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 Joël Cugnoni, LMAF/EPFL, 2012

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How can we model more complex cases ?◦ It is possible to define interactions between

different regions of a model by the means ofadditional equations that relate the degrees offreedoms of multiple nodes.

Bilateral constraints to “glue” separate parts: ◦ Node to node interaction : Equation constraint◦ Node to surface interaction : Kinematic coupling◦ Surface to surface interation: Tie constraint

Unilateral constraints:◦ Contact: no penetration between two faces, friction

& sliding => non linear behaviour, not in course

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Available in Interaction->Constraints->Equation

one linear equation between several DOFsa1 Node1.DOF1 + a2 Node2.DOF2 + … = constant

Antisymmetry

1 * Node17.U1 + 1 * Node23.U1 = 0

17 23

x

y

Mechanism Pulley)

1 * Node12.U2 - 1 * Node21.U1 = 0

14

21

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Available in Interaction->Constraints->Coupling->Kinematic coupling

Multiple equations to keep relative position constant including rotations Tranfers the displacements / rotation of the Master node to slave surface

Usually used with reference points to link parts or apply moments /rotation to one face

x

y

Master Node : reference point with 6 DOFS

Slave Nodes : 3 DOFS

Kinematic coupling

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Available in Interaction->Constraints->Tie

Multiple kinematic equations to keep relative position constantbetween each point of the master surface and their

corresponding projection on the slave surface

Usually used to link two parts of an assembly to ensurecontinuity of the displacements (approximation)  

x

y Master surface

Slave surface

Projection lines

Small distance(projection tolerance)

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Three methods:◦ Continuous CAD model 

Merge all parts in CAD -> export STP model -> importin Abaqus -> partition to differentiate the materials

◦

Merged geometry

 model as an assembly in CAD -> export as STP ->import in Abaqus -> create assembly and position parts-> Merge geometry + keep internal interfaces

◦ Tie / coupling constraints 

model as an assembly in CAD -> export as STP ->import in Abaqus -> create assembly and position parts-> Create Tie / coupling to model the interactionsbetween parts

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See assembly1.cae Procedure:

◦ open assembly1-input.cae◦ create instance for piston and axe1◦ align axe1 with coaxial + face to face (-13mm offset)◦ merge and keep interfaces

◦ add instance for biele1◦ align with coaxial +face2face +4mm offset◦ assign properties to all parts / regions and then create step◦ create 1st constraint: tie for axis to biele surfaces◦ create datum point in the middle of lower biele axis◦ create reference point◦ create constraint: kinematic coupling btw RP and lower axis of biele◦ boundary condition: pressure 0.1MPa on top of cylinder, all

displacement & rotation constrained on RP◦ mesh fused part with tets quad 2.8mm◦ mesh biele with hexa sweep or wedges (partition by extending faces)◦ run job◦ show results with several cutting plane to show

1) mesh continuity between the merged parts

2) displacement continuity but mesh discontinuity where tie is used