Intelligent Buildings standards

1

SMART BUILDINGS

I N T E L L E G E N T B U I L D I N G S T A N D A R D S

JAKUB MATYJA MAHMOUD KARAZ

2

AGENDA• Brief history and IB definitions • IB Market • IB architecture• BMS’s• LCC & IB • Pros & Cons• IB Future • Case study

3

4 HUMAN INTELLIGECE &BUILDING INTELLIGECE

Interpersonal

Bodily-Kinaesthetic

Visual Spatial

Musical

Social

User Interface

Acoustic

Background music

Beauty

Measure for Spatial instinct

Sensoring

Ergonomics

Empty Space

Interior Design

Human Intelligence

Linguistic

Signs

Speech recognition

Logical Mathematical

Integrated Control

Building Automation

Communication Technology

Cabling

Interpersonal

Own space Concentration in

peace

Rest Areas Relaxation

Automated building control

Intuitive

Silence

5

A building and its infrastructure providing the

owner, operator and occupant

with an environment that

is flexible, effective,

comfortable and secure through

the use of integrated

technological building systems, communications

and controls

‘‘

’’

Is on which provides a

productive and cost-effective environment

through optimization of its four basic

elements i.e. . structure,

systems, services and management

and the interrelationships

between them

‘‘

’’

WHAT IS IB?

.

Intelligent Building Institute

6 European Standard PN-EN 15232:2012 (2010)

“Energy perfomance of buildings impact of building automation, control and buiilding managment’’

...describes impact of BAS and BMS class on energy use in buildings and contains recommendation as to the use of these systems,

The Standard includes two systems

BACS (Building Automation and Control System ) TBM ( Technical Building Management System)

Detailed description of fucntions, which have to be included for the building to be classified in particular class is provided.

*This slide is adapted from dr hab. inż. arch. Zbigniew Bromberek lecture

7 European Standard PN-EN 15232:2012 (2010)The following diagram shows the differences in energyconsumption for three building types in the energyefficiency classes A, B and D relative to the basis valuesin rating C. For example, by using class A, 30 % of thethermal energy can be saved in offices.

8

After 2002Enterprise Network Integrated SystemENIS

Enterprise Network

Integrated Systems

1995-2002Computer Integrating BuildingCIB

(Computer Integrated Buildings)

1990-1995Building Level Integrating systems

1985-1990Integrated

Multifunction Systems

1980-1985

Single Function

Dedicated systems

SecurityControl

Voicecommuni

cation

Telefax & Text

Communication

EDP & Data

Communication

Electrical Lighting , Lifts, etc.

control

Access Control

HVAC Control

ImageVoiceTexts & Data

HVAC & other Plant

Control

Security & Access Contro

l

Integration Building Automation systems

Integrated Communication

Systems

Cellular Communication

(Image)

Cellular Communication (Voice&Data)

Single Apparatus

IB HISTORY

Extracted from Shengwie Wang P22

9 IB MARKET

10

• Access System

• Fire/Alarm System

• HVAC System

• Audio/video System

• Light System

•Infrastructure management

•Parking management system

•Smart water management

•Elevators and escalators management system

IB SYSTEMS

11

The basic components of an access control system are:

• A central host computer or server.

• Control panels or system controllers connected to the host computer.

• Peripheral devices such as card readers, door contacts, sirens, and sensors connected to the control panels

Access System

Adapted from James Sinopoli 2009

12 Access System


13

The system components that detect the fire and initiate an alarm monitor one or more of the fire’s characteristics. The detection components of a fire alarm system are typically located in ceilings, HVAC ducts, mechanical and electrical areas and equipment rooms. They include:

• Pull stations, in which a person sees a fire and pulls the fire alarm

• Thermal detectors, which sense a rise in temperature or the high temperature of a fire.

• Smoke detectors, which sense vapors of small particles of carbon matter generated by burning, including in-duct smoke detectors

• Flame detectors, which sense radiation and visible light from a fire

• Sprinkler water–flow sensors

• Fire-gas detectors, which sense gases such as carbon dioxide andcarbon monoxide

•Air-sampling fire detectors

Fire Alarm System

14 Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm notification devices include:

• Bells

• Chimes

• Horns

• Speakers

• Strobes


15 HVAC SystemHVAC systems control :• Temperature• Humidity• Air flow• The overall air quality

HVAC systems can be very complex, consisting of many components.

The major components include:• boilers

• chillers

• Air-handling units (AHUs)

• Air-terminal units (ATUs)

• Variable air volume equipment (VAV).

16 HVAC SystemThe top level of an HVAC control system is the management level consistingof personal computers or multiple PCs connected via an Ethernet networkor wireless network .

The management level provides many functions:

• Administration and control of the HVAC system• Programming for the system and other controllers• Display of system information• System reports• System scheduling• Archive and analysis of historical data• Backup of controller databases• Alarm reporting and analysis• Trend analysis

17 Audio visual systems

Ethernet Network Control Interface Device

Windows Blinds

Motorized Projector Screen

Lighting System

DocumentCamera

Remote Network Via LAN WAN Or internet

Audio Visual system with Ethernet interface

Projector

DVD Player

Audio visual systems are a complex topic as they encompass scores of different types of equipment and material, multiple technical standards, and rapidly changing technologies.The components of audio visual systems:

• audio and visual sources• microphones, • electronic instruments• speakers • displays

18 Light System

Facility lighting is needed to provide visibility for building occupants,

aesthetic atmosphere for spaces or rooms and for life safety. It is estimated that lighting accounts for 30 to 40% of electricity usage and costs in a typical building.Therefore, unneeded and uncontrolled lighting in a building not only wastesenergy but also increases facility operational costs.The heart of the lighting control center is typically a server that is web-enabledand interconnected to other facility technology systems, a workstation with a GUI interface and client softwarefor system administration. The networked system allows any authorized individual,including tenants or other occupants, to adjust their lighting through the network or a web browser.

19 Light SystemThe need for lighting in a building varies by the type of building, spaceswithin the building, time of day, and occupancy of the building. Consequently,the control strategies and functions of a lighting control system reflect thesevariables and primarily involve the following:

• Scheduling

• Occupancy sensors

• Daylight

• Window coatings

20

Parking Management SystemSmartVALETTM

is an automated, efficient, scalable and reliable Valet Parking System with the ability to seamlessly integrate with Security and Parking systems components and devices such as

• Access Control.

• RFID Readers.

• ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition).

• Variable Message Signs.

• Barriers and Road blockers.

21 Smart water managementApplies monitoring and help

• Optimize the availability delivery

• The quality of water

• Waste

• Chemical treatment

22

Elevators and Escalators Management SystemAnalyze and perform the elevators traffic , ensure passengers safety and report failures of escalators in building system.

23 The Foundations of a Smart Building

Inter-application

communicatio

nEfficiencies and

cost savings in

materials, labor,

and equipment

Interoperable

systems

from different

manufacturers.

Smart buildings are built on open and standard communications networks which make the following characteristics possible:

24 BAS based on open communicationprotocols KNX/EIB, BACnet, LonWorks,ModBus

System Quality and devlopment – open protocols result from many years of continious work, maintained and further developed in response to arising needs and opportunities.

Flexibility of choice – standards are supported by all major players; the system can be configured according to one’s needs, without long term commitments.

Flexibilty of expansion- additions and reconfigurations, replacements and updating are relatively cheap and easy

Lower servicing costs – many service suppliers independent of a single manufacturer.

25

ZigBee

• High level communication protocol

• Using small, low-power digital radios

• Less expensive even than Bluetooth

ZigBee components

• ZigBee coordinator

• ZigBee router

• ZigBee End Device

• 10-75m range, 1mW radio• Device discovery supported• 128 bit keys for encryption • ZWAVE- another low power wireless protocol for remote control

Wireless protocols

https://www.ecnmag.com/article/2015/01/home-futureCoordinator Router End Device

ZigBee Coordinator ZigBee

RouterZigBeeEnd Device

Computer

26 SMART CLOUDS

Adapted from Bachlor thesis in Software and Information Engineering for Clemens Pühringer

27

Source : Living With Smart Machines By Tom Vander Ark

28 Facility Management

FacilityManagement

Systems

Building Management

Systems

Energy Management

System

Computerized Maintenance Management

Systems

Facility Manager

Facility Management

Software

29 Facility Management Software Modules Facility managmaent

software

Assest managment

Manages all necessary equipment data such as names , models , serials and

locations

ERP ( Enterprise planning software)

Material and equipment parts

management

Is integrated with the work order system

and purchasing system

Procurement Management

Automates and streamlines the

procurement process for vendpr services

and equipment.

Contractors are preapproved for specifc types of

services and equipment

WorkOrder Management

Tracks and monitors all service requests

Tracks People assigned to specific

actions

Keeps records of action updates

Tracks when actions are completed

Archives work for future reference

30

It is a wide range of computerized building control systems, from special- purpose controllers, to standalone remote stations, to larger systems including central computer stations and printers. As discussed earlier, BAS is one of the major intelligent building systems.

Building Automation / Management Systems

Increased reliability of plant and services

Reduced operating costs

Enhancing staff productivity

BAS & BMS

Protection of people and equipment

31 Building Management A BMS monitors, supervises, controls and reports on smart building technology systems.These systems may include access control, video surveillance, fire alarms, HVAC control, programmable lighting and electric power management.

Its basic functions include:

Providing information on supervised building functions including.

• Detecting, annunciating, and managing alarm and other conditions

• Diagnostic monitoring and reporting of system functions, nodes, devices, and communication networks

• Interfacing between individual smart building applications.

32

These systems typically display the following responses on an operator’s workstation:

• Alarm summary

• Event summary

• Trend set displays

• Group control and group trend displays

• Communications status

• System status

• Configuration displays

• Communication links status

• System parameters configuration

Building Management

• Time schedule assignment

• Holiday assignment

• History assignment

• Events archive and retrieval

• Time period summary and configuration

• Point details for every configured point

33 EMS Energy Management System

DGLogik DGLux

What’s EMS do?

• Generates an info for energy usage

• Give a detailed report for costs in order to reduce costs .

• Maintaining a comfortable and safe environment for building occupants.

• Addresses the main electric and energy systems, namely HVAC, lighting control and power management.

EMS Platforms

34 EMS Energy Management Systemto optimize energy consumption and costs EMS may include the following programs :

• Tracking of utility bills to monitor usage and costs as well as comparing projected, budgeted and actual usage and costs.

• Comparing the energy usage to other similar buildings, an exercise known as “benchmarking”

• Calculating the effect of thermal comfort or lighting alternatives. That is, the cost for different lighting control strategies, proper ventilation rates, and related elements.

• Equipment indicators that may signal possible malfunctions include the following:

CO2 , Energy consumption, Temperature , Humidity , Vibration, etc.

35 IEMS , BEMS & HEMS

U.S. energy management systems (EMS) market revenue by product, 2014 - 2024 (USD Million)http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/energy-management-systems-market

36

Gree

n Bu

ildin

gs

Smar

t Bui

ldin

gs

Extracted from James Sinopoli, Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners, and Builders P190

Commonality of Green & Smart buildings

37 LCC & IB• Some bussinessmen are careful with IB, they think only about the bottom line

• But with LCC it covers costs, and prevent loses

• Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a science-based measurement of a project’s impact throughout its life.

• LCC calculator for intellegent building

http://measuresthatmatter.com/caba/

38 LCC & IB

System Integration Specialist

Overtly dependent on contractors

Integration Determinants

• Availability• Low cost

• Relationships• No open standards

• Difficult to accomplish system integration

Limiting Factors• Long-term maintenance contracts of

manufacturers• Engineering by design not adopted as a

norm• Costly upgrade contracts


Dependency on contractors and system integrators


• Advocacy of open standards to some degree

• Cost still overrides decisions• Benefits of integration not fully exploited

Limiting Factors• Hardware intensive with multiple

communication interfaces/gateways makes switch to full integration

cumbersome• Proprietary strongholds persist


Collaborative approach and accountability shared by multiple stakeholders with the building owner at the center of decision

making


• Specs dictated by compatibility and interoperability

• Demonstrates lowest life cycle cost

Limiting Factors• Variances in cost estimation

• Perception issues with regards to cost and time consumed

• Lack of skilled professionals

39 Pros and ConsPROS:

• Adding Convenience to your Daily Life

• Customization

• Security

• Ease of Use

• Save Money and the Environment

CONS:

•Initial Cost

•Slight Learning Curve

•Reliability

•Communication security

40 Smart Grid

http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_EU/SmartGrid/EU-Smart-Grid/

41 Case study

Smart Building Center in Jasin

42

43 Literature