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Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). CEE 320 Anne Goodchild. Obama Opposed gas tax holiday Invest in developing alternative energy rather than drilling offshore Federal government should take lead on national infrastructure development Invest in “smart growth” - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CE
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(ITS)
CEE 320Anne Goodchild
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Both oppose increasing the gas tax
• Obama• Opposed gas tax holiday• Invest in developing
alternative energy rather than drilling offshore
• Federal government should take lead on national infrastructure development
• Invest in “smart growth”• Infrastructure reinvestment
bank • $150 billion for clean energy
over 10 years• Modernize infrastructure –
ASCE D rating, 3 trillion unmet needs
• McCain• Supported gas tax holiday• Exploit remaining US oil
deposits• Small federal role in
transportation, strong input from state and local governments
• State’s should get back their investment in the highway trust fund
• $.3 billion for battery technology
• Modernize infrastructure
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Outline
• Need for traffic solutions• Improving technology
– Improved wireless networks– Low energy requirements– Improved management systems– Increased appetite for technology
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Road Use Growth
From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2003
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Changes in Congested Peak-Period Travel
Change in Congested Peak-Period Travel (1982-2000)
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1982 1990 1994 2000
Year
Per
cent
of
Pea
k-P
erio
d T
rave
l in
Con
gest
ion
Los Angeles, CA
Seattle-Everett, WA
Boston, MA
Denver, CO
New York, NY-Northeastern, NJ
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Problems Caused by Congestion
• Increased…– Travel time– Travel cost– Air pollution– Accident risk– …..
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Hig
hw
ay C
apac
ity
Full Capacity
How Much Capacity Is There?
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Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H
igh
way
Cap
acit
y
Remaining Effective Capacity
How Much Capacity Is There?
Incidents can comprise 50% of peak period congestion.1 min delay in clearance = 4 to 5 min of traffic backup.
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Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler
Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H
igh
way
Cap
acit
y
Remaining Effective Capacity
How Much Capacity Is There?
Caltrans reports 20% of freeway centerline miles are under construction.
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Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler
Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H
igh
way
Cap
acit
y
Remaining Effective Capacity
How Much Capacity Is There?
Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity
75% of NHS is subject to snow & 100% is subject to rain.
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Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler
Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H
igh
way
Cap
acit
y
Remaining Effective Capacity
How Much Capacity Is There?
Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity
Special events and disasters further restrict capacity
Periodic events can cause further restrict capacity.
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Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler
Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents thanby recurring peak period congestion.H
igh
way
Cap
acit
y
Remaining Effective Capacity
How Much Capacity Is There?
Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity
Special events and disasters further restrict capacity
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Options
• Construct new roads– Covered in geometric design– Not likely to happen on a large scale
• Reduce Traffic– Travel demand management– Alternative transportation
• Increase existing infrastructure capacity– Often exploits the intelligent transportation
systems (ITS)
All of these are required, and there will (probably) still be congestion
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Construction Is Part of the Solution
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Option 1: Construction
Highway Construction Cost Sampling
Project Total Cost Lane-Miles
Cost per
Lane-Mile
Route 3, North Boston $395.0 million 42 $9.4 million
I-4 Tampa to Orlando $403.0 million 73 $5.5 million
I-5 Oregon $30.0 million 5.16 $5.8 million
US 26 Sunset Hwy. Oregon $10.6 million 2.24 $4.8 million
US 12 near Walla Walla River $36.4 million 25 $1.5 million
US 101 on Olympic Peninsula $1.8 million 0.8 $2.2 million
General ConclusionHighways cost $1 to $10 million per lane-mile to build
San Francisco’s Embarcadero Freeway: Removed 1991
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Option 2: Reduce Traffic or Spread Demand
• Make the trip using another mode– Extra capacity
• Don’t make the trip– Pricing– Controls
• Make the trip at adifferent time– Pricing– Controls
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Sounder Commuter Rail
• Tacoma-Seattle– Began 2000– 4 trips each way daily
• Everett-Seattle– Began 2003– 2 trips each way daily
New Slide
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Seattle-Everett Interurban Railway Co. (1907)
Asahel Curtis Photo Company Collection, University of Washington Digital Collection
New Slide
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Sounder vs. Interurban
Sounder Interurban
Tacoma service 2000 – present 1902 – 1928
Everett service 2003 – present 1910 – 1939
One-way trip time 52 – 58 minutes 70 – 100 minutes
Daily departures from Seattle 6 37
Number of stops 9 30
Top speed 80 mph 60 mph
One-way fare $3.00-$4.00 $0.60inflation adjusted: $12.00
Hauled freight? No Yes
Owner Sound Transit Puget Sound Energy
New Slide
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Option 2: Alternative Transport
SkyTran: Personal MagLev Transporter
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Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity
• An alternative to expensive new highway construction is the implementation of strategies that promote more efficient utilization of transportation infrastructures.
• Simple:– More people per vehicle (carpool, bus)– Smaller vehicles (motorcycles)– Narrow lanes
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Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity
• More complex:– Vehicle automation – Variable speed limits– Variable use facilities– Traffic monitoring– Ramp meters
• Many rely on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which aims to reduce travel time, ease delay and congestion, improve safety, and reduce pollutant emissions
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Five Primary Functional Areas of ITS
• Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS)– Managing incidents
• Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)– Giving users information about the system
• Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO)– Simplifies regulations (with benefits)
• Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)– Reduce obstacles to use, give priority to vehicles
• Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)– Safer, more efficient driving
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Advanced Traffic Management Systems
Photo from the Human-Computer Interaction Lab: University of Maryland
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WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center
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WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center
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WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center
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ATMS: Snoqualmie Pass
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Advanced Traveler Information Systems
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ATIS: trafficgauge
htt
p:/
/ww
w.t
raffi
cgau
ge.c
om
/in
dex.h
tml
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WAP Traffic
www.wiresoft.net/traffic/seattle
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ATIS: Traffic Cameras
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Commercial Vehicle Operations
• Apply, pay for and receive permits, registrations, and licenses electronically
• Share of common trucking data across agencies • Exchange information electronically with
roadside enforcement personnel• Electronic “screening” of trucks for safety or
other regulatory violations• Share information across state lines and with
Federal information systems
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CVO: Weigh-In-Motion System
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Advanced Public Transportation Systems
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An Example of APTS
http://busview.its.washington.edu/busview_launch.jsp?maps=gif
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APTS: Bus Signal Priority
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APTS: Smart Cards
• No need for change• Interoperable with
other transit agencies• Transit agency can
track passengers for better system design and cost control
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Advanced Vehicle Control Systems
Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC)
System
Lexus LS430/460, ES-350Benz S-Class, E55, AMG, CLS, SL, CLAcura RLAudi A6, A8, Q7Cadillac DTS, STS, XLRHonda LegendInfinity M, Q45Jaguar XK-RBMW 3, 5, 7 SeriesNisan PrimeraRange Rover SportToyota Sienna XLE, AvalonVolkswagon Phaeton, PassatRenault Vel SatisVolvo S80
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VW and Google Earth
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Windows Live Local Street Level