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The Writing Centre Saint Francis Xavier University

Antigonish, Nova Scotia

Integrating Sources

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The Paper All good writers know they will have

experience stages in the writing process:

planningresearchingorganizingwritingrewriting editing proofreading

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Simple (working) Thesis Statement:

Make a statement Defend / support your statement

_________________________

BECAUSE

1)___________________________

2)___________________________

3)___________________________

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Simple (working) Thesis Statement:Make a statement

Defend / support your statement

Chaucer uses the theme of social justice

BECAUSE or TO

1) show the divisions in class

2) subtly make readers aware of the injustice

3) offer solutions

Example

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Take a StandReligious tension in society creates …..

The narrator sets the tone in “The General Prologue” and, thus, focuses the reader’s attention on ............ (characteristic) of the Miller.

Wage inequity is caused by gender stereotyping and traditionally male-dominated workplaces.

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Main Idea

Main point

Main point

Main point

Sub point Sub point

Sub point

Introduction

Thesis Statement

Conclusion

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Essentials of Every Paragraph

SAY IT

SUPPORT IT

EXPLAIN IT

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Integrating quotations

MLA

Joseph Gibaldi notes that a topic sentence should clearly and accurately introduce the quotation (109). Effective quotations are “used selectively” (109) and are

“as brief as possible” (109).

APA

Gibaldi (2003) notes that a topic sentence should clearly and accurately introduce the quotation. Effective quotations are “used selectively” (p. 109) and are “as brief as possible” (109).

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GuidelinesUse your own voice for the thesis and

topic sentences. (SAY IT)

Select quotations that fit your message.

Integrate quotations smoothly. (SUPPORT IT)

Defend the significance of the quotation in your own voice. (EXPLAIN IT)

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Documenting

Support the points you have made in your paper and acknowledge the source of your ideas

Provide references for your reader

Eliminate any chances of plagiarizing

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Use the library!www.stfx.ca

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Troyka adds that “ depending too heavily on quotations gives your readers . . . the impression that you haven’t bothered to develop your own thinking and are letting other people do your talking” (168).

Quick Access

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Effective TransitionsThe narrator says, “ ……” ( ),

Boring, overused

The narrator agrees ….

argues ….

asserts ….

demonstrates …..

defends …..

disagrees …….

notes ……

states ……(Quick Access, p. 177)

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Punctuation for Introducing Quotations

Use a comma after a verb that introduces a quotation.

Smith concludes, “The solution is elusive; years of research are still required” (32).

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Punctuation for Introducing Quotations

Use NO punctuation if the introductory phrase ends with “that.”

Smith emphasizes the need for patience, noting that “. . . years of research are still required” (32).

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Punctuation for Introducing Quotations

Use a colon after a complete sentence that introduces a quotation.

Smith implies that the answer will nor come quickly: “The solution is elusive; years of research are still required” (32).

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Integrating Quotations

The tension builds when Brutus accuses Cassius of accepting bribes. He states, “Let me tell you Cassius …..” (4.3.9-11).

The tension builds when Brutus accuses Cassius of accepting bribes: “Let me tell you Cassius …..” (4.3.9-11).

Stronger, more direct

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Integrating Quotations and Paraphrases

The Duke, disguised as a friar, gets a woman named Mariana to take Isabel’s place. This is one example of how the Duke plans just as a director would do.

The Duke, disguised as a friar, gets a woman named Mariana to take Isabel’s place. Here the Duke acts like a skilled director.

Sharper, less wordy

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Integrating Quotations

Hawking is at heart a rational empiricist, “I think there is a universe out there waiting to be investigated and understood” (44)

Quotation simply dropped in

Hawking is at heart a rational empiricist: “I think there is a universe out there waiting to be investigated and understood” (44)

Quotation fits grammatically

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Integrating Quotations

Quote fragments and integrate into the text.

The narrator refers to the Squire as “ A lovere and a lusty bachelor” (Chaucer line 80).

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Smooth FitToyka suggests: “After writing a sentence that contains a quotations, read it aloud to hear whether the language flows smoothly and gracefully” (169).

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Main Idea

Main point

Main point

Main point

Sub point Sub point

Sub point

Final productIntroduction

Conclusion

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Taking (stealing) another person’s words or ideas, intentionally or unintentionally, and using them as your own.

Plagiarism

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Types of Plagiarism

Intentional

– Using other’s words or ideas as your own with incomplete or no references

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Types of Plagiarism

UnintentionalNot fully understanding the

material (patchwork)

Not fully understanding the need to cite sources (cut and paste)

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“But I didn’t realize…”

It is still plagiarism!

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How to Avoid Plagiarizing? Keep track of all your resource

material and necessary documentation.

Quote judiciously.Quote properly/ Use quotation

marks to indicate the exact words from your source.

Document accurately.

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Tutorial

http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/

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Check your Accuracy

“Her gift of love to Nicholas is literal. ”

www.google.com

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Begin the Works Cited on a new page.

Begin each entry flush on the left margin; indent subsequent lines.

Double space the entire list.

Works Cited

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Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The General Prologue. The

Canterbury Tales. The Norton Anthology

of English Literature. Gen. ed., M.H.

Abrams. 4th ed. Vol. 1 New York: Norton,

1979. 122-39. 2 vols.

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Gibaldi, Joseoph. MLA Handbook for Writers of

Research Papers. 6th ed. New York:

MLA, 2003.

Harvey, Michael. “Effective Quoting.” The Nuts and Bolts

of College Writing. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2003.

16 Sept.2004. <http://nutsandbolts.washcoll.edu/

quoting.html>.

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Troyka, Lynn Quitman. Simon and Schuster

Quick Access Reference for Writers. 2nd

Cdn. ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2004.

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It Is Your Paper

Your name is on the cover.

Make it yours by: Planning Researching Drafting Writing Editing Proofreading

Final Product

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Rating your Paper

http://www.csupomona.edu/~uwc/non_protect/student/CSU-EPTScoringGuide.htm