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International Organization, Policy, & Law. International Organization, Policy, & Law. 4 Most Important Things to Know about IO 4 Most Important Things to Know about Foreign Policy 4 Most Important Things to Know about IL. International Organization. ~The Basics ~Evolution ~Expansion - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, POLICY, & LAW
International Organization, Policy, & Law
4 Most Important Things to Know about IO 4 Most Important Things to Know about
Foreign Policy 4 Most Important Things to Know about IL
~The Basics~Evolution~Expansion~Cooperation
International Organization
IO: BasicsWhat is International Organization?
Note ‘Organization’, no ‘s’ Modern system Actors Issues
IO: EvolutionUniversal Concern for Humans Int’l Peace Conferences, The Hague (1899,
1907) Responsibility
League of Nations United Nations
Growth in membership IGOs, NGOs
IO EvolutionAbout the United Nations Purpose Effectiveness Structure Transnational issues
Ban Ki Moon, UN Secretary General
http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/pdfs/un_system_chart_colour_sm.pdf
IO: ExpansionExpansion of IO
Increased international contact Increased interdependence Expansion of transnational problems Failure of current state-centered system
to provide security Efforts of small states to gain strength
through joint action Provide role models
IO Cooperation: IGOs
Interactive Arena Self-interest NATO
Center for Cooperation Functionalism ECOWAS
Independent International Actor Proactive UN
Supranational Governance Authority EU
Very tradition
al
Less tradition
al
More alternati
ve
Very alternati
ve
~The Basics~Evolution~Expansion~Cooperation
International Organization Recap
~The Basics~Who Influences FP within States~What Influences FP Making~Different Types of FP Diplomacy Settings
Foreign Policy
The Basics
What is Foreign Policy?What is Diplomacy
Formal relations Sovereignty
Recognize with an Embassy
Objective National self-interest
Modern era Treaty of Versailles, 1919
About Foreign Policy Diplomacy
Who is the most important diplomat for a country?
Head of Government CountryFrance, Russia, Brazil
United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, JapanChina, Czech RepublicGermanySaudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar
TitlePresident
Prime Minister
PremierChancellorKing
About Foreign Policy Diplomacy
Head of State—FigureheadCountryUnited States, China, Germany, BrazilFrance, Russia
United Kingdom, Morocco, Thailand, JapanSaudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar
TitlePresident
Prime Minister
King or Queen
King
About Diplomacy
Who Else? Head of Government Head Foreign Affairs Officer Ambassadors Civil servants
Foreign Service Officers
Country
Title
US Secretary of StateUK Foreign Secretary
France Minister of State
China Minister of Foreign Affairs
William Hague, British Foreign Secretary
Who Influences FP Making within States?
1. Executive Branch2. Legislative Branch3. Interest Groups4. Voters5. Political Opposition6. Bureaucracy7. Media
What Influences Foreign Policy?
Intermestic Issues Domestic and Int’l Factors
Let’s build a road in Kentucky Two-Level Games
Level One Diplomat to Diplomat
Level Two Diplomat to Population
What Influences Foreign Policy?
II II
I
Two Levels
Diplomat Diplomat with hat
Diplomat to Diplomat
Diplomat to Population
Diplomat to Population
What Influences Foreign Policy?2 Levels of Eurozone Crisis
Domestic Level
Greeks
International Level
Domestic LevelGermans
•Gov’t: Fix economy•Protest against changes
•Coordinate economic policy
•Gov’t Save euro•Germans upset
Domestic Level
Greeks•Gov’t: Fix economy•Protest against changes
Domestic Level
Greeks
International Level
•Gov’t: Fix economy•Protest against changes
•Coordinate economic policy
Different FP Diplomacy Settings
Situations & Policy Environments Hostile Diplomacy
Armed/potential armed Adversarial Diplomacy
Little chance of conflict Coalition Diplomacy
Cooperation Mediation Diplomacy
3rd party
~The Basics~Who Influences FP within States~What Influences FP Making~Different Types of FP Diplomacy Settings
Foreign Policy: Recap
~The Basics~Primitive Nature~Western Phenomenon~Adherence
International Law
IL: The Basics Based on customs, agreements,
treaties Increased over time
More actors More contact
Increased interdependence Greater need to coordinate policies,
actions
IL: Primitive Nature Not legislated Based on customs & agreements No overarching enforcement authority Sovereign states pursue self-interests
IL: Western Phenomenon European, then US
domination Father of International
Law Age of Reason Natural Law
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)
IL: Western Phenomenon Early law war Contemporary law
transnational issues Differences between
cultures Cultural relativism
~Adherence Issues~
International Law
International LawAdherence
Compliance is voluntary Means of enforcement Most states obey international laws- Why?
ReputationLong-term benefits v. short term lossesEmploy means to convince states to complySets precedence for cooperation
So, is international law really law? Sovereignty v. adherence
~The Basics~Primitive Nature~Western Phenomenon~Adherence
International Law: Recap