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International Space University Space Studies Program 2009

NASA Ames Research Centre, California, USA 

29 June – 28 August 2009 

The future is not written it is up to you. The future is what you make it – Peter Diamandis

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Introducing SSP09 at NASA Ames The International Space University offers an intensive nine-week program for any student regardless of their educational background or professional experience. The program includes three major components: Core lectures, followed by a written examination; departments in seven disciplines where students participate in a variety of activities and professional visits; and the team projects, in which students work together to produce research reports on subjects of interest to the space community. This program originated in 1988, and takes place each year from July to August. The program is held in a different country every year, - so its location is worldwide. SSP works with companies and educational institutes from the space sector around the world, following the ISU Credo of the 3 Is: International, Interdisciplinary, and Intercultural.

For the first time in its history this year’s SSP is hosted by NASA, specifically at the NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) that stands in the heart of Silicon Valley at Moffett Field in Mountain View, California. ARC campus is home to satellite campuses of world-class higher education institutions and high technology businesses.

Great Expectations: NASA Ames hosting ISU The opening ceremony had an unforgettable touch, starting with the introduction of the 35 countries represented by 131 students, followed by a live feed welcome from Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger wishing the students the best on their program, hoping they return to California, and closing with his signature line: “I’ll be back!” The first week began with the welcoming of ISU founders, Peter Diamandis and Bob Richards. Later in the lecture hall there was a down-link message from the astronauts on the ISS, ISU Staff and Teaching Associates (TAs) also introduced their Departments and Team Projects.

The second week of lectures focused on various aspects of space exploration, including orbital mechanics, satellite applications, an introduction to space life sciences, and the environmental issues associated with space exploration. At the same time, the students made their individual department and team project selections. As expected, the Mars Caves TP had the highest number of students enrolled with 56 members, followed by the Disaster Risk Management and Space Aid teams. Among the departments, Satellite Applications had the most students, followed by Life Sciences, Physical Science, Systems Engineering, Business and Management, and Policy and Law.

“As humans, we are the result of our experiences. ISU SSP09 will be one of the experiences that have had the greatest impact in shaping ourselves. When you are pushed to your limits, in a foreign environment with unknown people, immersed in a current of bright thinking, it is really interesting to observe which parts of yourself pop up.”

Jorgina Busquets, SSP‘09

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A new Site Director SSP Welcomes Dr Angie Bukley. Angie has over 25 years of professional experience in defense and space systems and a Ph.D from the University of Alabama. She joins ISU permanent staff in Strasbourg as Associate Dean, after many years of involvement with the University as Faculty, a member of the

Academic Council, and Alumni of SSP93. Previously, Angie served as the assistant vice president for research and interim administrator of the University of Tennessee Space Institute; and was Associate Dean for research and graduate studies in the Russ College of Engineering and Technology at Ohio University.

Space networking: Opportunities to develop professional careers T-Minus One was the name of the club house at the golf course inside the ARC, where the students had the opportunity to chat face to face with Peter Worden, Director of NASA Ames Research Center. There was also the Convergence Café in The Diamandis Building, where the students could meet and talk with NASA employees. One of the major networking events was the meeting with the Consul General of Japan, Mr.Yasutake Nagamine, Consuls Mr. Fumitake Takahashi and Mr. Katsuya Higuchi, and our SSP 09 Japanese students. Daichi Hirano described the experience as: “A once in a lifetime opportunity to meet the external leaders of my country, and tell them all. I’ve learned about improving space exploration in our country.”

Departments A glimpse of the Departments through student’s eyes. As part of the Program, each SSP participant must choose to participate in one of seven departments. Their choices were from: Business and Management, Life Sciences, Policy and Law, Space Physical Sciences, Satellite Applications, and Systems Engineering.

Business and Management

Chair: Vasilis Zervos, ISU, France Teaching Associate: Violetta Kuvaeva,University of Strasbourg, France 

“The Business and Management Department gave us a taste of different space business activities: A real venture capitalist from Silicon Valley taught us how to set up a business plan, and a procurement manager from the European Space Agency showed us how to make a proposal for a satellite mission. The assignments were exciting but at some moments exhausting; however, we all enjoyed and learned from it.” Marline Claessens, Electrical Engineering, Erasmus Hogeschool, Brussels (Belgium) 

Physical Sciences

Chair: Eric Dahlstrom, International Space Consultants, USA Teaching Associate: Vinita Marwaha, ISU Masters Candidate  

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“Some of the activities we had, were soldering and assembling resistors, transistors, capacitors, and switches, all in the process of building a Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio receiver! With these trusty little radios, we were able to head outside and listen for ‘sferics’ (short for “atmospherics”) - impulsive signals emitted by lightning strokes within a thousand kilometers or so of the receiver. We built and operated a 3-meter microgravity drop tower. As if that wasn’t enough, in another workshop we used radiotelescopy data to calculate the temperature of the Sun and the Moon. Next, we took a field trip the Lick Observatory, built between 1876 and 1887 by one of the richest men in American history, James Lick; it is now owned and operated by the University of California.” Adam Halpert, MBA/Law student at McGill 

Satellite Applications

Chair: Scott Madry, University of North Carolina, USA Teaching Associate: Linda Moser, YGT, ESA‐ESRIN, Italy  “This department was the way for me to discover a new and different field. In this department I had the opportunity to do hands-on workshops on optical and radar remote sensing images, LIDAR, GIS, and GPS data using different software packages (ENVI, ArcGIS, NEST, Google Earth or Trimble Planning). This know-how was really suitable for me because I was able to download satellite data of my home country French Guyana, and I carried out image interpretation for my individual paper and presentation and the Team Project Disaster Risk Management.

By doing outside activities like professional visits to Google, Space Systems Loral, and telecommunication antennas, as well as the UAV applications at NASA Ames Research Center, I could see the “real” application of the theory that I have learned during the lectures. The highlight was the Zeppelin flight at the end of the department, a unique opportunity that I will never forget. That justifies the designation of SatApps to be the best department ever!” Yanne Francois­Haugrin;CNES, France 

Life Sciences

Chair: Gilles Clement, International Space University, France. Teaching Associate: Irina Thaler, University of Graz, Austria  “Life Sciences was a super enjoyable and interesting department, with loads of activities. As humans inevitably move off-planet, some of the most important questions we must answer as a society are, “What risks do spaceflight and extra-planetary settlement pose to life?” and “How can we mitigate these risks?” The life science department explored these question with a variety of experts and hands-on activities, including a neutral buoyancy simulation of the Hubble repair mission; playing with robotic telesurgery; suturing pig legs; conducting experiments on the vestibular system; going on astrobiology field trips; simulating EVAs through scubadives exercises, skyping with participants of Mars analog studies; and visiting human factor labs and centrifuges. It was so much fun and so informative that I wouldn’t have minded the entire SSP being just Life Science!” Jack  Cackler,Statistics  and  Bioengineering,  Stanford  University, KAUST  “Life Sciences also needed guinea pigs for their many final project experiments including effects of orientation on drawing, the IRIS experiment, and effects of gender. Natalie  Panek,  University  of  Toronto  Institute  for  Aerospace, Studies (UTIAS) 

We believe that this educational training will allow us to leverage our academic and professional experiences for the benefit of the Czech, European and American space communities. Specifically, we feel that we are now better positioned to contribute to space technology innovation, research, and development. We likewise hope to catalyze more informed and extensive public policy debate in our home country, as well as Europe, concerning space-related issues.

Jana Kosarkova, Prague Security Studies Institute 

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Policy and Law

Chair: Michael Davis, AdeltaLegal, Australia Henry Hertzfeld, George Washington University, USA Teaching Associate: Sandra Cabrera Alvarado, Consultant at UNESCO, Paris  “I joined the Space Policy and Law department to challenge myself and learn about a facet of the space industry completely foreign to me, with my background of Space Engineering and Physics, and I was not disappointed. Overall, I realized that what we are learning has real applications and is important on many levels. Katherine Bennell, Bachelor of Science in Advanced Physics at SydneyUniversity, Australia.  “I think the PL Department can help students who are far away from real policy and law to feel and experience it. After having my flight at the ISS, I can realize that now that without policy and law, we cannot do R&D, and without this, neither P & L can exist. All things are linked and work together for our whole Earth. I hope I can study this field more in the future for supporting my dear engineer and scientist friends.” Soyeon­Yi, Korean Astronaut Project Division, KARI  

Space Systems Engineering

Chair: Dennis Irwin, Russ College of Engineering & Technology, Ohio University, USA Teaching Associate: Daniel Garcia, GMV Aerospace and Defence, SA, Spain  “I could not be happier with my selection of the Space Systems Engineering Department! The experience of building and successfully launching a rocket as part of an international team, in only a few days, cannot be beaten! Through the various SSE activities I gained a much greater understanding and respect for

Engineers, so as I continue to go forward in my career in Business and Project Management I will understand what it is that the Engineers have to go through and I can be the best Project Manager possible. ” Kenneth L. Ashford, Jr . San Jose State University’s accelerated Executive Style Program.  “We optimized orbits to avoid space debris. We built a spectrometer and used it to identify gases. We designed, built, and tested a truss to failure, and finally we carried out the biggest and most successful ISU model rocket launch. Not bad for three weeks work. I think that doing practical examples was the best way for us to learn about the technical issues while simultaneously giving us the experience of working interculturally.” James Mulcahy, Winner of 3 out of 4 competitions, University College Dublin, Ireland 

Professional visits

The SSP 09 participants took advantage of the host site location and had the chance to go to the high-tech companies nearby the NASA Ames Research Center. These organizations include business companies and educational research centers. Visits included Google Stanford University Space Systems Loral Tours inside NASA Ames facilities Tour of Willow Garage Robotics, Inc. Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton 

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Team Projects

ACCESS Mars Assessing Cave Capabilities Establishing Specific Solutions  Project  Chair:  Rene  Laufer  University  of Stuttgart,  Germany;  Baylor University,Texas, USA Local  Facilitators:  Jhony  Zavaleta,  NASA Ames  USA; Alfonso Davila,  SETI  Institute, USA Teaching  Associate:  Beatriz  Gallardo Valdivia,  Aerospace  Research  and Technology Centre (CTAE), Spain  The human race has evolved, grown, and expanded through the exploration of Earth. After initial steps on the Moon, our next challenge is to explore the solar system. Mars shows potential for both scientific discovery and future human settlement, and is a prime candidate for the next leap of human exploration. Such a bold endeavor will be a driver for an unprecedented worldwide cooperative effort and the catalyst for a new era of intercultural and interdisciplinary human relations. Currently proposed Mars missions have identified a number of challenges including high levels of radiation, harsh environment, and limited launch windows. Technological and engineering considerations, as well as legal, ethical, and societal issues such as planetary protection and crew safety must also be addressed. The ACCESS Mars Report assesses the feasibility of overcoming such challenges through the exploitation of Mars caves. This report reviews existing reference missions and identifies areas of further research essential for adapting mission architectures to utilize caves. The report considers cave suitability from a variety of habitat criteria, and compares surface and subsurface habitat options. The ACCESS Mars Team concludes that using lava tubes for human habitats is a potentially more beneficial habitat solution than proposed surface solutions.

DREAM

Disaster Risk Evaluation and Management Project  Chair: George  Dyke, Symbios Communication, Australia Local  Facilitator:  Rich  Davis,  Western Disaster Center NASA Research Park, USA Teaching Associate: Francesc Betorz, UPC Aerospace Laboratory, Spain  From time to time disasters of such severity occur that a certain level of damage is caused, with resulting high costs to the population and infrastructure. The field of disaster risk management is relatively new, and takes a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to the threat of natural and manmade disasters. To address this issue, the ISU SSP 2009 Team Project Disaster Risk Evaluation And Management (DREAM) has established as a goal the extension of the current capabilities of World Bank’s Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) initiative by employing both space- and ground-based technologies to evaluate risk, minimize vulnerability, and mitigate the adverse effects of disasters in Central America. In particular, Belize has been chosen as a manageable, yet representative test bed for the project approach that can be extended to other disaster-prone regions.

SAFEN EARTH Space Aid for Energy Needs on Earth Project  Chair:  Chris  Welch,  Astronautics and  Space  Systems  Group,  Kingston University, UK Local  Facilitator:  Jeff  Smith,D Entrepreneurial  Initiatives  Division,  NASA Ames, USA Teaching  Associate:  Rodolphe  de  Rosee, OHB system, Bremen, Germany The world is facing a major challenge. Increasing energy consumption and its environmental impact are placing great strain on the Earth’s regenerative capabilities. Despite these pressures, people still need energy. Space technology can be used to increase the proportion of energy supplied by environmentally sustainable sources and improve the efficiency of human energy use. The need for this project is urgent, as existing and future energy demands are being driven by a growing global population and continued socioeconomic development. This report gives special attention to the deleterious effects of current energy generation, distribution, and consumption on the environment. Although oil and coal reserves will last for the next 30 years, the consumption of these resources may cause irreversible damage to our planet. In addition, demand for fossil fuels is increasing and - given their non-renewable nature - indefinite exploitation of these resources is impossible. Moving away from the use of fossil fuels toward renewable sources of energy is, without a doubt, one of humanity’s most pressing challenges.

SSP has brought together individuals from different countries with different professional background on a common platform at NASA Ames. It has been a unique experience to discuss and learn about space at a center that is associated with space research. It has been a professionally and culturally enriching experience.

Sudhira Subbaiah, INSAT/GSAT 

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PanelsSpace Policy and the Asia-Pacific Region Taking into consideration that Asian countries are moving forward quickly in the space sector, specialists in the area talked about the trends of countries such as China, Japan, and Korea, and their relations with the United States. This Panel was also complemented by the Chinese Space Panel, organized by the Chinese students. • Pete Worden, NASA Ames Research Center • Jeong-Joo Rhiu, Korean Aerospace Research Institute • Kazuto Suzuki, University of Tsukuba • Clay Moltz, Department of National Security Affairs,

Naval Post Graduate School, Monterey Moderator: John LOGSDON, Space Policy Institute, Smithsonian Institute

International Astronaut Panel ISU continued its unique tradition of organizing a panel that gathers astronauts from all over the world for an evening of discussion with students and the community. • Don Pettit, NASA • Dan Berry, NASA • Paolo Nespoli, ESA • Chiaki Mukai, JAXA • Chris Hadfield, CSA Moderator: Walter Peeters, ISU

Emerging Space Nations This year the panel focused on Chile, Venezuela, and Columbia. A new point of view into the difficulties that developing nations face as they emerge onto the space scene, and their efforts to contribute to the global goal of space exploration. • Sergio Camacho, CRECTEALC, Mexico • Nicole Jordan,X Prize, USA (Representing Colombia) • Jose Cardenas, Universidad de Santiago, Chile • Jose Cordeiro, Millenium Project, UN (Representing

Venezuela) Moderador: Ray Williamson, Secure World Foundation TA: Sandra Cabrera Alvarado

Space & Media Discussion topics included the changing face of space, and NASA’s concern that taking risks in space will continue to result in unwanted criticism from media and the public. • Leonard David, Space.Com • Michael Potter, Documentary Filmmaker • Miles O’Brien, Veteran News Reporter • Jeff Roth, Jeff Roth Productions • Harry Kloor, Producer Moderator: David Livingston, The Space Show

Gerald Soffen Memorial Panel - What’s Next For Mars Exploration? Building on the ground-breaking work that the late Gerry Soffen pioneered with the Viking missions to Mars in the mid-1970s, the past eight years (2001 to 2008) has been a phenomenally exciting period with respect to the exploration of this fascinating planet. The next generation of Mars probes needs to become more complex and costly. Due to these realities, we have seen significant delays in these next missions. Coupled with this is a global economic downturn and questions being raised as to the robustness of President Bush’s Exploration Vision (“Moon, Mars and Beyond”) and the solidity of the fi nancial support for the international Global Exploration Strategy. • Pascale Ehrenfreund, George Washington University • Hajime Yano, JAXA • Jim Green, Director Exploration Program, NASA • David Southwood, ESA Moderator: David Kendall, CSA

Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) project. The mission objective of LCROSS is to confirm either the presence or absence of water ice existing in a crater at the South Pole of the Moon. Ames Research Center is responsible for overall mission management and analysis of data retrieved by the satellite. This is an example of a NASA project that is trying to make science and exploration more accessible by working within the constraints of a limited budget. • Erin Tranfield, NASA • Michael Broxton, NASA • Victoria Friedensen, NASA • John Marmie, NASA • Paul Tompkins, NAS Moderator: Brad Bailey, NASA

The best things about SSP are the people in it. Even though the lectures are high-quality and there are plenty of learning opportunities, the best thing in SSP is meeting over a hundred new friends in the space community. The value of that cannot be measured in working hours or dollars. Aku Riihela, Finnish Meteorological Institute

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Entrepreneurial Space Business The second panel on Space Business focused on approaches to commercial space activities and included Peter Diamandis and founder of Space Adventures Ltd, Eric Anderson. The panel was organized as a Q & A session and we heard valuable advice regarding start-up businesses and common mistakes in the space industry. • Peter Diamandis, X Prize Foundation • Eric Anderson, Space Adventures Ltd. • Robert Richards, Optech Moderator: Gary Martin, NASA Ames

Student-organized panels Students contributed their own panels and presentations:

Fist Korean Astronaut Soyeon Li about her flight to the ISS.

Chinese Space Policy • Chen Jie • Yang Hong • Yang Hujun

Moderator: Wang Yan

Israel’s space policy • Yonatan Winetraub • Naama Lilach • Noam Ganot • Eyal Ben-Ze ev

Rocket Competition: The department of Space Systems Engineering had the task to build and launch a series of rockets at the Moffett Field Air Base. The students used solid propulsion systems with one or several small rocket engines, depending on design. The Rockets had to be successfully launch and then deploy a parachute to land with a payload of an Egg-onaut and a cell phone. For the landing to be a success, the Egg-onaut (a raw egg) had to remain unbroken.

“Never before have we launched rockets so big or so high!” said Daniel Garcia Yarnoz, Department Teaching Associate. Department chair Dennis Irwin responded: “Never before have we had such a high success rate: 100% of all Egg-onauts and cell phones survived!” John Connolly, workshop leader from NASA JSC, described the students’ rockets as having: “The coolest designs ever!” The winning rocket was from team MMAD, with an altitude of 192 meters. MMAD team members were: Mauro  Sakita, Mariana  Scognamiglio,  Aliac  Jojaghaian  and Deependran Balakrishna Pillai.  The Best of Show rocket award went to team: Red Hotness, with team members: Kenneth Ashford, Rebeca Martinez­Gil,  Hujun  Yang,  and  Ramakrishna Narasimhamurthy.

The SSP 2009 at NASA Ames has again shown the potential of space. But most important it showed again the power of cooperation and teamwork. Going to space is expensive and complex, and especially for a small country as the Netherlands it is essential to collaborate with other nations. Numerous contacts have been made during an intensive nine weeks period in which we were taught the numerous aspects of space. These friends will be very precious, now and in the rest of our career.

Bob Dirks, Netherlands Institute for Space Research 

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Robotics Competition:

Six teams of students built their robots using a pre-designed kit that they programmed and assembled to meet certain criteria. The robots were to collect stones, avoid obstacles, and stay inside a perimeter by using a LED sensor. The robots had to perform the required tasks in an autonomous way. Their performance was evaluated by a group of international experts. There were two awards: First, for the team with the highest amount of stones collected with best collision avoidance. The second award was Best of Show, for

the team that showed more creativity in the design and programming of their robot. First  Place  with  Highest  Score:  Robot  EVE,  with  team members: Kenneth  Ashford,  Guy DeCarufel, Olivia Haider, Felipe  Sauceda,  Rogan  Shimmin,  Yonatan Winetraub  and Takahiro Sumida.  Best of Show: Robot Super­Girl, with team members: Luis Alvarez, Bob Dirks, Yukiko Kodachi, Rebeca Martinez­Gil, Chiara Toglie and Tawon Uthaicharoenpong.

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Participating in ISU`s SSP09 was an advantage both personally and professionally, given the international and intercultural focus. Being enrolled in such a program with people across disciplines in NASA Ames Research Center, I gained an appreciation for differences in perspectives and backgrounds. The diversity presented by SSP participants provided a unique challenging opportunity for development. I am eager to share all those proficiencies with other youth, young generations, and future space leaders of my country, and utilizing it for the prosperity of Iran.

Azam Shaghaghi; Space Generation Advisory Council 

Before I participated in SSP09, I had desired that I would have some enjoyment improving my English skills. Of course, I had not had opportunities before to soak up English like I have at this SSP09. Then, I had more troubles and harder work than I had thought I would have, which happened because I could not answer quickly. But everyone was friendly and many had great leadership in SSP. With support from everyone through SSP09, I could get many benefits that helped me to be encouraged to talk English.

Naoyuki Tahara, SSP ‘09 

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Student activities

The students managed to do even more in their free time. Some of the most outstanding events were the Zero-G flight, sports matches, a trip to SPACEX, a flight in the Zeppelin, skydiving and discovering the beauty of California.

Farewell NASA Ames At the beginning of the program, a question rose saying “who has friends from more than 30 countries?” Now, you can all say “I have.” We would like to thank our host, NASA Ames, where we spent our most beautiful moments, and more stressful but worthwhile ones. See you in the future. Let’s not say good bye, but say “See you somewhere else in the world!”

"I think I speak on behalf of the class when I say that the ISU experience has been a very positive surprise. Although being rather stressful and intense at times, I am sure we all feel we have learned valuable lessons from taking part in the ISU program this summer. I know that I have personally expanded who I am, both as a professional and as a person, thanks to the people I have met and the memories we have created together. I hope our friendships will stay strong now that we are about to leave our little ISU bubble and return to the "real world". I look forward to seeing the whole class again at our next reunion! Hopefully in not too long a time!" Christina  Aas, MSc  Space  Systems  Engineering,  from  Delft University of Technology, SSP09 Class Rep 

By:Daniel By:Daniel

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Sponsors The SSP 09 is supported at different levels by the following organizations:

National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA Ames Research Center)

SSP09 Majors Sponsors

Cisco Systems Lockheed MAtrin

Northdrop Grumman Oracle

Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies The Boeing Company

The World Bank

Program Supporters

Belgian Space Office BelSPO Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) European Space Agency (ESA) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) INPE Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) Nederlands Instituut voor Vliegtuigontwikkeling en Ruimtevaart (NIVR) Norwegian Space Center Canadian Air Force City of Barcelona Enterprise Ireland EUMETSAT Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) French Air Force Provincia of Catalunia United States Air Force (USAF) Active Space Technologies Analytical Graphics China Great Wall Corporation COM DEV EADS Astrium

ESRI Inmarsat Integrated Science Solutions, Inc. ITT Visual Information Solutions JSAT MDA Corporation Perot Systems SENER Ingeniera y Sisternas SES Global Societe NAtionale d’Etude et de Construction de Moteurs D’Aviation (SNECMA) AHOORA Foundation American Astronautical Society (AAS) Ames Contractor Council Arsenault Family Foundation for the Secure World Foundation Canadian Foundation for ISU (CFISU) Caneus Centre de Technologia Aerospacial (CTAE) The Gogarty Scholarship Herzliya Science Center Iial Ramon Foundation KAUST Kyushu Institute of Technology Lady Mamie Ngan Memorial National Space Society Secure World Foundation The Planetary Society Tohoku University

The SSP09 experience has been quite impressive. We had a chance to practice the 3Is principles by: • Interdisciplinary: Being exposed to a huge amount of heritage knowledge in the space arena. • Intercultural: Learning from/about each other and sharing at the same time in a dynamic multicultural environment. • International: Having the opportunity to meet and network with people from all walks of life.

Mauro Tadao Sakita; Integration and Testing Laboratory (LIT) Walter Abrahao dos Santos; Space Engineering and Technology (ETE),Brazilian National Space Research Institute (INPE)

As the world, and especially the space industry is becoming more global with all kinds of international cooperations,the lessons learned during the SSP will prove to be priceless! For this reason, I can only recommend everyone who is Interested in working in the space industry and working in international relations to participate in the Space Studies Program in the future!

Jeffrey Apeldoorn; OHB­System AG.