Interdisciplinary Learning and Nanoimpact

Interdisciplinary Learning and Nanoimpact

Thomas Edison

“ If we did all the things we are capable of, we would literally astound ourselves ”

It is innately human to experiment and engage with the world

Integrated Concentration in Science (iCons)

Undergraduate Education Through Interdisciplinary, Team-Based,

Real-World Problem Solving

Integrated Concentration in Science (iCons)

Undergraduate Education Through Interdisciplinary, Team-Based,

Real-World Problem Solving

Some major challenges facing society

• Water• Energy• Health• Sustainable development• Environment• Knowledge• Economy

These are challenges that require interdisciplinary collaborations to solve!

Educational Goals:

• Attitude

• Skills

• Knowledge

ASK

iCons:

Training students to become scientific leaders

“Culture is more important than curriculum”

Four Year ProgramFour Year Program

Global Challenges,Scientific Solutions• Team Work • Begin Portfolio• Case Studies, e.g.,o Cholera in Haitio Gulf Oil Spill …

Year 1: Gen Ed “I”

Integrative Communication• Read Write Speak Debate• Bridge Disciplines• Develop Portfolio

Year 2: Junior Yr Writing

Discovery Lab

• Student-designed Experiments

• Cutting-edge Equipment

• Real-world Applications

Year 3: Upper Level Elec

Capstone Project

• Interdisciplinary Research• Senior Symposium• Complete Portfolio

Year 4: Honors Thesis

Mark Tuominen, July 6, 2013, Nano K12

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ChooseTheme• Biomed• Energy

Doing Science

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Communicating Science

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“ All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make, the better. ”

- Ralph Waldo Emerson

iCons 3E: Renewable Energy Laboratory Course

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iCons 3E: TimelineiCons 3E: Timeline

Energy Bootcamp Unit Project 1 Unit Project 2

Scaffolded course structure

Student ownership

Instructor guidance

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NanoimpactWhere is nanotechnology making an

impact on society?

Where will it make impacts in the future?

Nanotechnology is an example ofInterdisciplinary Collaboration at work

People from diverse fields working together -- more rapidly solving important problems in our

society• Physics• Chemistry• Biology• Materials Science• Polymer Science• Electrical Engineering• Chemical Engineering• Mechanical Engineering• Medicine• And others

• Electronics• Materials• Health/Biotech• Chemical• Environmental• Energy• Food• Aerospace• Automotive• Security• Forest products

Global Grand Challenges

2008 NAE Grand Challenges

Top Research Areas of the NNI for 2011

1. Fundamental nanoscale phenomena and processes

2. Nanomaterials3. Nanoscale devices and systems4. Instrumentation research, metrology, and

standards5. Nanomanufacturing6. Major research facilities and instrumentation7. Environment, health and safety8. Education and societal dimensions

484M 342M 402M 77M 101M 203M 117M 35M

The Lotus Effect - Superhydrophobic Surfaces• The leaves of the lotus plant are superhydrophobic – water beads up on the

surface of the plant and moves freely with almost no resistance making the leaves self-cleaning.

Water Drops on a Lotus Leaf

• The surface of the lotus leaf has 10m sized bumps which are coated by nanometer sized waxy crystals – extremely hydrophobic

• Superhydrophobic in fact!

• The water does not wet the entire surface of the leaf, but only the tops of the roughness.

• Contact angle approaches = 180o (the contact angle with air)

Hydrophobic vs. SuperhydrophobicHydrophobic Superhydrophobic

• Droplets don’t stick to superhydrophobic surfaces• Water-based stains don’t adsorb resulting in stain resistant

textiles• Dirt is picked up by rolling drop as it moves resulting in a self

cleaning surface• Droplets can be manipulated one at a time on these

surfaces to synthesize or analyze nano or picoliters of material – nanofluidics

• Snow and ice do not accumulate on these surfaces

Superhydrophobic Surface

Dirt

Make Your Own Superhydrophobic Surfaces – Part I

• Need: two identical pieces of Teflon, sandpaper (240 grit) and a pipette full of water.

• Keep one piece of Teflon smooth.

• Lightly sand the second piece of Teflon with a random motion of the sandpaper to impart micron and nanometer size surface roughness.

Smooth Teflon

Sanded Teflon

Experiment:

•Place a small drop of water on the smooth Teflon surface.•Tilt the surface through vertical.•Does the drop stick or slide?

•Now place a small drop on the sanded Teflon surface•Tilt the surface through vertical.•Can you get the drop to stick?

•Adding micron and nanometer surface roughness can have a big impact on how drops adhere to and wet a surface

Make Your Own Superhydrophobic Surfaces – Part II

• In the first experiment we changed surface roughness to make a hydrophobic surface superhydrophobic here we will change the hydrophobicity of an already rough surface

• Need: Regular sand and “Magic Sand” (sand treated to make it hydrophobic)

• Need: Two shallow pans/plates, two cups, two spoons and water

Magic Sand Experiment 1:

•Cover the bottom of one pan with regular sand and the other with magic sand.•Place a small drop of water on each.•What do you observe?•Agitate/shake the pan. •Does the drop stick or slide?Experiment 2:

•Fill two cups with water.•Pour regular sand into one cup and magic sand into the other. •What do you observe? •Does the magic sand get wet?•Use a spoon to move sand around. Bring it to the surface and see what happens!

Using Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Reduce Drag• We are currently using superhydrophobic surfaces to develop a

passive, inexpensive technique that can generate drag reduction in both laminar and turbulent flows.

• This technology could have a significant impact on applications from microfluidics and nanofluidics to submarines and surface ships.

• How does it work? The water touches only the tops of the post and a shear-free air-water interfaces is supported – effectively reducing the surface area.

• Currently capable of reducing drag by over 70% in both laminar and turbulent flows!

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d

15μm

On PDMS

Hierarchical Nanostructures On Silicon

Can These Surfaces Have a Real Impact?

60μm

• Current Energy Resources – Fossil Fuels

– Increasing scarcity

– Increasing cost

– Dangerous to maintain security

• Ocean-going vessels accounted for 72% of all U.S. imports in 2006

– Technology could be employed to make ships more efficient or faster

– Friction drag accounts for 90% of total drag experienced by a slow moving vessel

– A 25% reduction in friction drag on a typical Suezmax Crude Carrier could…

• Save $5,500 USD / day in #6 fuel oil

• Prevent 43 metric tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere each day

The GENMAR GEORGE T (Japan Universal Shipbuilding, Tsu shipyard)

Why Size Matters• To support larger and larger pressures and pressure drops, the spacing of the roughness on the

ultrahydrophobic surfaces must be reduced into the nanoscale.

• Currently developing processing techniques for large area nanofabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with precise patterns of surface roughness.

→Roll-to-roll nano-imprint lithography – a cutting edge tool.

4 cos( )aw ap p p

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Supply Drive

Module

CoatingModule

ImprintingModule Receive

DriveModule

R2R NIL70nm Optical Gratings

Why Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography

• Roll-to-roll technology will enable fabrication of nanostructured materials and devices by a simple, rapid, high volume, cost-effective platform.

• Current cost of nanofabrication is $25,000/m2

• This technology capable of pushing it to $25/m2

– Will help address many of the challenges facing society.

Supply Drive

Module

CoatingModule

Membranes and Filters

Nanomanufacturing - the essential link between laboratory innovations and nanotechnology products.

Nanomanufacturing

• Processes must work at a commercially relevant scale• Cost is a key factor• Must be reproducible and reliable• Environmental Health and Safety must be under control• Nanomanufacturing includes top-down and bottom-up techniques, and integration of both• Must form part of a value chain

27Liddle & Gallatin (NIST), Nanoscale – In press

Nanofabrication & Nanomanufacturing Today

The Cost of Complexity

Complexity/Functionality

Cost/area

Logic

Storage

Coatings

Photovoltaics

Filters

Lighting

Displays

Catalysts

Sensors

$105/m2$1/m2

28Liddle & Gallatin (NIST), Nanoscale – In press

Important Strides in Nano Environmental, Health and Safety

NIOSH: "Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology" - Emphasizing effective control banding- Now an ISO standard

NIH: Nano Health Enterprise InitiativeDuPont/EDF: Nano Risk FrameworkACS: Lab Safety Guidelines For Handling NanomaterialsLockheed-Martin: Enterprise-wide Procedure for Environmental, Safety and Health Management of Nanomaterials

and many more efforts

An open access network for the advancement of nanomanufacturing R&D and education

–Cooperative activities (real-space)

–Informatics (cyber-space)

Mission: A catalyst -- to support and develop communities of practice in nanomanufacturing.

www.nanomanufacturing.org

Nanoinformatics

• Nanotechnology meets Information Technology

• The development of effective mechanisms for collecting, sharing, visualizing, modeling and analyzing data and information relevant to the nanoscale science and engineering community.

• The utilization of information and communication technologies that help to launch and support efficient communities of practice.

www.internano.org