INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

MAJOR ASPECTS IN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

EXAMPLES IN INDIA AND DUBAI

CONCLUSION

DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING :

The Intelligent Building Institute has

proposed: “An intelligent building is one that

provides a productive and cost-effective

environment through optimization of its four

basic elements - structure, systems, services

and management - and the interrelationships

between them. Intelligent buildings help

business owners, property managers and

occupants to realize their goals in the areas

of cost, comfort, convenience, safety, long-

term flexibility and marketability."

INTRODUCTION

Intelligent Buildings are the buildings of 21st century. They combines innovations with skillful management to maximize the returns on investment.

These buildings keep a watch over themselves and their own well being.

They put off lights, shut down air conditioners, check the water storage tanks, recharge the central UPS in case of a power failure and switch on the alarm in case of fire.

“Use of technology and process to create a building that is safer and more productive for its occupants and more operationally efficient for its owners.”

Intelligent Buildings are equipped with robust telecommunication infrastructure, allowing for more efficient use of resources and increasing the comfort and security of its occupants.

The origin of Intelligent Buildings and building management systems has roots in the Industrial sector in the 1980’s.

The high technology concept of intelligent building systems was introduced in United States.

Building should know what is happening inside and immediately outside.

Building should decide the most effective way of providing a convenient, comfortable and productive environment for its occupants.

Building should respond as quickly as possible to the occupant’s requests.

“These attributes indicates the need for various technology and management systems. The successful integration of these systems will produce three dimensions of building intelligence”.

OVERVIEW OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

EXAMPLES OF HOW TECHNOLOGY HELPED TO PROVIDE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND A SUPERIOR ENVIRONMENT

FEATURE BENEFIT

Dimmable fluorescent lighting integrated with sun blind control

Optimal lighting level and quality can be determined by the occupants.

Lighting control with motion sensors integrated with security

Reduces energy use and increases security

Natural and displacement ventilation.

More efficient and effective distribution of ventilation

Use of economizers for free cooling.

Energy efficiency.

Individual temperature and lighting control

Improved comfort is shown to improve productivity.

Radiant heating and cooling. Improved comfort, reduced energy use

After hours control of lights and HVAC integrated with security

Improved security while reducing energy use

Monitoring of IAQ and contaminants.

Improved comfort, safety, and productivity.

THREE DIMENSIONS OF BUILDING INTELLIGENCE

Building Automation

Systems

Office Automation system and Local Area Network

Advanced Telecommunication

Building Automation Systems to enable the building to respond to external factors and conditions (like climatic variations, fire etc.),

simultaneous sensing, control and monitoring of the internal

environment and the storage of the data generated.

Strata Tower, Abu Dhabi

Office Automation system and Local Area Network

•To provide management information and decision support aids with link to the central computer system.

To enable rapid communication with outside world, via the central computer system using optical fiber installations, microwave and conventional satellite links.

Advanced Telecommunication

Dubai Opera House

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT

BUILDINGS

Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects such as lighting,

ventilation, air conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes in

environmental conditions controlled by computer

While planning an intelligent

building, a

Building

service

engineer, an

Architect & Hardware Engineer is requir

ed.

But in case of ordinary building, a Building service

engineer and an

Architect is enough.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

In an Intelligent Building, the security system, communication system, etc. are coordinated and automatically controlled by computer work station.

The cost of construction of Intelligent Building is very high as compared to an ordinary building.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

Da Vinci rotating tower

The development cost of an Intelligent Building is 8 - 10% higher than that of an ordinary

building. But this can be justified by the resulting energy saving, which is only 25 – 35% of energy required by

normal building.

HOW BUILDINGS BECOME INTELLIGENT

The high technology concept of intelligent building systems was introduced in United States in early 1980’s. An Intelligent Building provides a productive and cost-effective environment through the integration of Structure, Systems, Services, and Management.

Security

Telecommunication

Systems

Energy ManagementComfort

Safety

MAJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

SECURITY

This includes controlling access, surveillance and communication

Access control : Access control restricts how and when people enter and/or exit an area. Your particular needs will determine how that is accomplished. Access Control Systems allow people or vehicles into a restricted area via identification through coded keys, magnetic cards, or biometric readers such as hand, face, voice, finger or retina readers. These systems are used in many businesses, hotels and apartment complexes.

COMMON FEATURES OF ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

Limit access- Systems can be programmed to allow certain users to enter specific areas only at certain times. Other users can be allowed to enter all locations at all times.

Automating – Systems can automatically lock a door or gate each evening at a certain time and unlock it automatically at another time.

WORKING OF AN ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

1. First we need a barrier to prevent someone from entering or exiting, such as a locked door or gate.

2. Next we need a way to determine who is trying to enter.

3. A credential reader is used to read the information on a key or card, to register a combination of numbers entered on a pad or to identify some characteristic that the user has, such as a fingerprint the shape of a hand, a pattern in the eye, etc.

4. This identifier is sent to a controller that has stored a record of those identifiers that are authorized to enter the area.

5. If the credential holder is authorized the controller unlocks the gate or door and the credential holder is allowed to enter.

6. In many systems a record of all authorized and unauthorized credentials is stored in the system for future reference.

GADGETS

FINGER PRINT LOCK

EASY AND SIMPLE INSTALLATION UNLOCK BY FINGERPRINT OR CODE CAN STORE UPTO 150 DIFFERENT FINGER

PRINTS

RETINA BASED DOOR ACCESS SYSTEM • Pre-stores the

person's eye color and its other physical features.

• Scans retina, matches it with the data stored and only then the door gets opened.

VOICE AND VIDEO INTERCOM

This type of access control is most commonly used in blocks of flats or apartments, where access to the front door needs to be controlled remotely. Communication between the internal phone and the outside speaker is established, before authorization to enter is granted

CODE- BASED ACCESS SYSTEM

A secure pin code entered onto a touch screen is required, before Access to a controlled area is allowed

SWIPE CARD ACCESS SYSTEM

Entrance to a secured area is allowed, through the "swiping" of a pre-programmed card with magnetic strip through a reader

BIOMETRIC ACCESS SYSTEM

The newest technology in access control, biometric systems verify a person's identity, by unique physical characteristics, such as a fingerprint or retina.

SAFETY AND SURVEILLANCE

Intelligence with respect to life safety in an intelligent building consists of the use of high technology to maximize the performance of fire alarm and security systems while at the same time minimizing costs.

Life safety factors involved in intelligent buildings include: reduced manpower dependence, closed-circuit television, card access control, smoke detection, intrusion alarms, emergency control of elevators, doors and uninterruptible power supplies.

Surveillance

Helps in monitoring movement within and outside a building and its periphery through camera (Closed-Circuit Television Camera) or perimeter devices like intrusion alarms. Also helps in alerting the security manager, in case of violation of pre-set norms.

SAFETY

Fire protection systems pump water to the areas where the fire occurs, so as to douse it automatically through sprinkler bulbs and also manually through the fire brigade.

Sufficient water pressure should be maintained throughout.

SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS

Early warning systems like smoke detection systems, detects the fire at a very early stage and pinpoint to the caretaker where exactly it is occurring, so that the fire is extinguished locally through manual fire extinguishers.

TELE COMMUNICATION

Intelligence with respect to telecommunications in an intelligent building consists of the offering to tenants of many sophisticated telecom features at a considerably reduced cost due to the fact that the equipment is shared by many users. Some of the telecom features involved in intelligent buildings are: private telephone exchange systems, cablevision, audio-visual and video-conferencing, satellite communications and, electronic mail, Intranets and Internet access

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Telecommunication Systems and Office Automation Systems like the UPS and the Public Address system provides the required support in the event of security violation or fire.

BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND

INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

Energy-effective systems balance a building's electric light, daylight and mechanical systems for maximum benefit.

Lighting Systems: Adding daylight to a building is one way to achieve an energy effective design. And with the reduced need for electric light, a great deal of money can be saved on energy.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS An intelligent building starts with an environmentally

friendly design. Creating a project that is environmentally friendly and

energy efficient ties in closely with many of the intelligent attributes.

Intelligent buildings are designed for long-term sustainability and minimal environmental impact through the selection of recycled and recyclable materials, construction, maintenance and operations procedures.

Providing the ability to integrate building controls, optimize operations, and enterprise level management results in a significant enhancement in energy efficiency, lowering both cost and energy usage compared to non-intelligent projects.

ECONOMY CONSIDERATION :

Creating an intelligent building does require an investment in advanced technology, processes, and solutions.

An upfront investment is required to realize a significant return later on.

It is unrealistic to expect to make a project intelligent unless there is early buy in on investment.

One of the challenges is to educate owners on the benefits of an intelligent building design.

This makes the education of both owners and architects about the benefits of intelligent solutions critical for success.

EXAMPLES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN INDIA The need for Intelligent Buildings rose with the

emergence of the IT sector. IT firms need uninterrupted working environment for 365 days a year. Some kind of round the clock monitoring is also necessary.

Techno-campus of Cognizant Technology Solutions, Thoraipakkam on old Mamallapuram road is one of the Intelligent buildings in India. It took 14 months to evolve a fully integrated design plan and arrive at the IBMS solution that covers security, safety and automation, and since January 2004 the concept has been functional in the 400,000-sqft complex.

Cognizant Technology Solutions' office at Thoraipakkam, where an intelligent building management system is in place

SOME OF THE FEATURES OF THE IBMS AT COGNIZANT

Smoke detection systems Bio metric finger scanning systems 73 CCTV cameras Control of HVAC Control of water levels in overhead tanks Automatic lighting control

NIIT BUILDING

TIDEL PARK CHENNAI

GATE WAY TOWER AT GURGAON

DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER

BURJ KHALIFA DUBAI

CONCLUSION

The intelligent building is clearly the building of the future.

The goal of having an intelligent building only starts with early planning in the design stage.

In many ways, this mirrors the design and fulfillment of many green or LEED projects today, but it uses technology to provide for a superior space.

There are enormous benefits to be gained by creating intelligent buildings.

With proper marketing such buildings will entice tenants to sign on with a much greater ease.

By supporting the tenants in as many services as possible the building owners also gain from the profits realized from these services and tenants profit from the discounts to be had on their end as well.

We need to continue to work as an industry to quantify these benefits, educate owners and consultants, and to deliver a superior product to the market.