcting the unbalanced distribution of IP numbers and sustainable transformation of the IP addressing system to IPv6.” (paragraph 105)


WSIS - Governmental involvement

Background report of WGIG (2005):

“There is a lack of a global mechanism for participation by Governments, especially from developing countries, in addressing multisectoral issues related to global Internet policy development.” (paragraph 19)

there is currently limited involvement of either governments or civil society in the policy making or practical management of IP addresses, although generally RIRs encourage such groups to participate in RIR policy development. (paragraph 85)

The Tunis Agenda for the Information Society recognized: “that all governments should have an equal role and

responsibility for international Internet governance” (paragraph 68).

the need for enhanced cooperation in the future, to enable governments, on an equal footing, to carry out their roles and responsibilities, in international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet (paragraph 69)


ITU Resolutions


Standardization 1/2

ITU-T study on ‘Impacts of IPv6 into the Next Generation Network (NGN)’ – mainly in SG 13 Q.7

Y.2051: General overview of IPv6-based NGN

Y.2052: Framework of multi-homing in IPv6-

based NGN

Y.2053: Functional requirements for IPv6

migration in NGN

Y.2054: Framework to support signalling for

IPv6-based NGN


Standardization 2/2

ITU-T SG13 Roadmap for future IPv6 StandardsDraft Title Target

Y.ipv6-object Framework of Object Mapping using IPv6 in NGN End of 2010

Y.ipv6split Framework of ID/LOC separation in IPv6-based NGN End of 2010

Y.ipv6-vmh Framework of Vertical Multi-homing in IPv6-based NGN End of 2010

Y.ipv6-na Functional requirement for network access in IPv6-based NGN End of 2010

Y.ipv6-migration Roadmap for IPv6 Migration from NGN Operators’ Perspectives End of 2010

Y.ipv6-Transport Transport Stratum Extension in IPv6-based NGN TBD

Y.ipv6-Service Service Stratum Extension in IPv6-based NGN TBD

Y.ipv6-interworking Interworking with heterogeneous networks in IPv6-based NGN TBD

Y.ipv6-adhoc Framework of ad-hoc network in IPv6-based NGN TBD


WTSA-2008 Resolution 64

‘IP address allocation and encouraging the deployment of IPv6’

project to assist developing countries website on IPv6 training activities study IPv6 address allocation and

registration


ITU-T Study Group 3 meeting

(19-23 Jan. 2009) Many developing countries had requested

that the TSB become an additional registry for IP addresses so that countries could have the option of obtaining IP addresses directly from ITU.

This request should be evaluated and its advantages and disadvantages should be reported in the study that the Director of TSB is instructed to present to Council 2009 (Resolution 64).


Assisting Developing Countries ITU IPv6 Project led by ITU-BDT Objectives

understand the regional needs of developing countries

raise awareness encourage deployment and create joint programs

between developing country members with similar agenda

to facilitate the adoption of IPv6 in the world. Key elements:


Studies as requested by WTSA Res. 64

Country Internet Registry (CIR) A Study on IPv6 Address Allocation and Distr

ibution Methods by NAv6, Universiti Sains Malaysia, impact of CIRs to the global routing table.

Economic Factors in IP Policy DesignEconomic Factors in the Allocation of IP Add

resses by Prof. Milton Mueller

Transferable Address Block Lease (TABL): provider-independent blocks (/48~/32) at a fee, no ‘need assessment’


Secretariat Discussions

ICANN, RIPE-NCC, ITU (mid 2009) cooperation to help developing

countries: awareness-raising on IPv6 urgency Training on IPv6 policy capacity building

a global policy proposal suggested Draft by ITU, follow the RIR policy process Reserve an IPv6 block for future needs of

developing countries


ITU 2009 Council Decision

Approved DirTSB recommendation to create a joint ITU-T/D Group on IPv6, to

Draft the global policy proposal Study

‘equitable access’ to IPv6 resource Should ITU become another Internet Registry? How

ITU should manage a reserved IPv6 block? Should the CIR model be recommended to those

countries requesting it? Assist the implementation of the ITU IPv6 project

Open to Internet Community


IPv6 Group 1/3

1st meeting on 15-16 March 2010 Emphasized:

Problem/failure of current system needs to be identified first

Solution within the existing system first Only after failure of current system has been

proven, any other arrangement, such as involvement of ITU in the IP address allocation, should be considered.

Two Correspondence Groups setup: CG1 to implement the project to encourage IPv6

deployment CG2 to further identify/study issues related to IP

address management policy/system


IPv6 Group 2/3

CG1 hasn’t provided much guidance to the ITU Project document on capacity building for IPv6

CG2 had active discussions, but concerns/issues raised were considered by the majority of contributors as out of its Terms of Reference. It concluded that there was no technical issues identified with the current system.


IPv6 Group 3/3

2nd meeting on 1-2 Sept 2010 Continue work on the ITU capacity

building Project in a group coordinated by ITU-BDT

CG2 was put in dormant Consult Internet technical community

(IETF/IAB, NRO, ICANN) on Syria contribution ‘problems & solutions’ (C19) Concerns on ‘IPv4 issues’ raised by Saudi

Arabia (TD14) NAv6 study on the Country Internet Registry

model (TD3) 3rd meeting on 7-8 April 2011, in ITU,

Geneva, Switzerland


Agenda




Observations 1/2

Development of Internet is at a critical moment

IPv6 could be a ‘market failure’ if solely rely on industry initiative

Governments and inter-governmental organizations are asked to play their respective roles


Observations 2/2

ITU could help to get all 192 Member States involved

However ITU membership are diverged on what role it should play

Look forward to more contributions from ITU Members to the upcoming PP-10


Useful Links

ITU IPv6 portal: http://www.itu.int/ipv6

ITU IPv6 Group homepage: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/othergroups/ipv6/index.html


Thank you！

Documents

International Telecommunication Union Committed to connecting the world IPv6 Work in ITU CTO Forum, Colombo, Sri-Lanka 13 September 2010 Malcolm Johnson