1. Metro Colombo Urban Project - World Bank...4 8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 90.00 9 Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11 52.63 10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 88.70 11 Timbirigasyaya

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1. Metro Colombo Urban Development Project

Environmental Screening Report for Improving Public Convenience: Construction of new public toilets and improvements

to existing toilet blocks

Draft Final Report

December 2011

Uni‐Consultancy Services University of Moratuwa

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E2886 v11

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Table of Contents

1. Project Identification 3

2. Project Location 3

3. Project Justification 5

4. Project Description 7

5. Description of the Existing Environment 10

6. Public Consultation 17

7. Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures

7a. Screening for Potential Environmental Impacts 21

7b. Environmental Management Plan 27

8. Conclusion and Screening Decision 33

9. Screening Decision Recommendation 36

10. EMP implementation responsibilities and costs 40

11. Details of Persons Responsible for the Environmental Screening 42

Annexes

1. Photographs of toilet locations

2. Detailed drawings of project components

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Metro Colombo Urban Development Project

Environmental Screening Report

1. Project Identification

Project title Improving Public Convenience - construction of new public toilets and improvements to existing toilet blocks

Project Proponent

Colombo Municipal Council

2. Project Location

Location Locations of the proposed toilets are depicted in the Fig. 1.

Definition of Project Area

(The geographical extent of the project & areas affected during construction)

The project comprises toilets located at different geographical locations as indicated below.

PACKAGE 1 Land Extent (m²)

1 No. 112, Vauxhall Street, Colombo – 02 68.00

2 Galle Road/W.A. Silva Mw., Colombo – 05 40.00

3 Milagiriya, Colombo – 04 66.00

4 Saunders Place, Colombo –11 68.00

5 York Street, Colombo – 01 78.00

6 Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo –10 42.00

7 Nagalagam Street, Colombo - 14 61.50

PACKAGE 2 Land Extent (m²)

URBAN UPGRADING WORK

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8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 90.00

9 Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11 52.63

10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 88.70

11 Timbirigasyaya , Colombo – 05 65.79

12 Mattakkuliya, Colombo – 15 27.33

Adjacent land and features

The land use pattern in Colombo Municipal Council area is given in Table 1 below. Table 1. Land use pattern in Colombo Municipal Council area

The total land extent of the Colombo Municipal Council area is 11,115 ha. According to the available historical data, the main land use change observed in the Colombo city area is the rapid increase in built-up land, which is over 84% at present. This built-up area replaced domestic gardens, water bodies and marshes while a significant decline in the extent of domestic gardens observed, mainly due to migration to commercial crops. The localities under the proposed project predominantly consist of commercial and administrative/office type land uses while a considerable land cover is also under residential, parks-recreational uses, as well as waterways, roads and pavements.

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Figure 1: Location map showing the locations of the toilets

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3. Project Justification

Need for the project

(What problem is the project going to solve)

Colombo is the financial and commercial capital of Sri Lanka with 800,000 permanent population and 500,000 floating population. There are 58 public toilets situated within the city. Existing public toilets are located at prominent places as well as close to the underserved settlements.

Being a Local Authority responsible for providing almost all basic amenities to tax payers as well as a floating population, facilities of 14 public toilets in 14 locations have been selected to be improved under World Bank funding. During the selection following factors have been considered.

• Floating population • Condition of existing toilets and facilities • Necessity of new constructions • Availability of land

Purpose of the project

(what is going to be achieved by carrying out the project)

Facilitating public health and hygiene is the main purpose of the project.

Toilets at the above 12 locations will be constructed with the following features (see Annexure 2 for detailed drawings and the designs):

Alternatives considered

(different ways to meet the project need and achieve the project purpose)

No any other alternative is considered for the project as it is envisaged that there are no any other technically feasible and economically viable engineering interventions that could be accommodated in place of the proposed option.

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4. Project Description

Proposed start date

The tenders documents will be ready for Package 1 on 30/12/2011 and Package 2 on 15/03/2011 and work construction of toilets is expected to be finished within a period of one year.

Proposed completion date

It will take minimum 12 – 15 months to finish the project from the date of opening bid documents.

Estimated total cost

The project will be done in two packages. The estimated costs of the each package are as follows.

PACKAGE 1 Land Extent

m² Estimated Cost

Million Rs.

1 No. 112, Vauxhall Street, Colombo – 02 68.00 6.06 2 Galle Road/W.A. Silva Mw., Colombo –

05 40.00 4.62

3 Milagiriya, Colombo – 04 66.00 7.38 4 Saunders Place, Colombo –11 68.00 6.98 5 York Street, Colombo – 01 78.00 3.05 6 Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo –10 42.00 4.33 7 Nagalagam Street, Colombo - 14 61.50 5.92 PACKAGE 2 Land Extent

m² Estimated

cost Million Rs.

8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 90.00 7.75 9 Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11 52.63 5.66 10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 88.70 6.68 11 Timbirigasyaya , Colombo – 05 65.79 6.02 12 Mattakkuliya, Colombo – 15 27.33 3.16

Package 1 Total Estimated cost is SLR 45 M

Package 2 Total Estimated cost will be SLR 33 M

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Present land ownership

Entire project lies in areas belonging to CMC.

Description of the project

(with supporting material such as maps, drawings etc attached as required)

Location of the project is given in the Figure 1.

The detailed drawings are attached as Annex 2.

Toilets at the above 12 locations will be constructed with the following features (see Annexure 2 for detailed drawings and he designs):

• Roof - Translucent Sheet for day light elimination

• Floor (Common Areas) - 600 mm x 600 mm non-Slip Floor Tiles.

• Toilet Areas - 300 mm x 300 mm non-Slip Floor Tiles.

• Interior Wall - 300 mm x 900 mm Polished Tiles.

• External Walls - Aluminum Cladding for easy maintenance.

• Door /Windows - Color Bonded Aluminum Cladding Boards.

• Sanitary Fittings - American Standard.

• Electricity - Solar Power

The following are the activities proposed under the project:

– Demolition/dismantling of existing toilets, pavements and structures – Disposal of (above) debris – Re-orientation of service provisions and instrumentation (telecom, power,

water and drainage) – Material Transport – Material storage and handling – Provision of temporary drainage – Diversion of traffic and traffic management plan – Diversion of pedestrian pathways – Construction of the superstructure for the new toilet – Construction of pipelines and drainage for the new toilet – Construction of septic tanks for the new toilet – Maintenance of toilets after commissioning – Gulley operations and disposal of sewage

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MAINTENANCE PLAN

Colombo Municipal Council is unable to maintain public toilets due to non-availability of conservancy labourers. Hence these public toilets will be maintained through private participation on contract. Already six public toilets are maintained on contract satisfactorily with following conditions.

• Charge a maximum fee of Rs. 10/= per use from the user. • Settle service bills by the contractor. • Attend minor repairs up to Rs. 5,000/= by the contractor. • No alteration can be done by the contractor. • A performance bond of Rs. 25,000/= to be furnished. • A monthly payment of Rs. 67,200.00 (for the six toilets) to be made

to Colombo Municipal Council.

Project Management Team

Agency:

CMC will be responsible for the implementation of this proposed project. Nevertheless, A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established under the Ministry of Defense and Urban Development (MoDUD) to implement the Metro Colombo Urban Development Project. The PMU will operate under the oversight of a Steering Committee, chaired by MoDUD’s Secretary and composed by SLLRDC, UDA, the PLAs, the Ministry of Provincial Councils and Local Authorities, the National Water Supply and Drainage Board and the Ministry of Irrigation. Other ministries and agencies will be identified as stand-by members, to be called when relevant issues need to be dealt with (e.g. Central Environmental Authority). While the PMU will remain responsible for the overall implementation of the project, responsibilities will be decentralized to the CMC for sub-projects designed and implemented by them. With regard to environmental safeguards, day to day compliance will be monitored by the Environmental Officer at the CMC (appointed specially for CMC projects under the MCUDP) while overall supervision support will be provided by the Environmental Specialist at the PMU.

Contact person:

Mrs. Dhammika, Chief Engineer, CMC;

Nature of the consultation and input received:

Meeting and consultation at design office and site were done. Design drawings, master plans and other relevant information were too gathered.

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5. Description of the existing environment

5.1 Physical features – Ecosystem components

Topography and terrain

The topography of Sri Lanka is marked by great diversity caused by long years of faulting and erosion of the landscape. The central mountainous region with the highest elevations covered by virgin forests and grasslands rises up to about 2,500 m above mean sea level. The surrounding plains, which rise to about 50 to 100 m above sea level, are largely used for agriculture and homesteads, but still have virgin scrubland where the population distribution is lower. This general topography of the country can be divided into three distinct geographical areas or well marked peneplains featuring the coastal belt, the plains, and the central highlands. The Colombo district which incorporates the project area falls into so called lowest peneplain of Sri Lanka (after P.G. Cooray – Geology of Sri Lanka, 1984). The elevation variation of Colombo district situated in this coastal peneplain ranges to a maximum elevation of 150 m from sea coast. The terrain in Colombo consists of gently undulating plains with a high density of drainage paths formulating a geography consisting of a mix of land and water. The area extent covered under the proposed project is located within a mere 2.5 – 3.0 km from the coastal line and the elevation varies up to a maximum of 16 m only. Therefore, the slopes encountered in the project area are flat to mild (<1.0 %) and gently sloping in seaward direction while the contour lines are aligned approximately parallel to the shoreline.

Soil (type and quality)

The geology of Colombo is representative of the geology of the western coast of Sri Lanka and has existed for much of the Quaternary era. Bore holes drilled in central Colombo City show that this area once formed an estuary of the Kelani River and the Kalu Ganga River, the two main rivers that drain into the sea on the western coast. A few kilometers upstream in the inland valleys, there is a high-level gravel formation consisting of quartz pebbles embedded in a matrix of laterite separated with pebble-free layers of laterite. The floodplains along the rivers consist mainly of alluvial deposits. The

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floodplains of Kelani River also provide thick alluvial profiles for unconfined aquifers, in addition to the productive overburden along tributary banks.

Figure 2. Soil Maps of the Study Area (Source: Greentech, 2011) Vast area (over 90%) of Sri Lanka is underlain by metamorphic crystalline rocks of Precambrian age, which includes the project area, which cover a variety of Gneisses. The geology of Colombo is representative of the geology of the western coast of Sri Lanka and has existed for much of the Quaternary era. This is shown in the 1:10,000 and 1:50,000 geological maps of Colombo region

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produced by the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau. The typical rock types of this basement include Biotite gneiss, Hornblende Biotite gneiss, Charnockites, Charnockitic gneisses, Quartzite and undifferentiated Meta sediments. The floodplains along Kelani River and the Kalu Ganga rivers consist mainly of alluvial deposits. The floodplains of Kelani River also provide thick alluvial profiles for unconfined aquifers, in addition to the productive overburden along tributary banks. According to Survey Department soil maps (Figure 2) the main soil types in the project area are as follows.

• Red Yellow Podzolic soils with soft or hard laterite and undulating terrain • Bog and Half bog soils: flat terrain • Alluvial soils of variable texture and drainage: flat terrain • Regosols on recent beach sands: flat terrain

Surface water (sources, distance from the site, local uses and quality)

There are no surface water bodies that are affected by the proposed project, as only small-scale construction will be involved in each individual project.

Ground water (sources, distance from the site, local uses and quality)

Each individual toilet complex will be connected to main sewer lines, and therefore groundwater is not affected. Only toilet that has no sewer connection is located at Mattakkuliya (No.14, Package 2). The ground water table at this location is about 8 feet, during rainy seasons.

Flooding All road segments in the project subdivision areas (Package 1, and 2) considered under the proposed development appear to have adequate drainage systems in place at present. The terrain is either flat in most areas or consists of mild slopes, therefore, no historical records of past flooding are available for any of the locations under consideration. However, after extremely heavy storm events and especially due to temporary blockage of existing drainage system, the water movement could concentrate in some parts close to proposed locations the causing temporary ponding or minor flooding in the adjacent localities, as has occurred in the recent past. However, this effect is not significant in the project areas

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and can easily be avoided by ensuring that the existing drains are well maintained and routine checks are carried out, particularly after major storm events

Air quality (any pollution issues)

Heavy vehicle movements along the roads in the project area lead to high levels of air pollutant emissions, such as dust including particulate matter, smoke including CO, CO2, NOx, SOx etc. Such air pollution episodes can aggravate during peak hours when traffic movements are impeded.

Noxious gases can be detected along certain road stretches where water is stagnating, and/or decomposing solid waste has piled up. Emanation of foul odors is prevalent along some of the roads where wastewater is discharged by the road side, blockages of gullies, manholes and drainage canals are a common occurrence.

Noise level and vibration (Any anticipated issues)

Existing ambient noise and vibration levels in the area are consistent with highly urban and light industrial, businesses, hotel and restaurants. There is also heavy traffic noise from major roads such as Vauxhall Street, Galle Road, Main Street, Saunders Place, Nagalagam Street, Havelock Road etc. All roads carry heavy traffic during peak hours as well as during the night time. Industrial activities and commercial activities of most of the major roads mentioned above and at Madampitiya and Mattakkuliya contribute to high levels of noise.

5.2 Ecological features – Eco-system components

Vegetation

(trees, ground cover, aquatic vegetation)

The twelve proposed public toilets are spread over Colombo Municipal Council Area and the identified locations are in public areas where human interference is high. Therefore the identified locations have no ecological sensitivity except for the toilet to be constructed at Viharamahadevi Park in Colombo 7. At Viharamahadevi Park, although it’s a man made habitat, there are a variety of planted tree species which support different fauna species (mainly birds) as their feeding, roosting and breeding habitats.

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Eleven public toilets out of proposed fourteen are to be reconstructed at the existing locations and there is no vegetation observed. The two places at Gunasinghepura, Colombo 11 and Madampitiya, Colombo -14 are bare lands currently be used as play ground and parking area and hence no tree cover was observed. There were no any threatened or endemic species or any invasive species observed during the rapid screening.

Presence of wetlands No wetland habitat present within or near the proposed sites for the public toilets.

Fish and fish habitats No aquatic habitats were observed closer to the proposed sites.

Birds (waterfowl, migratory birds, others)

No detail ecological survey was considered needed as the project is implemented in highly urbanized environments dominated with man-made structures. The bird populations in the city is largely dominated with common species such as the house crow, egret, pelican etc

Presence of special habitat areas (special designations and identified sensitive zones)

There are no such special habitats demarcated as protected areas within and immediate surroundings of the proposed project area.

Other features

Residential/Sensitive Areas (Eg, Hospitals, Schools)

Package 1 1 No. 112, Vauxhall Street, Colombo – 02 Predominant land use along the road is commercial but inside is mostly underserved settlements. The toilet is mostly used by the people of nearby underserved settlements particularly the people of ‘3

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watta’. In addition over 1000 pedestrians use the toilet daily. The improvement to the toilet would be an important and extremely essential facility to the community and user fee will not be an issue. 2 Galle Road/W.A. Silva Mw., Colombo – 05 Located prominently on Galle road near W.A. Silva Mawatha traffic light junction adjacent to HNB Bank. No sensitive land uses are recorded in the vicinity. 3 Milagiriya, Colombo – 04 Located on the second block from the Galle road. However due to the installation of a fairly tall transformer, the toilet is not adequately visible. No sensitive land uses are recorded in the vicinity. 4 Saunders Place, Colombo –11 Located near the Pettah Public bus station and heavily used by the public. The toilet is well maintained, the entrance and outside appearance are at good level of maintenance. The signage to indicate location of a public toilet is not inadequate. Over 4000 people use the toilet per day. 5 York Street, Colombo – 01 This toilet is located underground and has a historical value as it is one of oldest public toilets in the city and is located in a planned manner, very visible to people. 6 Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo –10 This toilet is located almost opposite the Ananda College on Maradana road. The users are mostly from

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adjoining retail commercial establishments. 7 Nagalagam Street, Colombo - 14 This toilet is located adjacent to Sirimavo Bandaranayake road and Nagalagam street. Mixed users of housing, commercial and industries are located around. This toilet block is abandoned and has become a health hazard., due to poor maintenance. Package 2 8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 This toilet is located within the VMD park and used by over 500 visitors a day during the weekend. No sensitive land uses are located nearby, however the VMD park itself is important in recreation aspect and hence this public toilet block needs special care both in terms of design and maintenance. 9 Gunasinghepura, Colombo – 11 This is a new toilet and will be located opposite the police station and at the corner of the play ground. The CMC and earmarked the site for the proposed toilet block. The site is also located close to the public bus station and “People’s Park” shopping complex. 10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 At this site a public toilet existed before and was demolished by the CMC to construct a new toilet block. At present a company uses this site for parking of unregistered vehicles. This is a good location for a public toilet due to the existing bus bays and underserved settlement nearby.

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11 Timbirigasyaya , Colombo – 05 Located close to the traffic lights at Thmbirigasyaya junction, on High Level Road between Seylan Bank and Sampath Bank. A good location for a public toilet due to heavy pedestrian movement on this section of the road. Asokaramaya Buddhist temple is located about 200 meters from the site. The toilet block has been renovated recently by the Asokaramaya temple. 12 Mattakkuliya, Colombo – 15 This public toilet at present is abandoned due to nonfunctioning of the septic tank. This toilet did not have access to a municipal sewer line. It is located in a prominent place where a large number of public movements are found.

Traditional economic and cultural activities

Not applicable

Archeological resources

Not applicable

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6. Public Consultation

Public consulted Consultation method

Date Details/Issues raised

W.A. Sumandasa (Toilet user)

Informal 18.12.2011 Vauxhall Street

The care taker maintains the toilet in a good condition and the community assists as it is an asset to them.

Wasantha (Toilet Operator)

WA Silva Mawatha

– There were over 1500 people using this toilet before. However due to the recently constructed public market nearby having good toilet facilities the number of users of this toilet has come down to 800 users a day. The users are mostly pedestrians.

Nimal Ranaweera (Toilet Operator)

A Three Wheeler Driver (Name not disclosed)

Milagiriya

–Over 800 people use this toilet. However since the toilet is not visible to the pedestrians many people are not aware of the location of a public toilet here. The toilet is closed by 6.00 as there are no users after that time.

- The status of the toilet (hidden, covered and gloomy) has provided a good environment for the operator to carry out illegal activities in the public toilet. After 6.00 p.m. the operator closes down the toilet for public use and rent out it for illegal activities for a good income.

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The toilet Operator’s employee (Name not disclosed)

Saunders Place, Colombo 11– The size of the toilet is not enough as it is heavily used every day by thousands of people. This is very congested.

A User having a small business (Name not disclosed)

York Street

– Over 1000 people use this toilet daily but the facilities are very poor. No adequate lighting, doors are broken.

A user from the nearby underserved settlement (name not disclosed)

Piyadasa Sirisena Mawatha

This is the only public toilet available for the nearby “Watta” (underserved settlement) and that the whole community is dependent on this. Even those have individual toilets use this toilet block for bathing. The CMC does not maintain this and the community themselves organized the maintenance activities. Over 1000 people use the toilet daily.

A Worker of the workshop located adjoining the toilet block

Nagalagam Vidiya

This toilet was heavily used by the people in the vicinity as no other public toilet is located nearby. However due to poor maintenance it was abandoned and now has become a health hazard as some make the place dirty. The restoration of the toilet block will largely benefits the small business people and people in underserved settlements nearby.

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.Toilet Operator Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07

– Since one of the toilets within the park is recently closed down, this toilet has become heavily used, mainly during weekends. Present user fee is only Rs 2/= which needs to be increased to at least 5/=

Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11

(No interview was carried out at this location)

Madampitiya, Colombo – 14

(No interview was carried out at this location)

S.Raja (Toilet user)

Thimbirigasyaya, Colombo 5 - Over 1000 people use this toilet a day, mostly by the people from the low income settlement nearby. It is also accessible to the pedestrians. The toilet is maintained and is in a good condition, particularly due the involvement of the Asokaramaya temple.

S.A. Jayantha – (CTB Bus Driver)

Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15.

– Pubic toilet here is an urgent need. A bus leaves this place every 10 – 15 minutes and a large number of people are found in the area at any given time.

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7. Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures

7a. Screening for Potential Environmental Impacts

Screening question Yes No Significance of the effect

(Low, moderate, high)

Remarks

1 Will construction and operation of the Project involve actions which will cause physical changes in the locality

Yes Low

Most of the interventions are carried out within the existing premises, either after complete demolition or with major alterations. There are two toilets that will be constructed at new locations: Gunasinghe Pura (No. 9, Package 2) and Madampitiya (No. 10, Package 2), which will physically alter the surrounding locality. No other changes in topography and landform is anticipated other than landscaping, paving of foot walks etc.

2 Will the Project involve use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials which could be harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to human health?

Yes Low

Transport of material and construction activities, including excavation, and material piles will emit dust and fugitive particles which may pose a health hazard to vulnerable persons on temporary basis.

However, due to small-scale constructions such impacts are very low.

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3 Will the Project produce solid wastes during construction or operation?

Yes Low

During construction:

There will be spoilage (construction debris) produced during demolition of existing structures and pavements, excavation of trenches.

During operations:

There will be solid waste collected at garbage bins which need regular collection and disposed appropriately. Regular cleaning of drain pipes is necessary as they will generate small quantities of spoil material.

4 Will the Project release pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air?

Yes Low

There will be paints, solvents, soldering material used during construction. Also, overlay and re-surfacing of floors, titling, bituminous patching, crack sealing, will be carried out which will generate fumes and dust emissions, however, quantities involved are in small.

5 Will the Project cause noise and vibration or release of light, heat energy or electromagnetic radiation?

Yes Low

The project activities will cause noise and vibration during demolition, excavation of trenches, and

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during compaction, transport of material etc. These impacts are temporary in nature and cause only inconvenience to the neighboring people only.

6 Will the Project lead to risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants onto the ground or into surface waters, groundwater or coastal wasters?

Yes Low

Stock piling of material will lead to washing away of soil and may increase turbidity and TSS in road side drainage and nearby waterways (in some locations) temporarily during the construction period.

Leaking drainage and leaks in sewer lines have the potential of contaminating both surface water and ground water. Also, blocked drains, toilets and sinks can also have the potential of contaminating water.

7 Will the project cause localized flooding and poor drainage during construction

Is the project area located in a flooding location?

No No impact in anticipated

8 Will there be any risks and vulnerabilities to public safety due to physical hazards during construction or operation of the Project?

Yes Moderate

Most of the toilets are located adjacent to walkways. Demolition, construction and material handling can disturb pedestrians movements,

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especially during night time, safety issues in terms of falling pieces of material, dangers of material piles and debris to neighbors and commuters could be anticipated.

9 Are there any transport routes on or around the location which are susceptible to congestion or which cause environmental problems, which could be affected by the project?

No No impact is anticipated

10 Are there any routes or facilities on or around the location which are used by the public for access to recreation or other facilities, which could be affected by the project?


11 Are there any areas or features of high landscape or scenic value on or around the location which could be affected?

No Since project mainly deals with work along roads, no impact is anticipated.

12 Are there any other areas on or around the location which are important or sensitive for reasons of their ecology e.g. wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, the coastal zone, mountains, forests which could be affected by the project?

Yes Low

Several projects are located in the catchment area of Beira lake and Kelani River. Since the nature of the projects is small and the construction period is very short no major impacts are anticipated.

13 Are there any areas on or around the No No such areas are found.

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location which are used by protected, important or sensitive species of fauna or flora e.g. for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, migration, which could be affected by the project?

14 Is the project located in a previously undeveloped area where there will be loss of green-field land

No No such green-field is encountered.

15 Will the project cause the removal of trees in the locality?

No No tree is planned to be uprooted or cut or pruned.

16 Are there any areas or features of historic or cultural importance on or around the location which could be affected by the project?

No There are many buildings of historical and archeological interest in the vicinity of some of the project areas (i.e. Seemamalakaya on James Peiris Mawatha, Several buildings of colonial architectural heritage on Dr. Colvin R. Silva Mawatha. However none of the sub projects will have any involvement on the operation of these buildings during construction or operation stage.

17 Are there existing land uses on or around the location e.g. homes, gardens, other private property, industry, commerce, recreation, public open space, community facilities, agriculture, forestry, tourism, mining or quarrying which could be affected by the project?

Yes Low

Some residential areas, commercial and industrial establishments are affected slightly by construction, mainly due to restricted access around the construction sites.

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18 Are there any areas on or around the location which are densely populated or built-up, which could be affected by the project?


19 Are there any areas on or around the location which are occupied by sensitive land uses e.g. hospitals, schools, places of worship, community facilities, which could be affected by the project

- No

20 Are there any areas on or around the location which contain important, high quality or scarce resources e.g. groundwater, surface waters, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals, which could be affected by the project?


21 Are there any areas on or around the location which are already subject to pollution or environmental damage e.g. where existing legal environmental standards are exceeded, which could be affected by the project?

Yes Beira Lake and connected canals are polluted mainly due to discharge of wastewater illegally and storm water flow carrying garbage of the catchment areas into the lake. However Beira lake and the other canals are now being restored under different projects by the Sri Lanka Land Reclaimation Corporation and Urban Development Authority. No addition of pollution by the project to the water bodies is envisaged.

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7b. Environmental Management Plan – for all toilets facilities in common

Key project activities Potential Environmental Effects

Mitigation Measures

Demolition/dismantling of existing toilets, pavements and structures Disposal of (above) debris Diversion of traffic and traffic management plan Diversion of pedestrian pathways

Existing drainage paths may be blocked during construction period due to stockpiling of debris, materials etc

Debris may cause inconvenience to the public and neighbored

Diversion of traffic may create little inconvenience to the people

Inconveniences to pedestrians and motorist due to demolition work, closure of pavements and parts of the roadway (which is not significant as the road at most locations are are wide enough for vehicles to move

Adequate temporary drainage facilities should be provided during construction period not to hinder existing surface and drainage water flows.

Precautions should be taken during piling up of debris so as not to disrupt existing drainage pathways, pavements walkways etc.

Demolition of existing pavements has to be carried out with the minimum use of machinery and sprinkling of water should be done appropriately.

Debris management must be done so as not to cause any inconvenience to the public. Debris from demolition of existing structures should be either reused, used as filling or disposed to CMC’s municipal waste collection points.

No mitigation for diversion of traffic is required as it is not required. Warning signs and proper fencing is needed as safety measures. Also, no slippery conditions along roadsides and pavements and walking surfaces have to be ensured.

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Mitigation Measures

even during construction)

Impacts on flora and fauna due to disturbance by demolition

Impact arising due to proposed project activities is not significant as the area identified is predominantly of man modified urban environments that support very few faunal and floral species. This will not result in a habitat loss or fragmentation of terrestrial species. Further, the terrestrial species recorded during the study are common species that are capable of occupying habitats subjected to modification by humans and hence will be able to adapt to the new conditions readily. No impact is anticipated

Material Transport Material storage and handling

Obstruction to vehicular movements (Which is not significant as the road at most locations are wide enough for vehicles to move even during construction)

Disturbances to day-to-day activities of public due to material pile up beside the congested walkways.

Construction vehicles and equipment should be parked at suitable locations without parking along road sides.

Appropriate signage should be posted on affected roadways, and residents/commercial establishments should be informed of any traffic diversions and restriction of entry during construction.

Only small amounts of material to be delivered at site, and construction to be carried out considering space restrictions of the site to hold large material stock piles. Head transport should be encouraged whenever there is no adequate place for material

29


Mitigation Measures

storage inside the project sites.

Soil to be transported from outside areas for earthworks must be pre-checked for invasive or weed species.

Provision of temporary drainage Contamination of surface runoff

Emanation of foul odor due to stagnant water

Collection of floating matter and blocking catch pits, gullies and manholes

Contamination of water due to improper disposal of debris and sediments

Regular maintenance of gullies, pipelines and manholes is essential.

Proper disposal of debris is necessary.

Regular maintenance of drainage structures is needed while additional routine checks may be needed during monsoon seasons and after heavy storm events.

Accumulated silt and debris should be properly removed and disposed appropriately following guidelines and local regulations to avoid any further nuisance.

Proper silt traps, measures to reduce erosion, diversions, etc., should be adopted if siltation is unacceptably high in the project area.

If the manholes, gullies etc. are not properly maintained and if accumulated silt and debris in catch pits are not periodically removed, the capacity of the drainage system may be affected

30


Mitigation Measures

by excessive and undesirable accumulation of silt and debris.

Proper disposal of removed material is required to ensure that they are not trapped in the catchment and transported back the drainage paths and also to avoid undesirable nuisance, odor, and health risks etc.

Construction of super structure, pipelines and drainage for the new toilet

Inconvenience to people, commercial establishments due to: (i) elevated noise during construction; (ii) air borne particles, and blocking of drainage paths

Construction equipment and machinery should be maintained in good condition and regularly. Use of heavy construction equipment and plants should be discouraged. All equipment and machinery (such as compacters and vibrators) should be operated with exhaust silencers to limit generation of noise not to exceed 75 dB. The use of high noise generating pneumatic construction equipment should be restricted. It will be ensured that the levels of intermittent vibration (in ppv) would be less than the 2.25 mm/sec at 1 Hz to avoid human discomfort and inconvenience as per the Interim Standards for Vibration of the Operation of Machinery, Construction Activities and Vehicle Movement & Traffic.

Construction of the proposed toilets and related facilities would not generate hazardous or toxic waste and therefore do not

31


Mitigation Measures

create any potential hazard to human health due to contamination. If accidental spills do occur (if any) during construction of materials such as paints, solvents, bituminous material or any other hazardous or toxic constituents, the contractor should take appropriate measures to clean up such spills immediately and waste material should be disposed appropriately. The contractor should take precautionary measures to minimize and control spoilage of material during storage and handling and during construction processes. There should be provisions for proper storage of construction materials to reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or exposure to elements.

Working time should be restricted for noise generation activities and carried out only from 6.00 am to 6.00 pm in areas near residences and shops.

Provision of temporary toilet and bathing facilities

Improved sanitary practices Mobile units must be provided until proper ones are complete. Alternatively, where common toilets are available nearby in other buildings the public should be encourages to use those.

Maintenance of toilets after commissioning Gulley operations and disposal of sewage

Overflow of gullies, drainage provisions, toilet pits etc. due to blockages

Temporary drainage blockages have to be attended without delay. Emptying of septic tanks will need to be done on schedule according to a plan.

32


Mitigation Measures

Foul odours, breeding grounds for mosquitoes, vermin, cockroaches etc.

Proper treatment for mosquitoes, vermin, cockroaches etc. is necessary

Construction of septic tanks for the new toilet (ONLY FOR THE TOILET AT No. 12, MATTAKKULIYA, COLOMBO 15)

This toilet has no connection to the main sewer. Therefore, it needs a septic tank for collection of wastewater. The existing septic tank is not functioning and is over-flowing.

Construction of the septic tank has following impacts:

- Excavation of the pit: - Disposal of excavated

material

Main impacts are due to noise, dust, inconvenience to pedestrians etc.

Septic tank should be designed based on SLS 745: Code of Practice: Sri Lanka Standards Part I and Part II (2004) on the design and construction of septic tanks and associated effluent disposal systems.

The final disposal of wastewater should be done after treating with an appropriate method as suggested in the above Code of Practice (e.g., Anaerobic filter). The disposed water should be diverted to a drainage line, which should have continuous flow. It has to be noted that any stagnant water may be breeding grounds for mosquitoes, vermin, cockroaches etc. and should be treated with appropriate pesticides.

The septic tank should be emptied regularly. No overflowing should take place. In case of any overflows, immediate action should be taken to clean up and empty the tank.

Possibility of connection to Municipal sewer should be considered.

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8. Conclusion and Screening Decision

Summary of environmental effects: Assuming that all mitigation measures are implemented as proposed, the following effects can be predicted. For all toilets a common ones are given below. However individual recommendations are given separate.

Key project activities Potential Environmental Effects Significance of the environmental effect with mitigation in place

NS- Effect not significant, or can be rendered insignificant with mitigation SP - Significant positive effect SN - Significant negative effect U - Outcome unknown or cannot be predicted, even with mitigation NA – Not applicable

Demolition/dismantling of existing toilets, pavements and structures Disposal of (above) debris Diversion of traffic and traffic management plan Diversion of pedestrian pathways

Existing drainage paths may be blocked during construction period due to stockpiling of debris, materials etc

Debris may cause inconvenience to the public and neighbored

Diversion of traffic may create little inconvenience to the people

Inconvenience to present users of toilets and

NS

NS

NS

NS

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bathing facilities

Inconveniences to pedestrians and motorist due to demolition work, closure of pavements and parts of the roadway. (Which is not significant as the road at this section is wide enough for vehicles to move even during construction)

Impacts on flora and fauna due to disturbance by demolition

NS

NS

Material Transport Material storage and handling

Obstruction to vehicular movements (Which is not significant as the road at this section is wide enough for vehicles to move even during construction)

Disturbances to day-to-day activities of residents due to material pile up beside the congested walkway.

Establishment of weed species in the project area due to introduction through imported raw material. construction equipment, or unplanned dumping of cleared wed species

NS

SN

NS

Provision of temporary drainage Contamination of surface runoff

Emanation of foul odor due to stagnant water

NS

NS

35

Collection of floating matter and blocking catch pits, gullies and manholes

Contamination of water due to improper disposal of debris and sediments

NS

Construction of super structure, pipelines and drainage for the new toilet

Inconvenience to people, commercial establishments due to: (i) elevated noise during construction; (ii) air borne particles, and blocking of drainage paths

NS

Provision of temporary toilet facilities

Impacts on good sanitary practices SP

Maintenance of toilets after commissioning Gulley operations and disposal of sewage

Overflow of gullies, drainage provisions, toilet pits etc. due to blockages

Foul odours, breeding grounds for mosquitoes, vermin, cockroaches etc.

NS NS

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9. Screening Decision Recommendation:

Final recommendation

All potentially adverse effects can be classified as general construction related impacts and are mitigatable with good construction planning and site management. Public concern does not warrant further assessment. Therefore, a stand alone Environmental Assessment for the proposed sub-project is not required, the Environmental Management Plan would be sufficient.

However, the following specific recommendations should be highlighted when EMP provisions are incorporated into bidding documents.

No. 1: Vauxhall Street, Colombo 2

In the case of material transport, head transport of material should be allowed so as not to disturb pedestrian movement.

Temporary toilets such as mobile units and bathing facilities by means of temporary block should be provided.

A maintenance scheme should be worked out to make sure that it will be utilized in proper manner and not be used for any other purpose during specially night time.

No 2: Galle Road / W.A. Silva Mawatha, Colombo 4


The nearby facility available at Wellawatte Shopping complex must be encouraged to be used till the new one will be in place.


No 3: Milagiriya, Colombo 04


Temporary toilets such as mobile units and bathing facilities by

37

means of temporary block should be provided.


No 4: Saunders Place, Colombo 11




No 5: York Street, Colombo 01


Temporary toilets such as mobile units and bathing facilities by means of temporary block should be provided or nearby one must be made available on temporary basis.


No 6: Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo 10




38

No 7: Nagalagam Street, Colombo 14


No 8: Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo 07

Temporary toilets and such as mobile units and bathing facilities by means of temporary block should be provided or else the nearby one (which is now not used) must be made available on temporary basis.


No 9: Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo 11


No 10: Madampitiya, Colombo 14



No 11: Timbirigasyaya , Colombo 05




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No 12: Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15

Proper design of septic tank and its associated effluent disposal preferably anaerobic filter design must be incorporated and the final treated water should be connected to storm water drainage.


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10. EMP implementation responsibilities and costs The overall responsibility of ensuring compliance with safeguard requirements for the sub-project lie with the CMC. Specifically, the provision of temporary toilet units and bathing blocks to ensure that public has an alternative to use during the construction period and maintaining the newly rehabilitated/constructed facilities in the long-run will be CMC’s responsibility. In addition, the CMC will need to ensure that the septic tank and waste water treatment/discharge for the Mattakuliya toilet block is designed according to recommended technical specifications of SLS 745: Code of Practice: Sri Lanka Standards Part I and Part II (2004) The contractor will be responsible for implementing all other provisions in the EMP that relate mostly to good construction planning, site management and public safety practices. The only additional cost involved for the contractor in implementing the EMP is associated with head transport of material to 8 of the proposed locations as these sites don’t have space that can support on-site material stock piling without causing inconvenience to the public. Environmental monitoring will be carried out largely through compliance monitoring using the checklist provided in the EMF by the Environmental Officer of the CMC and the contractor jointly. As such, the only additional costs envisaged are given below:

Item Cost Implementation Responsibility

Temporary toilet units and bathing block to be installed at 7 project sites – the CMC is already in possession of mobile toilet units and several gully suckers. These units will need to be emptied regularly and the septage transported to a designated site operated by the CMC. There will be an additional cost of transport involved.

Cost of a mobile unit: Rs. 55,000

Cost of a gully sucker: Rs. 9.5 million

Transportation cost of septage: Rs. 3,000 per trip and disposal

The CMC is in the process of estimating the actual costs involved for the above cost items depending on the required number of mobile units, gully suckers and cost of septage collection and disposal after considering the needs of individual communities that are affected.

CMC

Head transport of material The cost of material will increase by approx. 10%, which is currently under consideration.

Contractor

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Screening report completed by Dr. Mahesh Jayaweera, Team Leader

University of Moratuwa

Tel: 0777320590

email: [email protected]

Name/Designation/Contact information

Date Signature

Screening report reviewed by Name/Designation/Contact information

Date Signature

Approved by Name/Designation/Contact information

Date Signature

42

11. Details of Persons Responsible for the Environmental Screening (1) Dr. Mahesh Jayaweera, PhD, BSc in Civil Eng (Hons.), MIE (SL), CEng. – Team Leader (Overall coordination and planning) Experience: Team Leader/Consultant/Expert for more than 60 EIA and IEE studies during the past 15 years (2) Professor Mrs. Niranjanie Ratnayake, BSc in Civil Eng (Hons.), MSc, FIE (SL), CEng. – Environmental assessment specialist Experience: Team Leader/Consultant/Expert for more than 40 EIA and IEE studies during the past 20 years (3) Dr. Jagath Manatunge, PhD, MSc, DIC, BSc in Civil Eng (Hons.), MIE (SL), CEng. – Environmental Engineer (Noise, Water, Wastewater, Vibration, Air) Experience: Team Leader/Consultant/Expert for more than 40 EIA and IEE studies during the past 12 years (4) Dr. Lalith Rajapakse, PhD, MEng, BSc in Civil Eng (Hons.), MIE (SL), CEng. – Civil Engineer (Hydrology, Geology, other civil engineering aspects) Experience: Consultant/Expert for more than 20 EIA and IEE studies and assignments mainly related to hydrological during the past 6 years (5) Mr. Hemantha Jayasundara, BA (Hons.), MSc (Town and Country Planning), PG Dip in Urban Development, PD Dip in Environmental Sci. –Urban Planner Experience: More than 20 years as a Consultant/Expert on Urban and Regional Planning, Urban Design, Disaster Management, Environmental Management, Projects Management etc. (6) Dr. Anusha Kasige, PhD, MSc, BSc in Zoology – Ecologist (Flora, Fauna, Ecosystems) Experience: more than 15 EIA and IEE studies and ecological studies during the past 5 years

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Annex 1

Photographs of toilet locations

Photo Annexure

Public Convenience Project

Locations Visited

PACKAGE 1

1. Toilet Location No. 1: No. 112, Vauxhall Street, Colombo – 02 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 55' 22.78" N, 79° 51' 17.41” E)

Existing toilet in Vauxhall Street

Entrance from Vauxhall Street and canal

Blocked debris filter near the toilet entrance

2. Toilet Location No. 2: Galle Road/W.A. Silva Mw., Colombo – 05 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 52' 31.38" N, 79° 51' 39.82” E)

Main entrance

Roadside view

3. Toilet Location No. 3: Milagiriya, Colombo – 04 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 53' 37.55" N, 79° 51' 19.93” E)

Entrance (partly blocked)

Entrance blocked due to transformer

Roadside view

4. Toilet Location No. 5: Saunders Place, Colombo –11 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 56' 17.54" N, 79° 51' 23.69” E)

Proposed location

5. Toilet Location No. 6: York Street, Colombo – 01 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 56' 05.65" N, 79° 50' 41.99” E)

Entrance to male toilet

Entrance to female toilet (closed)

6. Toilet Location No. 7: Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo –10 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 55' 28.45" N, 79° 52' 04.13” E)

Entrance to male toilet. Pavement damaged.

Entrance to female toilet.

Roadside view

7. Toilet Location No. 8: Nagalagam Street, Colombo – 14 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 57' 09.98" N, 79° 52' 28.78” E)

Entrance in between the buildings

Public consultation

Blocked drainage canal near the entrance

PACKAGE 2

8. Toilet Location No. 9: Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 54' 47.39" N, 79° 51' 40.87” E)

Front view

Entrance from footpath

Signboard with directions

Surrounding features in the park

9. Toilet Location No. 10:.. Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 56' 04.99" N, 79° 51' 21.31” E)

Front view

Signboard

Public users

10. Toilet Location No. 11:.. Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 57' 28.92" N, 79° 52' 32.61” E)

Proposed location near the bus stand

Roadside view

Proposed location

Proposed location

11. Toilet Location No. 12: Timbirigasyaya , Colombo – 05 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 53' 27.36" N, 79° 51' 49.09” E)

Front view

Signboard

12. Toilet Location No. 14: Mattakkuliya, Colombo – 15 (GPS Coordinate: 6° 58' 25.24" N, 79° 52' 42.75” E)

Entrance from roadside

Blocked drainage near the entrance

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Annex 2

Detailed drawings of project components

Documents

1. Metro Colombo Urban Project - World Bank...4 8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 90.00 9 Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11 52.63 10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 88.70 11 Timbirigasyaya