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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE ORGANIZATION
CHEMISTRY DATA BOOKLET
March 2003
To be used in the teaching and examination ofDiploma Programme chemistry
Valid for examination sessions from May 2003
Chemistry Data BookletFirst published August 2001
Reprinted with minor corrections March 2003Updated January 2006
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2001
Organisation du Baccalauréat InternationalRoute des Morillons 15
Grand-Saconnex, GenèveCH-1218
SWITZERLAND
Notes
This booklet cannot be used for paper 1 of the examination (HLP1 and SLP1), but theperiodic table given on page 4 will be available as part of these examination papers. Cleancopies of this booklet must be made available to candidates for papers 2 and 3 (HLP2, HLP3,SLP2 and SLP3).
Contents
1. Some Relevant Equations 2
2. Physical Constants 2
3. Fundamental Particles 2
4. Names of the First 103 Elements 3
5. The Periodic Table 4
6. Melting Points and Boiling Points of the Elements 5
7. First Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity and Electronegativity of the Elements 6
8. Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements 7
9. Covalent Bond Lengths 8
10. Average Bond Enthalpies at 298 K 8
11. Organic Compounds�—Thermodynamic Data 9
12. Ellingham Diagram 10
13. Enthalpies of Combustion 11
14. Lattice Enthalpies at 298 K (Experimental and Theoretical Values) 12
15. Standard Electrode Potentials 13
16. Strengths of Organic Acids and Bases 14
17. Acid�–base Indicators 15
18. Infrared Data 16
19. 1H NMR Data 17
20. 2-amino Acids 18
21. Structural Formulas of Some Important Medicines and Drugs 20
22. Structural Formulas of Some Important Biological Molecules 22
1. Some Relevant Equations
or[ ] [ ] kto
A A e!=[ ][ ]
oln =A
ktA
aERTk Ae
!
= ln lnaEk ART
= ! +
IlogI
o lc10 = "12
0.693tk
=
PV PVT T1 1 2 2
1 2
=G H T S# = # ! #
E mc2=E hf=
2. Physical Constants
Avogadro�’s constant (L) = 6.02 × 1023 mol-1
Gas constant (R) = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
Molar volume of an ideal gas at 273 K, 1.01 × 105 Pa = 2.24 × 10-2 m3 mol-1 (22.4 dm3 mol-1)Speed of light in a vacuum (c) = 3.00 × 108 m s-1
Planck constant (h) = 6.63 × 10-34 J sSpecific heat capacity of water = 4.18 kJ kg-1 K-1 ( = 4.18 J g-1 K-1)Ionic product constant for water (Kw) = 1.00 × 10-14 mol2 dm-6 at 298 K(1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa)(1 dm3 = 1 litre = 1 × 10-3 m3 = 1 × 103 cm3)
3. Fundamental Particles
9.109534 × 10-31
1.602189 × 10-19
1.674954 × 10-27
0
1.672648 × 10-27
1.602189 × 10-19
Mass/kg
Charge/C
ElectronNeutronProton
2 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
4. Names of the First 103 Elements
804260109328417
102768
46157894841959619188867545374462213414471138167343526581906950227492235470393040
HgMoNdNeNpNiNbN
NoOsOPdPPtPuPoKPrPmPaRaRnReRhRbRuSmScSeSiAgNaSrS
TaTcTeTbTlThTmSnTiWUVXeYbYZnZr
mercurymolybdenumneodymiumneonneptuniumnickelniobiumnitrogennobeliumosmiumoxygenpalladiumphosphorusplatinumplutoniumpoloniumpotassiumpraseodymiumpromethiumprotactiniumradiumradonrheniumrhodiumrubidiumrutheniumsamariumscandiumseleniumsiliconsilversodiumstrontiumsulfurtantalumtechnetiumtelluriumterbiumthalliumthoriumthuliumtintitaniumtungstenuraniumvanadiumxenonytterbiumyttriumzinczirconium
8913955118338556974
835
35485520986
58172427299666996863
1009
8764313279722
671
495377263657
103823
711225
101
AcAlAmSbArAsAtBaBkBeBiBBrCdCsCaCfCCeClCrCoCuCmDyEsErEuFmFFrGdGaGeAuHfHeHoHInIIrFeKrLaLrPbLiLuMgMnMd
actiniumaluminiumamericiumantimonyargonarsenicastatinebariumberkeliumberylliumbismuthboronbrominecadmiumcaesiumcalciumcaliforniumcarbonceriumchlorinechromiumcobaltcoppercuriumdysprosiumeinsteiniumerbiumeuropiumfermiumfluorinefranciumgadoliniumgalliumgermaniumgoldhafniumheliumholmiumhydrogenindiumiodineiridiumironkryptonlanthanumlawrenciumleadlithiumlutetiummagnesiummanganesemendelevium
AtomicNumber
SymbolElementAtomicNumber
SymbolElement
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
5. The Periodic Table
103Lr
(260)
102No
(259)
101Md(258)
100Fm(257)
99Es
(254)
98Cf
(251)
97Bk
(247)
96Cm(247)
95Am(243)
94Pu
(244)
93Np
(237)
92U
238.03
91Pa
231.04
90Th
232.04
�‡
71Lu
174.97
70Yb
173.04
69Tm
168.93
68Er
167.26
67Ho
164.93
66Dy
162.50
65Tb
158.92
64Gd
157.25
63Eu
151.96
62Sm
150.35
61Pm
146.92
60Nd
144.24
59Pr
140.91
58Ce
140.12
�†
89 �‡Ac
(227)
88Ra
(226)
87Fr
(223)
86Rn
(222)
85At
(210)
84Po
(210)
83Bi
208.98
82Pb
207.19
81Tl
204.37
80Hg
200.59
79Au
196.97
78Pt
195.09
77Ir
192.22
76Os
190.21
75Re
186.21
74W
183.85
73Ta
180.95
72Hf
178.49
57 �†La
138.91
56Ba
137.34
55Cs
132.91
54Xe
131.30
53I
126.90
52Te
127.60
51Sb
121.75
50Sn
118.69
49In
114.82
48Cd
112.40
47Ag
107.87
46Pd
106.42
45Rh
102.91
44Ru
101.07
43Tc
98.91
42Mo95.94
41Nb
92.91
40Zr
91.22
39Y
88.91
38Sr
87.62
37Rb
85.47
36Kr
83.80
35Br
79.90
34Se
78.96
33As
74.92
32Ge
72.59
31Ga
69.72
30Zn
65.37
29Cu
63.55
28Ni
58.71
27Co
58.93
26Fe
55.85
25Mn54.94
24Cr
52.00
23V
50.94
22Ti
47.90
21Sc
44.96
20Ca
40.08
19K
39.10
18Ar
39.95
17Cl
35.45
16S
32.06
15P
30.97
14Si
28.09
13Al
26.98
12Mg24.31
11Na
22.99
10Ne
20.18
9F
19.00
8O
16.00
7N
14.01
6C
12.01
5B
10.81
4Be9.01
3Li
6.94
2He4.00
Atomic Number
Element
Atomic Mass
1H
1.01
IB Diploma Programme Chemistry Data Booklet, August 2001 4
4 IB
Diplom
a Programm
e: Chem
istry Data Booklet, M
arch 2003
6. Melting Points and Boiling Points of the Elements
1320
Ac
3470
973
Ra
1413
300
Fr
950
202 Rn
211
575
At
610
527
Po
1235
545
Bi
1833
601
Pb
2013
577
Tl
1730
234
Hg
630
1338
Au
3080
2045
Pt
4100
2683
Ir
4403
3327
Os
5300
3453
Re
5900
3680
W
5930
3269
Ta
5698
2503 Hf
5470
1194
La
3730
983
Ba
2023
302 Cs
952
161 Xe
166
387 I
458
723
Te
1263
904
Sb
2023
505
Sn
2543
429
In
2353
594
Cd
1038
1235
Ag
2485
1825 Pd
3413
2239
Rh
4000
2583
Ru
4173
2445
Tc
5150
2890
Mo
4885
2741 Nb
5015
2125
Zr
4650
1780 Y
3611
1042
Sr
1657
312
Rb
961
117 Kr
121
266
Br
332
490
Se
958
889
As
1211
Ge
3103
303
Ga
2676
693
Zn
1180
1357
Cu
2840
1726
Ni
3005
1768
Co
3143
1808
Fe
3023
1517
Mn
2235
2130
Cr
2755
1973
V
3650
1933
Ti
3560
1814
Sc
3104
1112
Ca
1757
337 K
1047
84
Ar
87
172
Cl
239
392
S
718
317
P
553
1683
Si
2628
936
Al
2740
922
Mg
1363
371
Na
1156
25
Ne
27
54
F
85
55 O
90
63
N
77
4100
C
5100
2573
B
3931
1551
Be
3243
454
Li
1600
1 He
4
M.pt/K
Element
B.pt/K
14 H
20
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 5
IB D
iploma Program
me: C
hemistry D
ata Booklet, March 2003
5
7. First Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity and Electronegativity of the Elements
669
Ac1.1
510
Ra0.9
381
Fr0.7
1040
Rn 920
At2.2
812
Po2.0
703
Bi1.9
716
Pb1.8
590
Tl1.8
1010
Hg1.9
891
Au2.4
866
Pt2.2
887
Ir2.2
841
Os2.2
762
Re1.9
770
W1.7
760
Ta1.5
531
Hf1.3
540
La1.1
502
Ba0.9
376
Cs0.7
1170
Xe1010 -314
I2.5
870
Te2.1
833
Sb1.9
707
Sn1.8
556
In1.7
866
Cd1.7
732
Ag1.9
803
Pd2.2
745
Rh2.2
724
Ru2.2
699
Tc1.9
694
Mo1.8
653
Nb1.6
669
Zr1.4
636
Y1.2
548
Sr1.0
402
Rb0.8
1350
Kr1140 -342
Br2.8
941
Se2.4
966
As2.0
762
Ge1.8
577
Ga1.6
908
Zn1.6
745
Cu1.9
736
Ni1.8
757
Co1.8
762
Fe1.8
716
Mn1.5
653
Cr1.6
648
V1.6
661
Ti1.5
632
Sc1.3
590
Ca1.0
418
K0.8
1520
Ar
1260 -364
Cl3.0
1000 -200 (S- +532)
S2.5
1060 -70
P2.1
786 -180
Si1.8
577 -47
Al1.5
736
Mg1.2
494 -71
Na0.9
2080
Ne1680 -348
F4.0
1310 -142 (O- +844)
O3.5
1400 -3
N3.0
1090 -120
C2.5
799 -29
B2.0
Element
Electronegativity
900
Be1.5
519 -52
Li1.0
2370
HeElectronaffinity /kJ mol -1
First ionization energy / kJ mol -1
1310 -72
H2.1
IB Diploma Programme Chemistry Data Booklet, August 2001 6
6 IB
Diplom
a Programm
e: Chem
istry Data Booklet, M
arch 2003
8. Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements
200
Ac
220
Ra
270
Fr
Rn
140
At
140
Po
170
Bi
120 (3+)
175
Pb120 (2+) 84 (4+)
171
Tl
95 (3+)
152
Hg127 (1+)110 (2+)
144
Au137 (1+) 85 (3+)
138
Pt
135
Ir
66 (4+)
134
Os
67 (4+)
137
Re
137
W
68 (4+)
143
Ta
73 (5+)
157
Hf
81 (4+)
188
La
115 (3+)
217
Ba
34 (2+)
262
Cs
167 (1+)
Xe
133
I
219 (1-)
137
Te
222 (2-)
141
Sb
245 (3-)
162
Sn112 (2+)71 (4+)
166
In
81 (3+)
149
Cd
97 (2+)
144
Ag
126 (1+)
138
Pd
134
Rh
86 (2+)
133
Ru
65 (4+)
135
Tc
136
Mo
68 (4+)
141
Nb
70 (5+)
157
Zr
80 (4+)
180
Y
93 (3+)
215
Sr
110 (2+)
244
Rb
148 (1+)
Kr
114
Br
196 (1-)
117
Se
202 (2-)
121
As
222 (3-)
122
Ge53 (4+)272 (4-)
141
Ga
62 (3+)
133
Zn
74 (2+)
128
Cu 96 (1+) 69 (2+)
124
Ni
72 (2+)
125
Co74 (2+) 63 (3+)
126
Fe76 (2+) 64 (3+)
129
Mn80 (2+) 60 (4+)
125
Cr
63 (3+)
131
V 88 (2+) 59 (5+)
146
Ti90 (2+)68 (4+)
160
Sc
81 (3+)
197
Ca
94 (2+)
231
K
133 (1+)
Ar
99
Cl
181 (1-)
104
S
190 (2-)
110
P
212 (3-)
117
Si42 (4+)271 (4-)
143
Al
45 (3+)
160
Mg 65 (2+)
186
Na 98 (1+)
Ne
58
F
133 (1-)
66
O
146 (2-)
70
N
171 (3-)
77
C
260 (4-)
88
B
16 (3+)
Element
Ionicradius/10-12 m
112
Be
30 (2+)
152
Li
68 (1+)
He
Atomic radius/
10-12 m
30
H 154 (1-)
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 7
IB D
iploma Program
me: C
hemistry D
ata Booklet, March 2003
7
9. Covalent Bond Lengths
0.1090.1460.1010.1420.0960.1350.0920.1280.1410.160
0.1430.1220.1360.1470.1270.1160.1350.1380.1770.1690.1930.214
0.150
C�–H Si�–H N�–H P�–H O�–H S�–H F�–H Cl�–H Br�–H I�–H
C�–O C=O C�–O (in phenol) C�–N C=N C N C�–N (in phenylamine) C�–F C�–Cl C�–Cl (in chlorobenzene) C�–Br C�–I
Si�–O
0.0740.1540.1340.1200.1390.2350.1460.1200.1100.2210.1480.1210.2070.1880.1420.1990.2280.267
H�–H C�–C C=C C C C�–C (in benzene) Si�–Si N�–N N=N N N P�–P (P4) O�–O O=O S�–S (S8) S=S F�–F Cl�–Cl Br�–Br I�–I
Bond length/nm
BondBond length/nm
Bond
10. Average Bond Enthalpies at 298 K
412318388322463338562431366299
360743305613890484338276238
374
C�–H Si�–H N�–H P�–H O�–H S�–H F�–H Cl�–H Br�–H I�–H
C�–O C=O C�–N C=N C N C�–F C�–Cl C�–Br C�–I
Si�–O
436442348612837518226188151163409944172146496264158242193151
H�–H D�–D C�–C C=C C C C�–C (benzene) Si�–Si Ge�–Ge Sn�–Sn N�–N N=N N N P�–P O�–O O=O S�–S F�–F Cl�–Cl Br�–Br I�–I
#H / kJ mol-1 Bond#H / kJ mol-1 Bond
8 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
11. Organic Compounds�—Thermodynamic Data
186230270310348387219267307301296201248279204269173320360345234179203246222163
276
264208314238127282161146219266295129160167
242285105
-51-33-24-16-80
6863726764
20919415227
130125122131214-59-63-72-263
20
-53
52-8099
-162-166-169-175-51
-110-134-152-346-392-245
2837-47
-75-85
-104-125-146-16752201-6
-10227185112-15683495030
148-82
-117-132-36-20-8
141-105-85-3131
-16652
-201-239-235-278-163-116-166-216-409-487-385-481-320-28-49
-333
gggggggggggggglglggggllgllsgllglgglglsgggllslsggs
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8 C4H8 C4H8
C2H2
C3H4
C4H6 C6H12 C6H6
C6H6
C6H5CH3
C6H5CH2CH3
C6H5CHCH2
CH3ClCH2Cl2
CHCl3
CH3BrCHBr3
CH3ICHI3
C2H5ClC2H5BrC2H5IC2H3ClCH2ClCH2ClC6H5ClCH3OHCH3OHC2H5OHC2H5OHC6H5OHHCHOCH3CHO(CH3)2COHCOOHCH3COOHC6H5COOHCH3COOC2H5
CH3CONH2
CH3NH2
C2H5NH2
CO(NH2)2
methaneethanepropanebutanepentanehexaneethenepropenebut-1-enecis-but-2-enetrans-but-2-eneethynepropynebuta-1,3-dienecyclohexanebenzene benzene methylbenzeneethylbenzenephenylethenechloromethanedichloromethanetrichloromethanebromomethanetribromomethaneiodomethanetriiodomethanechloroethanebromoethaneiodoethanechloroethene1,2-dichloroethanechlorobenzenemethanol methanol ethanol ethanol phenolmethanalethanalpropanonemethanoic acidethanoic acidbenzoic acidethyl ethanoateethanamidemethylamineethylamineurea
S / J K-1 mol-1#Gf / kJ mol-1#Hf / kJ mol-1State FormulaSubstance
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 9
12. Ellingham Diagram
Standard Gibbs free energy changes of formation, #G f , for oxides given per mole of oxygen gasas a function of temperature.
0
�– 200
�– 400
�– 600
�– 800
�– 1000
�– 1200
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ag
Hg
C
Pb
Fe
CO
Zn
Cr
Ti
Al
Mg
Ca
Pb
4Ag+O 2Ag O2
2
2Hg+O 2HgO
2
2Pb+O 2PbO2
2Fe+O 2FeO2
2Zn+O 2ZnO
2
Cr+O Cr O
2
232
3�–
43�–
Al+O Al O
2
232
3�–43�–
2Mg+O 2MgO
2
2Ca+O 2CaO
2
Ti+O TiO
2
2
2C+O 2CO
2CO+O 2CO
2
2
C
Temperature / K
10 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
f / kJmolG !1#
2 2C O CO+ $
13. Enthalpies of CombustionThe values of the molar enthalpy of combustion in the following table refer to a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1.01 × 105 Pa (1 atm).
-2010-2673-4056-3727-3064-2727-561
-1167-3520-1786-3078-4138-6512-263-876
-3227-246
-2246-1182-3546-1072-1709-3397-3094-634
-2816-5644
11lsslgllllssllsslssggllsss
C3H7OHC4H9OHC6H5CH2OHC6H11OHC6H5OH(C2H5)2OHCHOCH3CHOC6H5CHO(CH3)2CO(C2H5)2COCH3COC6H5
(C6H5)2COHCOOHCH3COOHC6H5COOH(COOH)2
CH3COOC2H5
CH3CONH2
C6H5CONH2
CH3NH2
C2H5NH2
C6H5NH2
C6H5NO2
CO(NH2)2
C6H12O6
C12H22O11
propan-1-olbutan-1-olphenylmethanolcyclohexanolphenolethoxyethanemethanalethanalbenzaldehydepropanonepentan-3-onephenylethanonediphenylmethanonemethanoic acidethanoic acidbenzoic acidethanedioic acidethyl ethanoateethanamidebenzamidemethylamineethylaminephenylaminenitrobenzeneureaglucosesucrose
-286-297-394-395-283-890
-1560-2220-2877-3509-4194-5512-3924-1409-2542-1299-3273-3909-5157-7114-1325-1425-1490-3709-373-715
-1371
gsssgggggglllggggllssggllll
H2
SCCCOCH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C8H18
C6H12
C2H4
C4H6
C2H2
C6H6
C6H5CH3
C10H8
C14H10
C2H5ClC2H5BrC2H5IC6H5CH2ClCHCl3
CH3OHC2H5OH
hydrogensulfur carbon (graphite)carbon (diamond)carbon monoxidemethaneethanepropanebutanepentanehexaneoctanecyclohexaneethenebuta-1,3-dieneethynebenzenemethylbenzenenaphthaleneanthracenechloroethanebromoethaneiodoethane(chloromethyl)benzenetrichloromethanemethanolethanol
/ kJ mol-1cH#State Formula Substance / kJ mol-1
cH#State Formula Substance
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 11
IB D
iploma Program
me: C
hemistry D
ata Booklet, March 2003
11
c( )H#
14. Lattice Enthalpies at 298 K (Experimental and Theoretical Values)
The lattice enthalpy values given relate to the endothermic processlattice( )H#in which the gaseous ions of a crystal are separated to an infinite distance from each other.
Experimental Values The data in these two tables are experimental values obtained by means of a suitable Born�–Haber cycle.
744684629609585
800733670647619
846771701675645
1022902801767716
Li Na K Rb Cs
IBrClF
/ kJ mol-1latticeH#Alkali metal halides
3238296627792643976955905890876640
MgS CaS SrS BaS CuCl AgF AgCl AgBr AgI NH4Cl
2602300624932237211220183889351333103152
CaF2
BeCl2
MgCl2
CaCl2
SrCl2
BaCl2
MgO CaO SrO BaO
/ kJ mol-1latticeH#Other substances/ kJ mol-1
latticeH#Other substances
Theoretical Values These two tables contain lattice enthalpies calculated from electrostatic principles on the basis ofa purely ionic model for the crystal.
728686632607582
787732665644611
833766690674636
1004891795761728
Li Na K Rb Cs
IBrClF
/ kJ mol-1latticeH#Alkali metal halides
870770758736
AgF AgCl AgBr AgI
26113929347732053042
CaF2
MgO CaO SrO BaO
/ kJ mol-1latticeH#Other substances/ kJ mol-1
latticeH#Other substances
12 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
MX(s) M (g) X (g)+ !$ +
15. Standard Electrode Potentials
+2.87F-(aq)½F2 (g) + e- +1.51Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)MnO4
-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e-
+1.36Cl-(aq)½Cl2(g) + e-
+1.332Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e-
+1.23H2O(l)½O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-
+1.09Br-(aq)½Br2 (l) + e- +0.80Ag(s)Ag+(aq) + e-
+0.77Fe2+(aq)Fe3+(aq) + e- +0.54I-(aq)½I2(s) + e-
+0.52Cu(s)Cu+(aq) + e- +0.402OH-(aq)½O2(g) + H2O(l) + 2e- +0.34Cu(s)Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
+0.17H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)SO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e-
+0.15Cu+(s)Cu2+(aq) + e-
0.00½H2(g)H+(aq) + e-
-0.13Pb(s)Pb2+(aq) + 2e-
-0.14Sn(s)Sn2+(aq) + 2e-
-0.23Ni(s)Ni2+(aq) + 2e-
-0.44Fe(s)Fe2+(aq) + 2e- -0.76Zn(s)Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
-0.83½H2(g) + OH-(aq)H2O(l) + e-
-1.18Mn(s) Mn2+(aq) + 2e-
-1.66Al(s)Al3+(aq) + 3e-
-2.36Mg(s)Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
-2.71Na(s) Na+(aq) + e-
-2.87Ca(s)Ca2+(aq) + 2e-
-2.92K(s)K+(aq) + e-
-3.03Li(s)Li+(aq) + e-
E / VOxidized species Reduced species
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 13
16. Strengths of Organic Acids and Bases
The acid strengths in the following tables are given in terms of pKa values, where pKa = -log10 Ka.The dissociation constant, Ka, values are for aqueous solutions at 298 K. Base strengths are given interms of pKb values.
Carboxylic Acids
3.754.764.874.824.854.865.054.204.31
HCOOHCH3COOHCH3CH2COOHCH3(CH2)2COOH(CH3)2CHCOOHCH3(CH2)3COOH(CH3)3CCOOHC6H5COOHC6H5CH2COOH
methanoic ethanoic propanoic butanoic 2-methylpropanoic pentanoic 2,2-dimethylpropanoic benzoic phenylethanoic
pKa Formula Name
Halogenated Carboxylic Acids
2.861.290.652.662.903.17
CH2ClCOOHCHCl2COOHCCl3COOHCH2FCOOHCH2BrCOOHCH2ICOOH
chloroethanoic dichloroethanoic trichloroethanoic fluoroethanoic bromoethanoic iodoethanoic
pKa Formula Name
Phenols
10.00 7.21 8.35 7.15 4.01 0.42
C6H5OHO2NC6H4OHO2NC6H4OHO2NC6H4OH(O2N)2C6H3OH(O2N)3C6H2OH
phenol 2-nitrophenol 3-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
pKaFormula Name
Alcohols
15.516 (approximately)
CH3OHC2H5OH
methanol ethanol
pKaFormula Name
14 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
Amines
4.753.363.273.284.203.073.369.38
NH3
CH3NH2
CH3CH2NH2
(CH3)2NH(CH3)3N(C2H5)2NH(C2H5)3NC6H5NH2
ammonia methylamine ethylamine dimethylamine trimethylamine diethylamine triethylamine phenylamine
pKbFormula Name
17. Acid�–base Indicators
yellowblueblueyellowblueredred
redyellowyellowredyellowyellowcolourless
3.1�–4.43.0�–4.63.8�–5.44.2�–6.36.0�–7.66.8�–8.48.3�–10.0
3.74.04.75.17.07.99.3
methyl orange bromophenol blue bromocresol green methyl red bromothymol blue phenol red phenolphthalein
AlkaliAcidpH rangepKa Indicator
Colour change
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 15
18. Infrared Data
Characteristic ranges for infrared absorption due to stretching vibrations in organic molecules.
700 to 800
1000 to 1300
1610 to 1680
1680 to 1750
2070 to 2250
2500 to 3300
2840 to 3095
3230 to 3550
3350 to 3500
halogenoalkanes
alcohols, ethers, esters
alkenes
aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters
alkynes
�“hydrogen bonded�” in acids
alkanes, alkenes, arenes
�“hydrogen bonded�” in alcohols, phenols
primary amines
C�–Cl
C�–O
C=C
C=O
C C
O�–H
C�–H
O�–H
N�–H
Wavenumber / cm-1Organic moleculesBond
16 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
19. 1H NMR DataTypical proton chemical shift values (%) relative to TMS = 0.(These values can vary slightly in different solvents.)
11.5R C
O
O H
9.7R C
O
H
7.3H
7OH
4.9�–5.9RHC CH2
0.5�–6.5 (can vary considerably underdifferent conditions)
R O H
4.0�–4.2O C
O
CH3
4.1
R O CH3
R C O CH2R
O
3.8R O CH3
3.2�–3.7R CH2 Hal
2.6R C C H
2.3CH3
2.1O
C
CH3R
2.0CH3 C
O
OR
2 R3CH1.3R CH2 R
0.9R CH3
Chemical shift/ppmType of proton
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 17
20. 2-amino Acids
6.0H2N CH
CH
COOH
CH3 CH2 CH3
Ileisoleucine
7.6H2N CH COOH
CH2
N
NHHishistidine
6.0H2N CH2 COOHGlyglycine
3.2H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 COOHGluglutamic acid
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 C NH2
O
Glnglutamine
5.1H2N CH COOH
CH2 SHCyscysteine
2.8H2N CH COOH
CH2 COOHAspaspartic acid
5.4H2N CH COOH
CH2 C NH2
O
Asnasparagine
10.8H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 CH2 NH C NH2
NH
Argarginine
6.0H2N CH COOH
CH3
Alaalanine
pH of isoelectricpoint
Structural formulaSymbolCommon name
18 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
6.0H2N CH COOH
CH CH3CH3
Valvaline
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 OHTyrtyrosine
5.9H2N CH COOH
CH2
NH
Trptryptophan
5.6H2N CH COOH
CH OHCH3
Thrthreonine
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 OH
Serserine
6.3N
COOHHProproline
5.5H2N CH COOH
CH2
Phephenylalanine
5.7H2N CH COOH
CH2 CH2 S CH3
Metmethionine
9.7H2N CH
CH2
COOH
CH2 CH2 CH2 NH2
Lyslysine
6.0H2N CH
CH2
COOH
CH CH3CH3
Leuleucine
pH of isoelectricpoint
Structural formulaSymbolCommon name
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 19
21. Structural Formulas of Some Important Medicines and Drugs
aspirin paracetamol (acetaminophen) ibuprofen
morphine codeine heroin
amphetamine adrenaline caffeine nicotine
penicillin diazepam (valium®) nitrazepam (mogadon®)
20 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
O
COH
CCH3
O
O
CH2
C
C
CH3
H
CH3
COOH
H
CH3
OH
NHCOCH3
OH
N
OH
CH2CH3
O
CH2
N
N
CH3
OCCH3
N
OCCH3
CH2CH3
O
CH2
O
OO
OH
N
OCH3
CH2CH3
O
CH2
R C
O
NH
NO
S
CH3
CH3
C O
OH
N
N N
N
O
O
H3C
CH3
CH3
Cl N
NO
CH3
HO
HO CH
OH
NH CH3CH2CH2
CH3
NH2CH
O2N N
NO
CH3
cocaine acyclovir
cisplatin Lidocaine lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
mescaline
psilocybin
procaine
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac&) indole
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 21
O
F3C
CH2
CH2NH2
+ Cl -
CH3
Pt
Cl
NH3
NH3
Cl
O
O
NCH3
OCH3
N
HN
O
N
N
CH2
O
H2N
CH2CH2
HO
CH3
NH
CH3
C CH2
NCH2H2C
CH3CH3
ON
CH2N
CH3
CH3
CH2
O
NH
CH3
CH3O
CH3O
OCH3
CH2CH2
NH2
O
N
CH2CH2
N+
H
CH3
CH3H
P OO -O
H
NH2 C O CH2CH2 N
CH2CH3
CH2CH3
O
CH3
O CH2
CH2CH2
CH2CH3
OH
H3C
H3C
NH
22. Structural Formulas of Some Important Biological Molecules
lactose sucrose
ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
oestradiol progesterone testosterone
22 IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003
C
CC
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
OH
C
H2C
H2C
C
C CH3
CH3
H H H H
H2
CH3 CH3 CH3
H H H2
retinol (vitamin A)
O
H
OH
OH
H
H
CH2OH
H
HOO
H
OH
OH
HOH
HH
CH2OH
H
O
H
1
2
1
23
4
OH
H
OH
OH
H
H
CH2OH
HO
H
OH
H1
2
O
O
HOCH2
1 2
3 4CH2OH
H
H
HO
CH3
CH3
CH
HO
H3C CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH
HO
H3C CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
CH3
CH2
CH3
C
O
C
C
C
C
CH2OH
HO
HO
H
HO H
O
CH3 OH
HO O
CH3 OH
CH3
CH3 C
H3C
O
O
CH3
cholesterol
vitamin D
adrenaline thyroxine
adenine guanine cytosine uracil thymine
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The haem group from cytochrome oxidase
IB Diploma Programme: Chemistry Data Booklet, March 2003 23
HO
HO CH
OH
CH2 NH CH3
I
HO
I
O
I
I
CH2 CH COOH
NH2
N
CN
C
CC
N
CH
N
O
H
H
H2N
N
CN
CH
CHC
H
O
NH2
N
CN
CH
CHC
H
O
H
O
N
CN
CH
CC
H
O
H
O
CH3N
HCN
C
CC
N
CH
N
NH2
H
O
OHOH
CH2OPOPOP
OOO
O�–O�–O�–
N
N N
N
NH2
O�–
Fe
N
N N
N
CH3
CH2CH2
C
H3C
CH2 CH3
CH
CH2HOOC
O
H
CH2
CH2 COOH
CH2
HO
CH2CH
CCH2
CH2
CH
CCH2
CH2
CH
C
CH3
CH3CH3 CH3