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Proceedings of the
Eighteenth International CryogenicEngineering Conference
(ICEC 18)
Mumbai, India, 21-25 February 2000
Organised under the auspices of
International Cryogenic Engineering Committee - ICEC
and
International Institute of RefrigerationIndian Cryogenics Council
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
Edited by
K G NarayankhedkarIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Mumbai, India
This edition Is authorised for sale in
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal,
Bhutan, Sikkim and Sri Lanka only.
Narosa Publishing '.
New Delhi Chennai Mumbai
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Contents
ICEC18 Committees, Sponsors and Exhibitors xxi
Preface xxv
Conference Snippets and Impressions xxvii
Plenary Presentations
Steady State Superconducting Tokamak SST-1: Magnets & Cryogenics 1
Y.C. Saxena
Radio Frequency Application of PIT-Processed Bi (2223) Tapes 13
G. Grasso
Dry-Magnet, a New Type of Superconducting Magnet which is Cooled
Directly by an Advanced Cryocooler 19
H. Ogiwara
IGCC Experience and Related Technology Improvements for Large Air
Separation Units 25
D. Bernal and G. Massimo
Cryogenic Expanders 33
H. Quack
Recent Developments in Cryocoolers 41
A. Ravex
Development of Cryogenic Propulsion Systems in ISRO 53
G. Madhavan Nair and K. Ramamurthi
Cryogenics for China Tomorrow? - a reverie- 59
C.S. Hong
v
Superconducting Devices
A Review of Superconducting Magnets Developed at National Physical
Laboratory 63
R.G. Sharma
Numerical Simulations of Possible Fault Conditions in the Cryogenic
Operation of the TTF / FEL - and Tesla Linear Accelerators 57
B.Petersen and S.Wolff
A Multi-Purpose 7 Tesla Superconducting Magnet 71
R.G. Sharma, R.B. Saxena andM.A. Ansari
Cavity RRR Measurement with Eddy Current Method for TESLA Test
Facility 75
KM. Wen, W. Singer, D. Proch, L.Z. Lin andL.Y. Xiao
Electric Circuitical Characteristics of SST-1 Cable-in-Conduit
Superconductor 79
S. Pradhan, G. Bansal, A.N. Sharma and Y.C. Saxena
Design and Analysis of Superconducting Bus Line for SST-1 83
V.L. Tanna, N.C. Gupta, S. Das, B. Sarkar and Y.C. Saxena
Superconducting Quarter Wave Resonators for Heavy Ion Acceleration 87
M.B. Kurup, M.K. Pandey, R.G. Pillay andB. Srinivasan
Development of Josephson Junctions and SQUIDs at IGCAR 91
M.P. Janawadkar, R. Baskaran, R. Saha, K. Gireesan, R. Nagendran,L.S. Vaidhyanathan, J. Jayapandian, Y. Hariharan and T.S. Radhakrishnan
New Types of Electric Machines on the Basis of the Bulk HTS Elements:
Recent Results and Future Development 95
L.K. Kovalev, K.V. Ilushin, V.T. Penkin, K.L. Kovalev, S.M.-A, Koneev,
K.A. Modestov, S.A. Larionoff, W. Gawalek, T. Habisreuther, D. Litzkendorf,B. Oswald, K.-J. Best and T. Strasser
Coil Bobbin for Stable PCS Coils 99
T. Kashima, H. Kamijo andK. Nemoto
Performance of a Superconducting High Gradient Magnetic Separator for
Processing Clay 103
G. Swaminathan, A.R. Prabhu, K.A. Durgaprasad, C. Prem Kumar,
J.V.R. Vithal, H.K. Pal.S. Sudhakar andK.M. Chowdhary
An Automatic Ultrasonic Welding Process for Interconnecting
Superconducting Wires of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 107
J-C Brunet, A. Chatelain, A. Jacquemod and I. Monleiro
VI
Cryosystem for Superconducting Machines
Cryogenic Facilities at 1.9 K for the Reception of the SuperconductingWires and Cables of the LHC Dipoles Magnets 111
K. Barth, J-P Dauvergne, N. Delruelle, G. Ferlin, A. Juillerat and 0. Pirotte
Transformation of Transient Heat Loads on SCMS to RefrigerationLoads on He Refrigerator H5
A.K. Sahu, S. Das, Y.C. Saxena, H. Quack, C.P. Dhardand B. Sarkar
Design of the He Cooling System of the Superconducting Ring Cyclotronfor the RIKEN RI Beam Factory 119
T. Kawaguchi, K. Ikegami, M. Ohtake, H. Okuno, J-i Ohnishi, A. Goto
and Y. Yano
1 kW Class Helium Refrigerator/Liquefier for SST-1 123
B. Sarkar, C.P. Dhard, Y.C. Saxena, A.K. Sahu, S. Das, H. Quack,M. Bonneton, P. Schummer, A. Caillaud and F. Dagut
Cryogenic Refrigeration for HTS Power Cables 127
M. Bechis, J.J. Clausen, D. von Dollen, J.E. Jipping, N.J. Kelleyand R.J. Sebastianutto
Cryogenic Activity for Superconducting LINAC Booster at NSC 131
T.S. Datta, J. Chacko, A. Choudhury, M. Kumar, S. Babu, J. Antony,S.A. Krishnan, S. Kar and A. Roy
R&D of High Reliable Refrigeration System for Superconducting Generators 135
H. Yanagi, M. Ikeuchi, A. Machida, K. Yamada and M. Shibuya
Cryogenic Experiences and Test Results of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X)Demo Coil Test in TOSKA 139
G. Zahn, M. Darweschsad, G. Dittrich, S. Fink, G. Friesinger, A. Gotz,
R. Heller, W. Herz, P. Komarek, O. Langhans, W. Lehmann, W. Maurer,
I. Meyer, H. Neumann, G. Nother, W. Ratajczak, J. Sapper, H. P. Schittenhelm,
G.Schleinkofer, I. Schoenewolf, R. Singer, E. Specht, H. J. Spiegel, M. Siifier,
A. Ulbricht, M. Wanner, F. Werner and F. Wiichner
Gaseous Helium Storage and Management in the Cryogenic Systemfor the LHC 143
M. Barranco-Luque and L. Tavian
Efficiency Study of a Nitrogen-Mixed Gas Cascade for Cooling the
Current Leads 147
D. Goloubev, A. Alexeev, Ch. Haberstroh and H. Quack
VII
Large Superconducting Devices
Development of 10 kA Range Vapour Cooled Current Leads for SST-1
and Associated Test Plan 151
A. Amardas, B. Sarkar, J.C. Patel, V.L. Tanna, C.P. Dhardand Y.C. Saxena
Recent Development Progress of 70 MW Class Superconducting Generators 155
T. Hirao, M. Shibuya, T. Shimada, R. Shiobara, K. Suzuki and K. Miyaike
Superconducting Generators in Power Industry 159
J.L. Bhattacharya
New CICC Design Versions with High Copper Fraction for HT-7U Tokamak 163
Y. Bi, Z. Chen, B. Li and P. Weng
Comparison of Methods for Cooling a Resistive HTSC-Fault Current Limiter 167
D. Goloubev, A. Alexeev, Ch. Haberstroh and H. Quack
Wires and Cables - AC Losses and Stability
Predictive Quench Initiation Analysis of the ITER TF Model Coil 173
C. Marinucci and L. Bottura
Pulse Height Analysis of the Spike Signals on the Balance Voltage Observed
in the LHD Helical Coils 179
N. Yanagi, S. Imagawa, S. Hamaguchi, H. Chikaraishi, K. Takahata, T. Mi/o,
A. Nishimura, H. Sekiguchi, Y. Nakamura, T. Satow, S. Satoh and 0. Motojima
Modelling of the Quench Process for the Optimisation of the Design and
Protection of Superconducting Busbars for the LHC 183
R. Schmidt and F. Sonnemann
Normal Zone Detection in SST-1 Superconducting Magnets 187
G. Bansal, A.N. Sharma, S. Pradhan, and Y.C. Saxena
Study on Frequency Dependence of AC Transport Current Losses in HTS
Tapes 191
0. Tsukamoto, D. Miyagi and M. Ciszek
Pretest Analysis of Tcs Measurements in the Central Solenoid Model Coil 195R. Zanino
,N. Martovetsky and L. Savoldi
Finite Element Analysis of Coupling Losses in the SuperconductingStrand in SST-1 199
B. Biswas and Y. C. Saxena
VIII
Cryogenics for Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Towards Cost-to-Performance Optimisation of Large Superfluid Helium
Refrigeration Systems 203S. Claudet, P. Lebrun and L. Tavian
Specification of Eight 2400W @ 1.8 K Refrigeration Units for the LHC 207
S. Claudet, P. Gayet, B. Jager, F. Millet, P. Roussel, L. Tavian and U. Wagner
2.4 kW at 1.8 K Refrigeration Units for CERN LHC Project: The Air
Liquide System 211B. Hilbert, G.M. Gistau-Baguer and F. Dagut
Four 2400 W /1.8 K Refrigeration Units for CERN-LHC: The IHI / Linde
System 215
H. Asakura, J. Boesel, T. Honda, A. Kuendig, K. Kurtcuoglu, A. Meier, M. Mori,A. -E. Senn andS. Yoshinaga
The Cryogenic System for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Detector 219
J. Bremer
The Insulation Vacuum Barrier for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)Magnet Cryostats 223
M. Castoldi, F. Dolizy, V. Parma, B. Skoczen and P. Trilhe
A Cryogenic Test Set-up for the Qualification of Pre-Series Test Cells for
The LHC Cryogenic Distribution Line 227
J. Livran, G. Mouron, C. Parente, G. Riddone, D. Rybkowski andN. Veillet
Helium Discharge and Dispersion in the LHC Accelerator Tunnel
in case of Cryogenic Failure 231
M. Chorowski, G. Konopka and G. Riddone
Experience with a Pre-Series Superfluid Helium Test Bench for LHC
Magnets 235
V. Benda, B. Vullierme andJ, Schouten
Superconducting Materials
Critical Current and Microstructural Investigations of PIT Processed
Bi-2223/Ag Tapes 239
P.L. Upadhyay andR.G. Sharma
Stability and Quench Study of the Bi-2223 Based HTSC Coil 243
V.S. Vysotsky, Yu.A. llyin, T. Kiss, K. Ohya, D. Utsunomiya, S. Noda, M. Takeo,
H. Okamoto and F. Irie
IX
Pinning Properties in Superconducting Pb-Bi Alloys (II) 247
A. Matsuda
Transport Properties at Low Temperature for YBa2Cu307 Superconductors 251
K. Watanabe and S. Awaji
Temperature Dependencies of Critical Current Density of SuperconductorsBased on NbTi and NbTiTa Alloys 255
V.Yu. Korpusov, G.P. Vedernikov, L.V. Potanina, I.N. Gubkin, A.K. Shikov,
S.I. Novikov and M.S. Novikov
Materials for Cryogenic Applications
Characterization of a Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coating (AhOj+TiOj)Prescribed to Use in Baffle Structure of a Cryocondensation Pump for
Neutral Beam Injector System 259
M. Bandyopadhyay, J. Chakraborty, P.M. Raole, S. Mukherjee, N. V.M. Rao,
Ch. Chakrapani, P.K. Jayakumar, A.K. Chakraborty, S.K. Mattoo
and NBI Team
Mechanical Properties of 316LN Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures 263
L. F. Li and K. Yang
Investigations on Improving the Wear Resistance of D3 and M2 Steels
through Cryotreatment 267
D. Mohan Lai, S. Renganarayanan and A. Kalanidhi
Design of New Molecular Magnets: Fe-Based Mo-Polycyanates 271
A.K. Sra, F. Lahitete, J.V. Yakhmi, 0. Kahn, S. Golhen andL. Ouahab
Thermal Conductivity Measurements on Urethane Modified
Polyisocyanurate Foams at Cryogenic Temperatures 275
R. Nirmala, V. Sankaranarayanan, G. Rangarajan, 0. VijayanAnd V. V. Karunakaran
Development of Inorganic Insulation Used for NbjSn Superconducting Coils 279
M. Sakai, H. Hatano, T. Wada, T. Shimonosono and H. Moriyama
Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity of Charcoal Nitrogen AdsorptionBeds in Adsorption Coolers 283
M. Jose Prakash, M. Prasad and K. Srinivasan
PAni-PMMA Blends for Cryomagnetic Temperature Sensor Applications 287
A.N. Bharthwaj, S. Angappane, D. Srinivasan, T.S. Natarajan, G. RangarajanandB. Wessling
x
Heat Transfer
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Offset Strip-Fin Heat Exchangers 291
D. Maiti and S. Sarangi
Design of an Experimental Rig for Study of Heat Transfer and Flow
Friction Characteristics ofCompact Plate Fin HeatExchangers 295
/. Ghosh, M. Mishra, P. K. Das and S. Sarangi
A Study of the Configuration and Performance of Distributor in Plate Fin
Heat Exchanger 299
J. Anjun, Y. Li, R. Zhang, P. Chunsheng, Y. Shi, C. ChunZheng andL. Zhang
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigations of Tube-in-Tube
Cryogenic Heat Exchangers 303
P. Gupta, P.K. KushandM.D. Atrey
Effect of Finite Number of Plates on the Transient Response of Perforated
Plates During a Single Blow Transient Test of Matrix Heat ExchangerSurfaces 307
F. Farhani, G. Venkatarathnam and S. Sarangi
Development of Three-Stage Passive Radiant Cooler for Cryogenic Coolingof Infra-Red Detectors of Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) of
INSAT-2 Spacecraft 311
S.C Rastogi, C.K. KrishnaPrakas, B.S. Akkimaradi, SantRam, Subramanya,M. Prasad, P.P. Gupta, D.R. Bhandari andH. Narayanamurthy
Large Low Pressure Heat Exchanger for the TTF Cryogenic System 315
E. Kashtanov, V. Pleskatch, K. Polkovnikov, A. Shembel, V. Sytnik,S. Zintchenko, B. Krakovsky, O. Krasnikova, O. Popov,H. Burmeister, B. Petersen andH.-O. Roggenbuck
A Cryogenic Test Station for Subcooling Helium Heat Exchangers for LHC 319
P. Roussel, B. Jager, andL. Tavian
Temperature Variation Induced by Cavitation Flow of Liquid Helium 323
T. Ishii, M. Maki and M. Murakami
Design of Vapour Cooled Shields of a Superinsulated Liquid Helium Dewar:
Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Studies 327
A. Senthil Kumar, S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan and G. V. Satisha
Experimental Study on a Hell Boiling Mode with Regular Pressure
Oscillation near Lambda 331
Y. Takashima and M. Murakami
xi
Propagation of Thermal Shock Wave in Compressed Hell Induced by a
Gasdynamic Shock Wave Impingement 335
H. Yang, H. Nagai, M. Murakami and Y. Ueta
Experimental Evaluation of Multilayer Insulation with Indigenous Shields
And Spacers 339
V. Ramakrishnan, A. Ramasamy, S.G. Barve, P.P. Gupta andH. Narayanamurthy
Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Evaluation of Interstitial Pressure
in Multilayer Insulations 343
T.P. Lukose, S.L. Bapat and KG. Narayankhedkar
Experimental and Mathematical Analysis of Multilayer Insulation below
80 K 347
M. Chorowski, P. Grzegory, C. Parente and G. Riddone
Dual Channel Cable in Conduit Thermohydraulics : Analysis of the
European Full Size Joint Samples Test Results 35I
A. Martinez, J-L Duchateau, P. Decool and S. Nicollet
Temperature Distribution within the W7-X Superconducting Coils 355
M. Nagel, F. Schauer and 0. Jandl
Using Fractal Network Model to Predict Thermal Contact Conductance
at Cryogenic Temperatures 359
L.P. Zhao, L. Xu, Z.C. Li, H. Sun and W. Weiyang
Tests and Modeling of Heat Generation and Heat Exchange in the Full Size
Joint Sample 353
R. Zanino and L. Savoldi
Characteristics of Liquid Neon 367
S. Fuchino, N. Tamada, I. Ishii and M. Okano
Application of Finite Difference for Estimation of Temperature Variation in
Prawns During Liquid Nitrogen Based Individual Quick Freezing Process 371
A.B. Datye, G.K. Sharma and KG. Narayankhedkar
Purification, Cryovessels and Cryostats
Studies on the Purification of Helium Gas Using a Vortex Tube 375
S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan, R. Kanmanithi and T. Jagadish
New Developments on Liquid Helium Transport Vessels 379
B. Gottschlich
XII
Design and Manufacture of 300 m3 Cryogenic Vacuum Insulated Tank in
India - A Case Study 333
P.P. Kulkarni andD. V. Patwardhan
Effects of Temperature and Liquid Volume Fraction on the Performance
of Non-Loss Storage in Cryogenic Vessels 337
L. Xu, H. Sun, Z. Li, L. Zhao, W. WeiyangandL. Zhang
Design and Testing of 200 mm Diameter Liquid Helium Cryostat 391
S. Som and K. Hosoyama
Flexible Cryocooler Interface for Liquid Helium Cryostat 395
G. Swaminathan and S.K. Padhee
Cryostats for Superconducting LINAC Booster at NSC 399
J. Chacko, S.A. Krishnan, M. V. Suresh Babu, M. Kumar, A. Choudhury, S. Kar,
J. Antony, T.S. Datta andA. Roy
"Cryholab" a New Horizontal Test Cryostat for SuperconductiveRadiofrequency Cavities 403
H. Saugnac, P. Blache, C. Commeaux, D. Grolet, N. Hammoudi, T. Junquera,S. Lambert, D. Braud, P. Sahuquet and H Sofa
Development and Testing of Superfluid-Cooled Cryostat for 1 GHzNMR
Spectrometer 4O7
A. Sato, T. Miki, T. Kiyoshi, F. Matsumoto, H. Nagai, H. Wada, S. Ito,
M. Yoshikawa, Y. Kawate and S. Fukui
Helium Refrigeration Systems
3.8 K He Refrigeration System for Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) 411
Ch. Chakrapani, H. Quack, M. Bandyopadhyay, N. V.M. Rao,
P.K. Jayakumar, A.K. Chakraborty, S.K. Mattoo andNBI Team
650 W at 4.5 K and 2001/h Refrigeration Plant for IPR Tokamak SST1
Project, Supplied by AIR LIQUIDE 415
M. Bonneton, A. Caillaud, F. Dagut and P. Schummer
Solutions for Liquid Nitrogen Pre-Cooling in Helium Refrigeration Cycles 419
U. Wagner
Dynamic Simulator of Helium Refrigeration System 423
H. Yoshimura, M. Mori and A. Miyake
Nuclotron Refrigerators in the Combined Production of Refrigeration and
Liquid Helium 427
N.N. Agapov, V.I. Batin, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan andA.D. Kovalenko
xiii
Cryogen Distribution Systems
Cooling with Sub-Cooled Liquid Nitrogen in Closed Loop Systems 431
B. Gottschlich
Studies of Cool-Down and Mass Flow of a Vertical Liquid NitrogenTransfer Line 435
S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan, M. V. Krishnamurthy and S. Rihani
Liquid Nitrogen Distribution Scheme for Cryogenic Subsystems of SST-1 439
C.P. Dhard, A.G. Ajith Kumar, B. Sarkar and Y.C. Saxena
Supercritical Helium Flow Requirement and Cooling Scheme for SST-1
SCMS 443
S. Das, N.C. Gupta, A.K. Sahu, B. Sarkar, C.P. Dhard and Y.C. Saxena
Development of High Performance LHe Test Transfer Line for SST-1 447
N.C. Gupta, V.L. Tanna, P. Rewatkar, B. Sarkar and Y.C. Saxena
VECC Superconducting Cyclotron Cryogen Distribution System 451
G. Pal, T.K. Bhattacharyya, C. Nandi, J. Pradhan, A. Dutta Gupta,J. Chaudhuri andR.K. Bhandari
Design and Analysis of Cryogenic Headers for SST-1 SCMS and CryostatCooling 455
S. Nagabhushana, S. Das, K.J. Thomas, V. Jain, V.M. Bedakihale, H.A. Pathak
and Y. C. Saxena
Cryogenic Distribution System at NSC 459
A. Choudhury, S.A. Krishnan, M. Kumar, S. Babu, S. Kar, J. Antony,J. Chacko, T.S. Datta and A. Roy
Manufacture of Bayonet Joint Transfer Tube with Check Valve 463
Y. Odashima and A. Ishida
Machinery in Cryogenics
CRESP -TURBO: A Software for Design of Cryogenic Expanders 467
P. Sen, P. Ghosh and S. Sarangi
Design of Floating Pad Journal Bearings for a Cryogenic Turboexpander 471
A. Chakravarty and S. Sarangi
Design of Aerostatic Bearings for a Cryogenic Turboexpander 475A. Chakravarty andS. Sarangi
Prediction of Off-Design Performance of a Cryogenic TurboexpanderUsing a Meanline Calculation Procedure 479P. Ghosh and S. Sarangi
xiv
Static Stress Analysis of a Cryogenic Turboexpander Using Finite ElementMethod
483P. Ghosh and S. Sarangi
New Gas-Lubricated Foil Bearing Cryogenic Turboexpander 487L.Y.Xiong, Y. Hou, J. Wang, C.Z. ChenandL. Zhang
Investigation of Damages of the Slide Bearings in the HERA Helium Screw
Compressors 491
E. Gadwinkel, H. Herzog, H. Lierl and F. Quast
Experimental Investigation on Cryogenic Piston Pump 495
Q. Li, U. Ruppert, Z. Szuecs and H-D. Denner
3.8 K Liquid Helium Large Area Cryocondensation Pump 499
N. V.M. Rao, Ch. Chakrapani, H. Quack, M. Bandyopadhyay, P.K Jayakumar,A.K. Chakraborty, S.K. Mattoo and NBI Team
High Capacity Helium Purifier for 14 g/s at 200 bar 503
H. Neumann and G. Perinic
Pulse Tube Cryocoolers
About the Miniature Pulse Tube Project of ILK Dresden 507
G. Kaiser andA. Binneberg
Efficiency Test of the Linear Pressure Oscillator for Miniature Pulse Tube
Cooler 511
Y. Jianhii, Y. Zhou, L. Jingtao, Z. Wenxiu, L. Shishu and T. Zhongda
High Frequency Co-Axial Pulse Tube Refrigerator Capable of Reaching 61K 515
Y. Zhou, Y. Hou, L. Jingtao, J. Yang and Z. Wenxiu
Development of Second Order Isothermal Model of Orifice Type Pulse Tube
Refrigerator (OPTR) with Linear Compressor 519
M.D. Atrey and KG. Narayankhedkar
Phasor Analysis of Orifice Pulse Tube Cryocooler 523
K.P. Desai, H.B. Naik and KG. Narayankhedkar
Experimental Investigations on Pulse Tube Refrigerator 527
B.S. GawaliandN.K. Sane
Experimental Investigation of Pulse Tube - Gas Wave Refrigerator 531
Z. Li, L. Xu, W. Xiong, L. Zhao and L. Zhang
Feasibility Study of Applying Thermal Compressor to 4 K Pulse Tube Cooler 535
Y. Matsubara andS.L. Zhou
xv
Design and Development of a Single Stage Double Inlet Pulse Tube
Refrigerator 539
R. Karunanithi, S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan, U. Behera and D.S. Nadig
Developments on Single and Double Stage GM Type Pulse Tube
Cryorefrigerators 543
A. Ravex, J.M. Poncetandl. Charles
Elliptical and Circular Pulse Tubes: A Comparative Experimental Study 547
S. Kasthurirengan, G. Thummes and C. Heiden
Length of Gas Buffer in Pulse Tube of PTR 551
Q.Li, Y.Feng and F. Guo
Low-Noise Cooling of HT-SQUIDs by Means of a Pulse Tube Cooler with
Additional Vibration Compensation 555
C. Lienerth, G. Thummes and C. Heiden
LM Series Pulse Tube Cryotherapy Instrument 559
Y. Lingwen, W. Junjie, Y. Zhou, Z. Wenxiu, L. Ercang and L. Jingtao
Xenon Liquefaction Using a Pulse Tube Refrigerator 563
T. Haruyama and K. Kasami
J-T, G-M and Stirling Cryocoolers
Development of Rapid Cooldown Throttle-Cycle Coolers Operating with
Mixed Refrigerants 557
A. Khatri and M. Boiarski
Research on a Mixed-Refrigerant J-T Refrigerator Used for Cryosurgery 571
M. Gong, L. Ercang and Y. Zhou
An Analysis of a GM Refrigerator with HoSb as Its Regenerative Material 575
H. Nakane, T. Hashimoto, S. Yamazaki, T. Numazawa, M. Okamura,T. Kuriyama and Y. Ohtani
Cyclic Analysis and Experimental Investigation of a Single Stage G-M
Cryocooler 579
B. Duttagupta, P.K. Kush andM.D. Atrey
Experimental Study on a New Type ofSealing— Regeneration-LabyrinthSealing for Displacer in Cryocoolers 583
L.Q. Liu, L. Zhang andL. H. Gong
Design Charts for Linear Motor of Miniature Stirling Cryocoolers 587
H.K. Agrawal and KG. Narayankhedkar
xvi
Design and Development of a Voice Coil Motor Driven Split StirlingCryocooler for Space-Borne Applications 591
A.S. Gaunekar, S.L. Bapat andKG. Narayankhedkar
Experimental Investigations of a Voice Coil Motor Driven Split StirlingCryocooler for Space-Borne Applications 595
A.S. Gaunekar, S.L. Bapat andKG. Narayankhedkar
Analysis, Design and Development of Miniature Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers 599
B. T. Kuzhiveli, S.L. Bapat and K. G. Narayankhedkar
Dedicated HTS Stirling Cryogenerators 603
J.A.M. Dam andR. den Heijer
Performance Estimates of Stirling Cycle Cryocooler Using Two-ComponentTwo-Phase Mixture 607
S.L. Bapat
Feasibility of Alpha Configuration for Miniature Stirling Cycle Coolers 611
S.L. Bapat
Instrumentation
Miniature High Pressure Cell for Electrical Resistance Measurements 615
A. Mani, A. Bharathi, V.S. Sastry, Y. Hariharan and T.S. Radhakrishnan
Use of Platinum Resistance Thermometer as a Fast Response Liquid
Nitrogen Detector 619
S.M. Pattalwar
Tests of the Cryogenic Thermometers at Very Big Doses ofGamma
Radiation 623
Yu.P. Filippov, E.N. Kulagin, V.M. Miklayev, A.K. Sukhanova, and S.Wolff
Characteristics of Russian Cryogenic Temperature Sensors 627
Yu.A. Dedikov and Yu.P. Filippov
Void Fraction Sensor for Two-Phase Superfluid Helium Flow 631
Yu.P. Filippov, A.M. Kovrizhnykh andS.V. Romanov
Calibration Results of Superconductive Hot-Wire Anemometer for the Use
around 2 K 635
H. Okubo, T. Furukawa and M. Murakami
A Simple Insertible Low Field SQUID Magnetometer 639
R. Nagendran, K. Gireesan, M.P. Janawadkar, R. Baskaran, R. Saha,
L.S. Vaidhyanathan, J. Jayapandian, Y. Hariharan and T.S. Radhakrishnan
XVII
Gas Analyzers for Binary Gas Mixtures Based on Acoustic Resonance 643
S. Kasthurirengan, S. Jacob and R. Karunanithi
Operational Amplifiers and Bipolar Transistors at 77 K 647
W. Nawrocki, S. Michalak and J. Pajakowski
Investigation of the Discharge Coefficient of Small Venturi Tubes 651
M. Siifier and W. Jitschin
Instrumentation, Field Network and Process Automation for the LHC
Cryogenic Line Tests 555
T. Bager, C. Balle, G. Bertrand, J. Casas, P. Gomes, C. Parente,G. Riddone and A. Suraci
Space Applications
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Cryogenic Rocket PropulsionSystems 559
A. Tarafder, G. Raghuram Kumar and S. Sarangi
Thermal Performance Evaluation of INSAT-2 Passive Radiant Cooler under
Simulated Space Environment 553
S.C. Rastogi, C.K. Krishna Prakas, B.S. Akkimaradi, Sant Ram, Subramanya,M. Prasad, P.P. Gupta, D.R. Bhandari andH. Narayanamurthy
Development of Cryogenic Turbopump 667
N.K Gupta
Development of Thrust Chamber forLOX-LH2 Cryogenic Engine 671
E.V.S. Namboodiry and S.C. Ghosh
Electroforming Process for the Fabrication of Cryogenic Rocket EngineThrust Chamber (J75
S. John, P. Veeramani, K.N. Srinivasan, PR. Thangavelu, N. V. Shanmugamand M. Raghavan
Design and Performance of «t> 0.6 m Thermal Vacuum Chamber 679
P. Govindan, M. Satyanarayana, D.Karnik, N.K. Misra and B.N. Baliga
Materials/Electrical Wiring Processes and Qualification Testing in SpaceCryogenic Application 533
T.S. Nanjundaswamy, H.R. Sanandan, M.C. John, E. Lakshmipati, M. Sivaraman,
S.C. Rastogi, B.S. Akkimaradi, Sant Ram and Subramanya
Applications of Space Cryo-Radiating Technology for Chinese
Meteorological Satellites ^37
W. Weiyang, D. Deping, Z. Yuling and Y. Chunyan
xviii
Applications and Novel Concepts
Cryogenic Grinding Technology 691
A. Mathur
A Novel Epididymal Sperm Model for Analyzing the CryoprotectingPotential of Various Reagents 595
C. Kundu, J. Chakraborty, P. Dutta, D. Bhattacharyya, A. Ghosh
and G. C. Majumder
Experimental Investigation on Performance of Erbium Doped Fiber
Amplifier at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature 701
S.K. Narayankhedkar, R.K. Shevgaonkar and KG. Narayankhedkar
Network Modeling of Thermoacoustic Devices 705
K. Dong, Q. Li and J. Wu
Author Index 709
XK