Integrating Disability Sanchez[1]

Children and Youth - HDN

Integrating ‘Disability’ into the Bank’s Children and Youth Work

30 November, 2004

Juan Felipe Sanchez, Senior Children and Youth Specialist / HDN-CY


Eradicating Poverty The World Bank’s Mission

• Two major pillars:– Investment climate

• Finance, infrastructure, labor market reform, etc.

– Investing in people• Education, health, social protection, HIV/AIDS

• The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a global framework for the WB’s work on children and youth


Children and Youth / Disability at the WB

• Children and Youth Unit at the Human Development Hub since 2002

• Disability team at the Human Development Hub since 2002

• Framework for Action (FfA) to provide guidelines and resources for bank staff working on C&Y

• The focus on Orphans and Vulnerable Children section- and within it, disabled children and youth- as part of the FfA


“Business Case” Why invest in C&Y?

• Demographic Urgency

• Millennium Development Goals

• Economic Efficiency– Children: Highest leverage point for investments to build

human capital

– Youth: Cost of not investing high

• Political Imperative

• Demand from clients and partners

Need to scale up significantly and swiftly


Livelihoodsand

employment

Life-long learning

Healthy behaviors

EarlyChildhood

Development

Child health+ nutrition

Safe, healthyhabitat

Secondary + tertiaryeducation

Primaryeducation

Protection ofthe most

vulnerable(OVC)

Par

tici

pat

ion a

nd E

mpow

erm

ent

Supportive families and communities

Enab

ling p

olicie

s and in

stitutio

ns

Age25

14

6

0

C&Y Conceptual Framework

Starting early…


Livelihoodsand

employment

Life-long learning

Healthy behaviors

Secondary + tertiaryeducation

Par

tici

pat

ion a

nd E

mpow

erm

ent

Supportive families and communities

Enab

ling p

olicie

s and in

stitutio

ns

Age25

14

6

0

C&Y Conceptual Framework

Investing in earlier life

…continue with youth


Issues and risks differ significantly…

Children Issues/Risks

• Malnutrition

• Childhood Illness

• Getting into school/ staying enrolled

• Unsafe home environment

• Orphans and vulnerable children (AIDS, war, street children, disability)

• Child Labor

Youth Issues/Risks

• No voice in development policies

• Staying in school/high dropout rates

• Finding the first job/ staying employed

• Risky behaviors (early pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, violence and crime, drugs)


… and so do potential solutions

• Children (0-14): Doing More and Better – We know increasingly what works

– BUT: how to do it effectively and selectively?

– And catch those falling through the cracks? (e.g. OVC)

• Youth (15-24): More Systematic Focus – Experience and analysis is new and uneven

– How to build on pioneering work? (e.g. LAC and ECA regions)

– How to move from advocacy to evidence? (research and analytic work)

– How to integrate youth voice in all levels of development work


7 days

28 days

1 year

Birth

5 years

10 years

20 years

Primary healthcare and nutrition

Adulthood

Aging

Death

Families andcommunities

Participation

Protection

Safe, healthyhabitat

Healthybehaviors

ECDLife-longlearning

PrimaryeducationSecondary and

tertiary education

Policiesand

operationaltools

The life cycle approach provides the links


Risks and Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability:• "a high probability of a

negative outcome", or an expected welfare loss above a socially accepted norm, which results from risky/uncertain events, and the lack of appropriate risk management instruments.

Risk Factors• Household level (abuse,

parental loss, neglect, exploitation)

• Community level ( lack of safety nets, stigma, social/ethnic exclusion, violence)

• Macro level (HIV/AIDS, conflict, financial crisis, natural disasters)


OVC in the Framework for Action

– Orphans (39 Million, 16 Million of AIDS)

– Child soldiers and children affected by conflict (150,00 War Orphans, 120,000 Child Soldiers and 2 Million permanently Disabled)

– Street children ( 3 Million)

– Domestic servants (5 Million)

– Children bound in the worst forms of child labor & slavery (600,000)

– Disabled children (6 Million)

All data for Sub-Saharan Africa only (source UNICEF Children on the Brink)


Disability and poverty

• People are often disabled not because of a diagnosable condition, but because they are denied access to education, labor market, public services, etc.

• This exclusion leads to poverty and, in a vicious cycle, poverty leads to more disability by increasing their vulnerability (malnutrition, disease, etc.)


Disability and the MDGs

• The priorities of the Bank embodied in the MDGs cannot be achieved without incorporating the 10% of the world’s population which is disabled –given the strong two-way link between poverty and disability


Improving the Bank’s programs by addressing the

issue of disability

• Making Bank programs more accessible, rather than launching a series of parallel programs for disabled people

• Integrating disability creates synergies between a number of different themes by tying them together


Moving Forward

• Continue filling knowledge gaps (e.g. ASW within the framework of the high-level C&Y research task force)

• Take stock of disability-related Bank work & including disability issues within the C&Y website

• Develop regional C&Y strategies incorporating disability priorities

• Support staff and identify technical and financial resources which can assist TTL’s willing to address disability issues


Moving Forward

• Assure inclusion of the most vulnerable in WB project designs

• Continue to include Disability in global partnerships

• Scale up Disability projects/project components• Encourage Disabled youth participation (e.g. YDP

Network, country Youth Voices groups, etc.)

Documents

Integrating Disability Sanchez[1]