Integrated Multi Scale Civil and Infrastrctural Systems Analysis and Design White Book

8/2/2019 Integrated Multi Scale Civil and Infrastrctural Systems Analysis and Design White Book

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Integrated Multiscale

Civil and Infrastructural

Technologies, Processes and Systems

Framework

Alessandro Formica

March 2012


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Alessandro Formica March 2012 All rights reserved

Table of Contents

Document Presentation.. pag. 3

1. Framework Architecture and Objectives pag. 4

2. Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Framework pag. 142.1 Introduction... pag. 14

2.2 Architecture.. pag. 16

2.3 Data, Information and Knowledge Management System pag. 17

2.4 Multiscale Science - Engineering Information Space... pag. 20

2.5 Multiscale Modeling and Simulation as Knowledge Integrators and Multipliers. pag. 21

2.6 Methodologically Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Strategiespag. 22

3. Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Technology, Systemsand Processes Development (IMSE-TSPD) Framework. pag. 25

3,1 Introduction.. pag. 25

3.2 Architecture.. pag. 32

3.3 Computer Aided R&D and Engineering (CARDE) Framework. pag. 343.4 Computer Aided Design of Systems (CADS) Framework.. pag. 39

3.4.1 Introduction.. pag. 39

3.4.2 Architecture and Functionalitiespag. 413.4.3 Multiscale Analysis Strategies. pag. 53

3.5 Virtual Multi Space and Time Scale R&D and Engineering Machine pag. 57

3.6 Multiscale Knowledge Integrator and Multiplier CIC Framework.. pag. 58

3.7 Objectives pag. 60

4. Multiscale System Engineering Application Examples .. pag. 62

4.1 Water Engineeringpag. 624.2 Disasters and Multiscale Environmental Impact Assessment..... pag. 634.3 Integrated Multiscale Modeling and Sensing... pag. 64

4.4 Energy Systems and Environmental Impact Assessment. pag. 67

4.5 Resilient Structures and Systems Multiscale Analysis and Design. pag. 69

4.6 Civil Engineering. pag. 70

4.7 Life Cycle Analysis.. pag. 72

4.8 Environmental Systems Dynamics and Monitoring... pag. 734.9 Wind Energy..pag. 80

4.10 Building Systems.. pag. 82

5. From Space To Earth Macro To Nano Framework.. pag. 845.1 Introduction pag. 84

5.2 A New Vision of Space pag. 89

Author Biography.. pag. 91

Contacts..... pag. 93


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Document PresentationThis White Book introduces a new.Framework based upon the Strategic Multiscale Vision and

Framework, which integrates, according to a Unified Vision and Strategy, advances in

Research (Atomic to Macro Science),

Technology (Nano Micro and Nano To Macro Technologies Integration), Engineering Architectural Solutions (Multiscale Hierarchical Design)

Multiscale Methodologies and Technologies (Computational, Experimental, Testing and Sensing)

The Framework deals with, applying an Integrated Strategy and Vision, the following key issues and

challenges

1) Understanding basic physical and bio-chemical phenomena at atomistic/nano and micro scales underlying

dynamics of Environmental Civil and Infrastructural Systems for the full Life Cycle and for the full range of

operational modes extreme and accident ones included.

2) Transferring, in a systematic way, science based Knowledge inside the Technological Development and

Engineering Design fields to realize real Multiscale Science Based Technology Development and

Engineering Design Frameworks

Items 1) and 2) are addressed by the Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Framework( Chapter 2)

3) Taking full advantage of Nano and Micro Technologies progress and Nano To Macro Integration

strategies to design a new generation of Hierarchical Multiscale Nano To Macro Materials, Structures,

Components and Plants able to meet increasingly tight environmental, robustness and energy efficiency

requirements.

4) Designing Complex Interconnected Networks of Civil and Infrastructural Systems applying new

Multiscale Science Based Frameworks to meet increasingly large number of interdependent

environmental, safety & security, resilience, adaptivity, operational flexibility and economic viability

requirements and constraints. This goal is to a large extent dependent on the availability of new technologiesand architectural solutions dealt with at the item 3

5) Always increasing complexity of the Research, Technology Development nd Engineering processes

makes it needed to Model and Simulate these processes in order to increase their effectiveness and

efficiency.

6) Designing a new Generation of Computing, Information and Communication Cyber Infrastructures which

take advantage not only of technological advances, but, also, of the new conceptual context by is being

outlined by Multiscale Science Engineering Integration in order to introduce innovative architectural

solutions and operational modes..

Item 3), 4) and 5) are addressed, from a Holistic Point of View, by the Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Technologies, Systems and Processes Development Framework (see Chapter 3). This global

view is needed because the previously quoted three items are interlinkedItem 3) is addressed by the Computer Aided R&D and Engineering (CARDE) Framework (Paragraph

3.3)

Item 4) is addressed by theComputer Aided Design of Systems (CADS) Framework (Paragraph 3.4)Item 5) is addressed by the Virtual Multi Space and Time Scale R&D and Engineering Machine(Paragraph 3.5)

Item 6) is addressed by the Multiscale Knowledge Integrator and Multiplier CIC Framework(Paragraph 3.6)

7) The relevance of Space assets to monitor Erath Based Systems Dynamics is positively on the rise.

Accordingly, a Multiscale Integration of Space and Earth based assets is becoming a need and a real

opportunity.

Items 7) is addressed by the From Space To Earth Macro To Nano Framework (Chapter 5)


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Chapter 1. Framework Architecture and ObjectivesThe fundamental goal of the Integrated Multiscale Civil and Infrastructural Systems Analysis, Design and

Technology Development Framework is to represent a New Unified Conceptual Context to shape a wide

range of innovative projects and catalyze technology, and Engineering breakthroughs inside two Areas of

large Scientific, Technological, Industrial and Social relevance:

Complex Civil and Infrastructural Systems Analysis, Design and Monitoring

Innovative Civil and Infrastructural Technology Development. .

Framework Architecture:

Basic Theoretical and Methodological Framework (Chapter 2):

Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Framework (Strategic Multiscale) whichrepresents the theoretical, conceptual and methodological basis Main elements of the Conceptual and

Methodological Framework are:

Multiscale Science - Engineering Data, Information and Knowledge Analysis and ManagementSystem

Multiscale Science Engineering Information Space

Modeling & Simulation as Knowledge Integrators and Multipliers and Unifying Paradigm forScientific and Engineering Methodologies and Knowledge Domains

Information Driven Multiscale Science Engineering Analysis Concept and Schemes

Methodologically Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Methodologies

Multiscale Multiresolution Experimentation, Testing and Sensing

Integrated Multiscale R&D and Engineering Analysis Strategies

New Methods, Tools and Strategies to Design the R&D and Engineering Process

Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Technology, Systems andProcesses Development (IMSE-TSPD) Framework (Chapter 3)

Computer Aided R&D and Engineering (CARDE) Framework: a set of Software Environmentsthat implement theories, methods and concepts described in the Integrated Multiscale Science

Engineering Framework to design new technologies, materials, devices, components and Civil and

Infrastructural Plants and Processes

Computer Aided Design of Systems (CADS) Framework: a set of SW Environments thatimplement theories, methods and concepts described in the Integrated Multiscale Science

Engineering Framework to analyze and monitor dynamics of the Civil and Infrastructural Systemand Systems of Systems and their relationships with Natural Environment and Human Health for thefull Life Cycle and the full spectrum of operational conditions, extreme and accident ones included.

and design new Hierarchical Multiscale Macro Civil and Infrastructural System Architectural

Solutions

From Space To Earth Framework.: to design new Space Monitoring Systems and integrate themwith Earth Based Monitoring, Testing Assets and Experimental Facilities to realize an integrated

two way Macro To nano and Nano To Macro Framework

Innovative Technology and System Development Analysis and Planning Framework or VirtualMultiscale Space Time Machine which simulate the R&D and Engineering Processes

Multiscale Knowledge Integrator and Multiplier Computing, Information and

Communication Infrastructural Environment


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A clear demonstration of the relevance get by Multiscale/Multiresolution/Multilevel approach is given by the

FuturICT project defined in the context of the European Union Future Emerging Technology (FET)

FLAGSHIP Program, the largest European Program in the Information Technology Area. The following Box

synthetically describes this project/proposal. Multilevel Modeling is one of the key issue. This

Project/Proposal is also a clear demonstration of the growing level of interest to address Societal Issues in a

more integrated way and with new approaches and strategies.

COMPLEX SYSTEM ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK:FUTURICT KNOWLEDGE ACCELERATOR - FET FLAGSHIP PROPOSAL

FUTURICT is a multidisciplinary EU/international scientific endeavour with focus on techno-socio-

economic-environmental systems. The ultimate goal of the FuturICT flagship project is to understand

and manage complex, global, socially interactive systems, with a focus on sustainability and

resilience.

FuturICT as a whole will act as a Knowledge Accelerator, turning massive data into knowledge and

technological progress. In this way. Specifically, FuturICT will build a sophisticated simulation,

visualization and participation platform, called the Living Earth Platform. This platform will power

Crisis Observatories, to detect and mitigate crises, and Participatory Platforms, to support the

decision-making of policy-makers, business people and citizens, and to facilitate a better social,economic and political participation.


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The goal of this project is to design future information processing technology that will take ICT beyond the

current limits of energy requirements and performances. In order to realize this ambitious goal, the project

will require and enable anticipation, insight and validation via simulation through a multiscale approach,

from atomic scale including quantum features up to complex system level design. Such simulations will

themselves make extensive use of todays most performant supercomputers and distributed computing

infrastructuresThe following slides drawn from the Presentation given by University of Innsbruck Prof. Peter Zoller in

occasion of the FET Flagships' Workshop Brussels, 9 - 10 June 2010 Centre Albert Borschette, Brussels

highlight, describes how Multiscale is considered as a central concept and method for the whole ICT

Area.

A wide adoption of Multiscale Science based Modeling and Simulation calls for important advances in

Computing, Information and Communication methodologies and technologies, but, at the same time, it can

be regarded as one of the major driver for progress in several ICT Programme areas such as DataManagement, Knowledge Discovery, High Performance Networking and Computing, Virtual Distributed

Environments and Visualization.

The development of Multiscale Cyberinfrastructures integrating a full spectrum of multiscale computational

models with a full spectrum of multiscale experimental and/or testing equipments and distributed multiscale

data analysis and fusion systems, will be a major advance for all the engineering field and a new frontier for

Information and Communication technologies


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Multiscale

Basic Concept: Any Natural and Technological System is constituted by a Hierarchy of Elements

mutually interacting. Accordingly, the behaviour (dynamics) of any Natural and Technological

System is determined by the interaction among entities, activities, phenomena and processes which

occur over a wide range of space and time scales (from nano to macro, from picoseconds to years)and a whole spectrum of disciplines. Multiscale Science Engineering Integration implies:

understanding correlations and interdependencies among phenomena and processes over the fullspectrum of scales (from nano to macro) and build a new generation of science based models to

analyze and understand the dynamics of Complex Systems

transferring in a coordinated way, following coherent strategies, scientific knowledge intoengineering, manufacturing & processing and operations

improving in a significant way macro scale computational models analytical and predictivecapabilities by inserting into them data and information get by a full hierarchy of interrelated nano,

micro and meso computational models.

Multiscale entails the integrated and synergistic use of a wide range of computational, experimental,

testing and sensing techniques and models with different degree of space and time resolution following

a comprehensive and coherent strategy. As the name implies, multiscale synthesizes information

from a broad range of length scales: from the continuum down to the atomistic level and vice versa

Multiscale is affecting all the methodologies: analytical, computational, experimentation, testing and

sensing

The figure describes a Multiscale Vision of a Plant (Chemical or Power). The hierarchy of

computational models applied to carry out a Multiscale Analysis are synthetically indicated: (Ab

Initio Calculations Molecular Dynamics Simulations Multiphase Flow Computational Fluid

Dynamics - Dynamic Plant Simulations). Models are linked using a wide range of methodologies

(Parameter Passing, Concurrent, Adaptive,..). Similar Multiscale Integration Strategy can be built and

applied to any kind of Civil, Industrial and Infrastructural System of any complexity level


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Multiscale Multidisciplinary Science Engineering Integration

Multiscale Science Engineering Integration implies the ability of correlating according to integrated

strategies, models, methods, data, information and knowledge generated and applied in the several phasesof the whole R&D and Engineering Process

Multiscale Science-Engineering Integration can be considered as an Unifying Paradigm for Science

and Engineering and, more in general, a fundamental conceptual basis to develop upon a Unified

Vision of the full spectrum of scientific, technological, civil, infrastructural, industrial and economic

development processes.


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Multiscale as Unifying Paradigm for Chemical Engineering

Prof. Charpentier, past European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) President, at the6th World

Congress of Chemical Engineering - Melbourne 2001, described his Vision of Multiscale as StrategicParadigm for Chemical Engineering.

We report his words :

One key to survival in globalization of trade and competition, including needs and challenges, is the

ability of chemical engineering to cope with the society and economic problems encountered in the

chemical and related process industries. It appears that the necessary progress will be achieved via a

multidisciplinary and time and length multiscale integrated approach to satisfy both the market

requirements for specific end use properties and the environmental and society constraints of the

industrial processes and the associated services.

This concerns four main objectives for engineers and researchers:

(a) total multiscale control of the process (or procedure) to increase selectivity and productivity,

(b) design of novel equipment based on scientific principles and new methods of production: process

intensification,

(c) manufacturing end-use properties for product design: the triplet processus-product-process

engineering,

(d) implementation of multiscale application of computational modeling and simulation to real-life

situations: from the molecular scale to the overall complex production scale.

Charpentier Vision has been applied in the context of the EU Sixth Framework Programme in the

IMPULSE Project whose objective is to design a new generation of Multiscale Chemical Reactors. It

is possible to extend these concepts to the Civil and Infrastructural World


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US Department of Homeland Security

Buildings and Infrastructure Protection SeriesAging Infrastructure: Issues, Research, and Technology

BIPS 01 / December 2010

The relevance of an Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Nano To Macro Strategy to design a new

resilient and more efficient Infrastructure for US is clearly highlighted in the above quoted Report. In the

following, excerpts from this Report are reproduced which synthetically illustrate this Vision:

From Pag. 2-29

As America seeks to revitalize its aging infrastructure through both renovation and new construction, it

must develop a long-term vision. Traditionally, science and technology have provided a toolbox of new

technologies, new materials, new monitoring, better controls, and optimization models. The Department of

Homeland Securitys (DHSs) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) will continue to shape the

discussion of how we achieve a resilient infrastructure. Intelligent revitalization and expansion of

Americas infrastructure requires innovation on many physical scales, from the nano to the global. Thispaper addresses the scope and scale of the challenges and explores considerations for developing plans.

From Pag. 2-33

Thinking across vast differences of scale: Scientists and engineers tend to work in reasonably tight-scale

domains. Synthetic chemists think at a molecular scale. Physicists study subatomic particles. Engineers build

structures in the 10- and 100-m scale. Transportation planners look for routes that are hundreds of kilometers

long. Computer scientists design for nanosecond pulses. Increasingly we all need to be thinking and planning

across all these scales. Scientists must visit other scales to consider implications of their work and look for

new approaches. Engineers must think more broadly across scales to consider chemical degradation of

structural elements and also the systems of systems that have an impact upon, and are impacted by, thediscrete structure being considered.

From Pag. 2-55

Traditionally, science and technology have provided a toolbox of new technologies, new materials, new

monitoring, better controls, and optimization models. Scientists and inventors will continue to provide new

toolbox-advances that will shape the discussion on how we achieve a resilient infrastructure. More

important, science and technology can contribute to shaping our blueprint by instilling scientific rigor into

the process and engaging with the other sectors that will shape our future.

Sciences role in understanding interdependencies at multiple scales, setting standards, examining underlying

assumptions, informing decisions with data, envisioning possible future technologies, developing archi-tectures, improving risk assessment, analyzing alternatives, and running scenarios is critical to optimize and

rationalize the vision. Science and technology can also contribute to providing 21st century governance,

financing, manufacturing, and business models.

Intelligent revitalization and expansion of Americas infrastructure requires innovation on many

physical and temporal scales. Scientists and engineers have a voice and a role in shaping this vision.

The science and technology community needs to participate in the discourse and provide guidance on

the technical, economic, and social possibilities for our future.


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Hanyang University (Korea)Louisiana State University Columbia University

Multiscale Simulation and Nano & Integrated Nano To Macro Technologies forSustainable Infrastructures

This project proposal illustrates some of the potentialities opened by Multiscale Nano To Macro

Integration as far as the design of a new generation of Infrastructures is concerned:


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In order to lead to the fusion of conventional civil- and promising nano-technology, current education,

research and practice regarding to both manufacturing technologies and infrastructure inspection methods

should be greatly altered. Integrative, interdisciplinary education, research and practice are essential.

The multi length and time scales, complexity, heterogeneity of civil engineering materials make it very

difficult to observe, measure, model/simulate, analyze, synthesize, and control them using generic tools in

civil engineering. Therefore, the creation of an integrated community in terms of both education and research

which dedicates to leading the application of conventional civil engineering and promising nano-technology

in a fusion-focused manner, is significantly needed. The proposed research framework involves efforts

across three major disciplines: Engineering, Basic Sciences, and Education as well as three institutions:

Hanyang University in Korea, and Louisiana State University, and Columbia University in USA.

Furthermore this effort is grouped into the following sub-disciplines, namely Material Mechanics (nanoscale

and microscale controlling technologies), Computational Mechanics (multiscale modeling and simulation

technologies based on grid and parallel computing), Structural Engineering (Fusion application technologies

to infrastructures), and Education and Outreach.


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Multiscale: Strategic Asset for Civil and Environmental Engineering

Vanderbilt UniversityMultiscale and Civil & Environmental Engineering


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Chapter 2. Integrated Multiscale Science EngineeringFramework

2.1 Introduction

Relationships between science and engineering, basic and applied research, technology development,engineering and manufacturing are deeply changing. At the same time, dramatic advances in Computing

Information and Communication (CIC) technologies are reshaping the Research, Industry Scenario and

Cooperative Environments. Accordingly, a new language and theoretical framework to understand and

manage this complex process and drive technology innovation and complex systems design well into the

21st century, is a reasonable need. However, significant methodological advances are needed to take full

advantage of the Computing, Information and Communication (CIC) technologicalRevolution and

effectively cope with educational, industrial, economic, environmental and societal challenges. A new

Integrated Multiscale Multidisciplinary Science - Engineering approach can be regarded as a strategic goal.

A key goal is to define more general Methodologically Integrated Multiscale Multidisciplinary R&D and

Engineering Strategies.

The fundamental concept is that, to meet 21st century innovative technology development and complex

systems engineering analysis and design challenges, we need important improvements in Methodology and

the way Information is dealt with inside R&D and Engineering. This development process can be started by

implementing what we call a Strategic view of the Multiscale concept and method. Computational

Multiscale is today widely regarded as a New Frontier for Computational Science and Engineering.

Strategic Multiscalecan be a New Frontier for R&D and Engineering Strategies and Organization.

Strategic Multiscale is not only a new methodology, but a unifying paradigm to enable integration of

science and engineering as it was defined by Villermaux, Ka, Ng, Formica, in the mid of nineties. Central

elements of the Strategic Vision of Multiscale are a new concept of Modeling and Simulation as Knowledge

Integrators and Multipliers andUnifying Paradigm for Scientific and Engineering Knowledge Domains

and Methodologies and a new set of Multiscale Science - Engineering Data Information and Knowledge

Schemes and Strategies. This Vision directly leads to the extension of the multiscale concept to the

experimental, testing and sensing worlds and a comprehensive integration of a full spectrum of multiscale

computational, experimental, testing and sensing methodologies and related knowledge domains.


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The relevance of Multiscale as Unifying Paradigm to catalyze to R&D and Engineering organizational

structures is demonstrated by the Stevens Institute of Technology which uses Multiscale and

Nanotechnology as Unifying Paradigm to structure integrate several R&D and Engineering Fields

Stevens Institute of TechnologyNanotechnology & Multiscale Systems Research

The Multiscale Science, Engineering, and Technology research thrust at Stevens seeks to establish the

knowledge base necessary to develop and implement nanotechnology-enabled solutions spanning a broad

spectrum of engineering and science disciplines. Rooted in nanoscale science yet focused on real-world

problems, these emerging technologies will have transformative value in areas of national and global

interest including energy, health, electronics, communications, the environment, and national security.

Multiscale Research Centers

Highly Filled Materials Institute, HFMI

New Jersey Center for Micro Chemical Systems (NJCMCS)

Center for Environmental Systems (CES)

Design and Manufacturing Institute

Multiscale Shared Facilities

Micro Device Laboratory

Laboratory for Multiscale Imaging

Multiscale Laboratories

Nanomechanics & Nanomaterials

Active Nanomaterials & Devices Lab

Light and Life Laboratory

Center for Mass Spectrometry Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy and Communication Lab Nano and Microfluidics Laboratory

Multi-Scale Robotics and Automation Lab

Ultrafast Dynamics and Control Theory Group


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2.2 ArchitectureThe Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Framework is structured around the following concepts

and methods::

Multiscale Science - Engineering Data, Information and Knowledge Analysis and ManagementSystem

Multiscale Science Engineering Information Space

Modeling & Simulation as Knowledge Integrators and Multipliers and Unifying Paradigm forScientific and Engineering Methodologies and Knowledge Domains

The role of Multiscale as Unifying Paradigm and Language for Science and Engineering wasdiscussed by Alessandro Formica, some years ago in the book - Computational Stochastic

Mechanics In a Meta-Computing Perspective December 1997 - Edited by J. Marczyk pag. 29

Article: A Science Based Multiscale Approach to Engineering Stochastic Simulations.

Information Driven Multiscale Science Engineering Analysis Concept and Schemes

Methodologically Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Methodologies

Multiscale Multiresolution Experimentation, Testing and Sensing

Integrated Multiscale R&D and Engineering Analysis Strategies

New Methods, Tools and Strategies to Design the R&D and Engineering Process

This Framework represents the theoretical basis of the Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering

Technology, Systems and Processes Development (IMSE-TSPD) Framework described in the Chapter 3

Important Note: an in-depth presentation of the Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Framework

and the Strategic Multiscale Vision is carried out in the Strategic Multiscale A New Frontier for R&D

and Engineering White Book In this Chapter Framework some key basic Concepts and Methods are

described


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2.3 Data, Information and Knowledge Management SystemThe new Data, Information and Knowledge Management System rests on the concept of Multiscale

Multiresolution Multi Abstraction Level Map. The Multiscale Multiresolution Multi Abstraction Levels

Map concept here described is an extension of the Map concept discussed by Formica in the Multiscale

Science Engineering Integration: A new Frontier for Aeronautics, Space and Defense White Book

published on March 2003 by Italian Association of Aeronautics and Astronautics,.

Definition: Multiscale Multiresolution Multi Abstraction Level Maps are Multiscale Multiresolution Multi

Level Information and Knowledge Structures describing complex networks of relationships and

interdependencies between the spectrum of Information Variables characterizing Systems Structure and

Dynamics (any kind of Systems). Relationships and interdependencies between Information Variables are

worked out applying several mathematical techniques such as multivariate analyses and neural networks to

raw data coming from a wide range of Data Sources (analytical and computational models, data bases,

experimentation, testing and sensing). covering the full spectrum of scales (from atomistic to macro) and the

full spectrum of disciplines. Multiscale Maps structure Data and Information and, accordingly, they

represent a step to turn Information into Knowledge. Representations can be static and dynamic. Multi

Abstraction means that Maps can be set up and integrated applying several aggregation and clustering

schemes. A cluster of Multiscale Maps aggregated following a specific aggregation scheme can define what

can be called a Knowledge Domain. Knowledge Domains can be organized in a Hierarchical Way.

Maps are organized in a hierarchical way. For instance: a Physical Knowledge Domain linked to a

specific Process (Hypervelocity Impact, Combustion or Explosion, for instance) can be constructed by

assembling a range of Multiscale Physical Maps describing more elementary physical (chemical and

biochemical) phenomena (fracture, fragmentation, phase change,..) related to a specific material or

component of a System.

Multiscale Maps are built integrating/fusing (statistical methods, neural networks,) data from a wide

range of sources:

a spectrum of scientific and engineering teams, a wide range of methodologies,

a spectrum of analysis and design tasks in the different stages of the whole Technology Developmentand Engineering process.

Multiscale Maps incorporate error analyses and uncertainty quantification methods.

Multiscale Maps allow for an effective insertion and management of the more fundamental knowledge

(basic and applied research) inside Technology Development and Engineering phases. At each phase,

Multiscale Maps are built taking full advantage of the knowledge get in the previous phase.

Several typologies of Maps are foreseen which describe relationships between:

Multiscale Analysis and Design Variable Maps tracking relationships between Analysis and DesignVariables . Multiscale Analysis and Design Variable Maps are built applying statistical analysis schemes(multivariate, PCA) or other techniques like neural networks to data coming from several sources: data

bases, computation, analytical theories, experimentation, testing, sensing. Data integration and fusion

techniques are applied to reconcile and integrate data coming from different sources characterized by a

range of accuracy and reliability degrees. Multiscale Analysis and Design Variable Maps describe

relationships between variables and parameters used to characterize Systems Behaviour over a full

range of space and time scales.


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Multiscale Physics Maps describing relationships between Physical, Chemical and BiochemicalPhenomena and Processes

Multiresolution Multiscale Architectural/Structural Maps describing relationships between thehierarchy Sub-Systems, Components, Devices, Materials and Elementary Structures constituting an

Environmental, Civil, Infrastructural and Industrial System of arbitrary level of complexity. From

a general points of view, for Systems we mean Technological Systems and the Natural

Environment where the Technological Systems operates) This kind of Maps also describe

materials flow among the Entities which constitute the System. The System includes the

Natural Environment where the Technological Systems operates

substances of any kind of nature (pollutant emissions in the air, water, surface and subsurface,

for instance) flow

energy flow

Multiscale Monitoring and Control Maps describing Network of Sensors and Control Devices andSystems and their relationships with Elements to be monitored and controlled (described in the

Multiresolution Multiscale Architectural/Structural Maps. Transformation Processes induced by

control actions are described thanks to Multiresolution Multiscale Physics Maps Multiscale Functional Maps describing relationships between System Architectural/Structural

Elements d Functions performed

Multiscale Requirements - Performance Property StructureMaps describing relationships betweenRequirements, Performance, Structural Elements and related Properties over the whole scales and

resolution levels. .

Multiscale Performance Property Structure - Processing Maps describing the impact ofProcessing techniques over the network of Performance, Structure - Property relationships over the

whole scales and resolution levels.

Multiscale Maps represents a key element of a new Multiscale Computer Aided Research, Development

and Engineering (CARDE) SW Framework.

Fig. 1 Physics Map Example (from Overview of the Fusion Materials Sciences Program Presented by S.J.Zinkle, Oak Ridge National Lab Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Meeting February 27, 2001

Gaithersburg)


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2.4 Multiscale Science - Engineering Information Space

This concept was presented by Alessandro Formica in the Report Fundamental R&D Trends in Academia

and Research Centres and Their Integration into Industrial Engineering (September 2000), drafted for

European Space Agency (ESA). The Multiscale Science-Engineering Information Space is associated to

any analytical, computational model/method, and experimental, testing and sensing procedure and technique

applied to a specific task. The Multiscale Science-Engineering Information Space defines:

what spectrum of information about physical/biological/chemical phenomena and processes

at what level of accuracy and reliability

can be get by a computational model or experimental/testing/sensing technique/procedure applied in a

specific context for a specific task.

A set of model variables characterize analytical and computational models. A set of method variables

characterize the specific method applied to perform simulations. A set of system variables characterizes

the system to be modeled and simulated or subjected to experimental, testing and sensing analyses. A set of

experimental, testing and sensing variables characterizes experimental, testing and sensing techniques and

procedures.

The Multiscale Science-Engineering Information Space concept and method enables researchers

and designers to jointly define development roadmaps for computational models and experimental,

testing and sensing techniques.

the Multiscale Science-Engineering Information Space concept and method is instrumental to identify:

shortcomings and limitations of computational models/methods and related multiscale multiphysicscoupling schemes for specific R&D and Engineering tasks

development lines (roadmaps) for computational models and methods and multiscale coupling schemesto achieve specific R&D and Engineering objectives

shortcomings and limitations and development lines (roadmaps) for experimental, testing and sensingtechniques and procedures and related multiscale multiphysics coupling schemes

integrated roadmaps for jointly developing multiscale multiphysics analytical, computational and(multiscale) experimental, testing and sensing techniques to deal with specific R&D and Engineering

Tasks

integrated strategies for jointly applying multiphysics multiscale analytical, computational and(multiscale) experimental, testing and sensing techniques/procedures to deal with specific R&D and

Engineering Tasks


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2.5 Multiscale Modeling and Simulation as Knowledge Integrators andMultipliers and Unifying Paradigm for Scientific and EngineeringMethodologies and Knowledge Domains

Multiscale Multiphysics Modeling and Simulation can be regarded as Knowledge Integrators and

Multipliers (KIM) and Unifying Paradigm for Scientific and Engineering Knowledge Domains andMethodologies because Multiscale Models are able to integrate and synthesize, in a coherent framework,

Data, information, and Knowledge from:

a number of disciplines,

a wide range of scientific and engineering time and space domains,

multiple scientific and engineering models (science-engineering integration) linked by a spectrum ofcoupling schemes.

a wide spectrum of Computational, Experimentation, Testing and Sensing Multiscale Science Engineering Data and Information Spaces built during the development, validation, application and I

improvement phases of the same Multiscale Models

several Maps generated by a wide range of methodologies (analytical theories, computation,experimentation, testing and sensing) during the development, validation, application and improvement

phases of the same Multiscale Models

In this vision, we propose to extend the concept of Model to include not only its mathematical

formulation, but, also, Information Spaces and Maps linked to it for specific tasks.

In the proposed theoretical and methodological framework it is necessary to extend the concept of Model

from the Computational to the Experimental, Testing and Sensing World. In the context of the Experimental,

Testing and Sensing World, for Model, as referred to a specific Experimental, Testing, Sensing activity

carried out with specific techniques, working in a specific operational mode and probing a specific system

for a specific task, we mean an Information and Knowledge Structure that define: Characteristics (structure, composition, initial dynamics state, boundary conditions, external loadings) of

the System to be probed

Characteristics of the equipment in terms of resolution, scale, physical and biochemical phenomenawhich can be probed

Characteristics of the specific Experimental, Testing and Sensing operational conditions and modesapplied for specific R&D and Engineering Tasks

The Multiscale Science Engineering Information Space related to it

Multiscale Physics Maps .


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2.6 Methodologically Integrated Multiscale Science EngineeringStrategies

The Information Driven ConceptThe term Information Driven means that R&D and Engineering strategies have to address what can be

called The Information Challenge for R&D and Engineering :

What Information at what level of accuracy and reliability (uncertainty quantification) is needed toaccomplish a task

What Relationships and Interdependencies between analysis and design variables should be tracked overa full range (as needed) of space and time scales to accomplish a task

What kind of information sources (analytical, computational, experimental, testing and sensingmodels/techniques) are needed and how they can be combined to get the previously identified

information

The Multiscale Science Engineering Information Space and the Information Driven concept(described in the paragraph 3.6.1) allow us to define new Applicability Conditions and Predictability

Criteria for Computational Models to shape Application Strategies for Modeling and Simulation and

their integration with related Experimentation, Testing and Sensing Application Strategies

The final goal is the development of Methodologically Integrated Multiscale Science - Engineering

Strategies which represent a very important element of the New Framework here described.

Applicability Conditions. Two basic conditions which rule the development and the implementation of

predictive models and their integration with experimental and testing techniques can be defined:

researchers and engineers are able to formulate hypotheses about what Information is needed toaccomplish a R&D and Engineering task:

what physical length scales and phenomena/processes and relationships/interdependencies are

important for specific R&D and Engineering tasks and purposes.

at what level of accuracy and reliability phenomena/processes should be modeled and simulated

researchers and engineers are able to define the range of validity of the models and, inside this range,the degree of accuracy and reliability of the same models.

Applicability Conditions can also be applied to the Experimental, Testing and Sensing Fields. A detailed

comparison of the Information which can be get by the respective analyses with the Information we

think it is needed to accomplish a specific Task is an important element to shape Methodologically

Integrated Strategies

Predictability Criteria

When we discuss about predictive capabilities of models in the R&D and Engineering context, we should

carefully take into account two critical issues: predictive consequence and confidence.

Predictive Consequence: what is the impact of errors/uncertainties for specific tasks? Errors/uncertaintiescan be relatively large but their impact can be low. On the contrary, errors and uncertainties can be

limited but their impact can be very large.

Predictive Confidence:how to assess models errors and uncertainties in order to evaluate the level ofconfidence? [Multiscale Science Engineering Information Space and Verification & Validation

methods]

Application Conditions and Predictability Criteria are important Guiding Principles to define Multiscale

Modeling and Simulation Application Strategies and to shape Methodologically Integrated Multiscale

Science Engineering Strategies.


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The final objective is to define Integration Strategy Maps which describe:

What analytical theories, single and multi scale computational models and what single and multi scaleexperiments, tests and sensing systems and models have to be selected to deal with a specific task

What is the order of execution and the overall Integration Scheme as shaped by the ApplicabilityConditions and Predictability Criteria (Multilevel Network of Computational, Experimental, Testing

and Sensing Models/Methods and Techniques)

What is the flow of input and output data and information/knowledge (Maps) among the full spectrum ofmodels and experiments/tests/sensing models and techniques.

For each specific task, Integration Strategy Maps describe:

The full set of Analytical Theories/Formulations, Computational, Experimental, Testing and Sensing

Models/Methods/Techniques applied to deal with specific task

The order of execution and Integration Scheme: Multilevel Network of Multiscale Analytical,

Computational, Experimental, Testing and Sensing Models and Techniques.

Multiscale Science Engineering Information Spaces

Input and Output Data and the related Flow between Models

Multiscale Maps

Fig. 2 Integration Strategy Map (from US Department of Energy (DoE) Fusion Materials program:

Aspects of Multiscale Modeling Primary Damage and Rate Theory Models Presentation R. E. Stoller

Metals and Ceramics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

This Figure describes a possible combination of the proposed Multiscale Map of Physics and Multiscale Integration Strategy Map of Computational Models and Experiments & Tests


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Multiscale is now extended from the Computational Field to the Experimentation and Testing ones. A key

feature of the proposed Multiscale Framework is a full integration of all the methodologies following the

Multiscale Modeling and Simulation as Knowledge Integrators and Multipliers concept and Information

Driven Strategies (Multiscale Science Engineering Information Analysis)

Multiscale Testing and ExperimentationWidening and tightening requirements and operational envelopes (extreme ones included) call for:

New Multiscale Experimental Techniques and Strategies to get an in depth understanding of themultiscale network of relationships and interdependencies among physical and biochemical

phenomena and processes and analysis and design variables

New Multiscale Modeling and Simulation to plan experimentation and testing activities andanalyze and interpret data

New Integrated Sensing - Testing Experimentation Modeling Strategies

The following figure, from EADS, describes an Integrated Hierarchy of Multiscale Multiresolution

Testing Systems and Models. The figure concern an aircraft, but the scheme can be applied to any

civil and infrastructural structure and system.

The Following Figure illustrates the Integration of Multiscale Modeling, Experimentation and Testing(Paul Scherrer Institute and ETH)


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Multiscale Experimentation and Testing For Civil Engineering:

Ris DTU Multiscale Mechanical Test FacilityDescription of the infrastructure

In the infrastructure each laboratory has access to a variety of expertise and associated testing facilities.

The application focus areas of the involved partner are wind turbines, transportation, mechanicalcomponents, civil infrastructure, bridges, buildings, offshore applications. The competences cover

material science and technology, metals and composites, material mechanics and testing on all scales.

The overall objectives are to create a multi-scale approach for modelling, experimental

characterization and processing of complex structures made of metals, concrete and composite

materials, so that optimization can be made at all relevant length scales (material, substructure and

component), accounting for imperfections.

Facilities at Ris DTUFacilities available are: In large scale testing and field monitoring: Civil infrastructure and Maritime

structures, wind turbine blades and components (tower, drive train, subcomponents) For Sub-structure

and components: General substructure and component lab. Hybrid testing. Combined environmental

and mechanical testing. Materials testing: Materials testing under controlled environment, fracture and

fatigue, high strain rates, General materials testing, fracture mechanical testing, fatigue, Nano and

Micro-testing: ESEM with mechanical loading capabilities. Key measuring techniques: Relevant state-

of-the-art measuring techniques span from conventional analogue systems measuring for example

displacement and strain in a single point or over a small gauge length, to modern advanced digital

systems able to monitor displacements and deformations over a large area by use of Digital Image

Correlation (DIC) and strains along fibres using fiber optics. Complementary inspection and evaluation

techniques that can be applied in real time will also be required to return sub-surface failure indications.

Services and type of research offered by the infrastructureThe services offered by the infrastructure is to provide leading edge expertise and facilities for multi-

scale research and experimentation. The competences are to

Provide a one-stop-shop platform for multi-scale experimental civil and mechanical engineeringresearch related to materials and structures

Provide unique experimental facilities and expertise required to develop new materials, productsand structures for innovation

Support teaching at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels and receive funds from theinvolved universities for this purpose.

Equipment in four different areas is applied for representing the expertise of the infrastructure: (i) Large

scale testing and field monitoring. (ii) Sub-structure and component testing. (iii) Materials testing and

(iv) Nano- and micro-scale testing. Furthermore, key measuring equipment not tied to a specific length

scale is an integrated element.


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3. Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Technology,Systems and Processes Development (IMSE-TSPD)Framework

3,1 IntroductionThe object of this Chapter is to outline the possibilities opened by Nanotechnology, Nano To Macro

Integration processes and Multiscale R&D and Engineering Methods and Strategies to design a new

generation of Hierarchical Multiscale Materials and Structures to meet an extended range of increasingly

tight requirements (environmental compliance, safety, security, energy consumption,).

Multiscale means Multiscale Multidisciplinary (integration of a spectrum of physical and biochemical

domains and data from a full set of experimental, testing and sensing sources). Multiscale is intrinsically

Multidisciplinary. Multidisciplinary Knowledge is fundamental for a New Generation of Civil and

Infrastructural Technologies, Engineering Architectures and Operational solutions.. Multiscale becomes a

very powerful integrator of knowledge. This fact is an important condition to develop innovative

technologies and engineering systems which are ever more complex to meet an increasingly spectrum of

objectives (performance, safety, environmental compliance,..).

Societal issues are ever more characterized and conditioned by the following critical factors:

Increasing Structural, Functional and Operational Complexity

Widening range of Links and Interdependencies between them

Widening range of (often conflicting) objectives to be met (resilience, security, safety, environmentalcompliance, operational flexibility, energetic efficiency,.)

Increasing need, due to previous issues, to integrate a full spectrum of scientific knowledge inside thetechnology development, engineering and testing processes (Science Engineering Integration)

Fig. 3 Network of Interlinked Civil and Infrastructural Systems


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Multiscale Science Engineering Integration naturally leads to the concept of Multiscale Science Based

Nano To Macro Society which means that the New Society is built upon four Pillars:

Multiscale Computing, Information and Communication Cyber Infrastructures

Nano and Micro Technologies and their integration with the macro ones (Nano To Macro

Integration) to give the birth to a new generation of Engineering Architectures

Multiscale Computational , Experimentation, Testing and Sensing Methodologies andTechniques

Integrated Multiscale R&D and Engineering Strategies and Frameworks

Nanotechnology is becoming a mature field.

The next step is to transition to a more holistic vision: Nano To Macro Integration

Impressive Computing, Information and Communication (CIC) technological progress and significant

Theoretical and Multiscale R&D and Engineering Framework advances

opened the way to the development of a wide range of deeply innovative Inherently Hierarchical

Multiscale Technological and Engineering Design Solutions and Architectures

in critical Civil, Infrastructural, Industrial, Environmental, Health and Agricultural fields.

Integrated Multiscale Hierarchical Science Engineering Solutions are, today, a real possibility and

opportunity, not a dream A significant step along this development line has been the EU IMPULSE Project

which has had the objective to develop a new generation of Inherently Multiscale Chemical Reactors to

meet ever more demanding environmental and efficiency requirements. This project applied the new

concept of Structured Multiscale Design which can be extended and applied to a wide spectrum of Civil

and Infrastructural Technologies and Systems.

Multiscale Science Engineering Integration implies the ability of correlating a wide range of (natural and

technological) processes and phenomena occurring over a full spectrum of space and time scales: From

Nano To Macro and From Macro To Nano. Multiscale is a set of methods which allow, for the first time, to

correlate models and analysis schemes applied, until now, in different scientific and engineering contexts

without a coherent strategy.

Multiscale Science-Engineering Integration can be considered as an Unifying Paradigm for Science

and Engineering and, more in general, as a fundamental conceptual basis to develop upon a Unified

Vision of the Research, Technology Development and Engineering Process and the Dynamics of

Complex Systems.

Multiscale Nano To Macro Engineering: From Multiscale Analysis To Multiscale Design

Key Issues:

New Hierarchical Multiscale Architectures for Systems, Components, Devices, Materials

New Hierarchical Multiscale Monitoring and Control Systems For Natural, Societal and

Industrial Systems


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Integrated Multiscale Strategy for Green Chemical Engineering

The following text and figures are drawn from the article Managing complex systems: some trends for the

future of chemical and process engineering by J.C. Charpentier a; T.F. McKenna, Chemical Engineering

Science 59 (2004) 1617 1640,

In todays economy, chemical engineering must respond to the changing needs of the chemical processindustry in order to meet market demands. The evolution of chemical engineering is necessary to remain

competitive in global trade. The ability of chemical engineering to cope with managing complex systems met

in scienti5c and technological problems is addressed in this paper. Chemical engineering is vital for

sustainability: to satisfy both the market requirements for speci5c end-use properties of products and the

social and environmental constraints of industrial-scale processes. An integrated system approach of

complex multidisciplinary, non-linear, non-equilibrium processes and phenomena occurring on di9erent

length and time scales is required. This will be obtained due to breakthroughs in molecular modelling,

scienti5c instrumentation and related signal processing and powerful computational tools. The future of

chemical engineering can be summarized by four main objectives:

Increase productivity and selectivity through intensi5cation of intelligent operations and a multiscale

approach to process control; Design novel equipment based on scienti5c principles and new production methods: process

intensi5cation;

Extend chemical engineering methodology to product design and engineering using the triplet 3PEmolecular Processes-Product-Process Engineering approach;

Implement multiscale application of computational chemical engineering modelling and simulation toreal-life situations from the molecular scale to the production scale.

In the Chemical supply chain, it should be emphasized that product quality is determined at the micro and

nano level and that a product with a desired property must be investigated for both structure and function. An

understanding of the structure/property relationship at the molecular (e.g. surface physics and chemistry) and

microscopic level is required. The key to success is to obtain the desired end-use properties of a product, and

thus control product quality, by controlling complexity in the microstructure formation. This will help tomake the leap from the nano level to the process level. Moreover most of chemical processes are non-linear

and non-equilibrium, belonging to the so-called complex systems for which multi-scale structure is the

common nature So an integrated system approach for a multidisciplinary and multiscale modelling of

complex, simultaneous, and often coupled momentum, heat and mass transfer processes is required


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Different time scales (1015108 s) from femto and picoseconds for the motion of atoms in a molecule

during a chemical reaction, nanoseconds for molecular vibrations, hours for operating industrial processes,

and centuries for the destruction of pollutants in the environment.

Different length scales (108106 m) are used in industrial practice and are shown in Fig. 2 (Charpentier,

2002). Nanoscale measurements are used for molecular kinetic processes; microscale is used for bubbles,

droplets, particles, and eddies; mesoscale is used for unit operations dealing with reactors, exchangers, and

columns; macroscale is used for production units such as plants, and petrochemical complexes; and

megascale is used for measurements involving the environment, atmosphere, oceans and soils e.g., thousands

of kilometers for the dispersion of emissions into the atmosphere.

Through the interplay of molecular theory, simulation, and experimental measurements a better quantitative

understanding of structure-property relations evolves, which, when coupled with macroscopic chemical

engineering science, can form the basis for new materials and process design.


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Multiscale Science Based Concepts and Methods can be applied to transition from Green Chemistry and

Engineering to a Green Society (Environmental, Civil, Infrastructural and Industrial Systems) as the

following figures highlight. Green Chemistry, Green Engineering and Frameworks like the Integrated

Multiscale Science Engineering Technology, Systems and Processes (IMSE-TSPD) Frameworks are

important prerequisites to carry out this transition in the real world.

Note: Figures are drawn from the article Multi-scale Approaches toward Sustainable Development, The

Chinese Journal of Process Engineering Vol. 5 No 4 August 2005, BI Hsiao-tao (

)1, JIN

Yong( )2 -(1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia,

Vancouver, Canada;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Integrated Multiscale approach toward Sustainable Development

Relationships among Pollution Prevention, Cleaner Production and Green Engineering


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Tools Principles and Pathways leading to clean technology and sustainable society

Waste Management Hierarchy


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3.2 Architecture

Main Elements of the Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Technology, Systems and Processes

Development (IMSE-TSPD)Framework are

Computer Aided R&D and Engineering (CARDE) Framework implementing the Integrated Multiscale

Science Engineering Framework to design new technologies, materials, devices, components, plants

and processes

Computer Aided System (Systems of Systems) Analysis and Design (CASAD) (Multiscale SystemsEngineering) Framework implementing the Multiscale Science Engineering Framework to analyze

and design Civil and Infrastructural Systems and Systems of Systems. This Framework takes full

advantage of the multiscale science based knowledge about physical and bio-chemical phenomena and

processes acquired by the previously quoted Framework. This knowledge is integrated inside Multiscale

Systems Engineering/Processing analytical, computational, experimental, testing and sensing models and

methods

Innovative Technology and System Development Analysis and Planning Framework or Virtual Multi

Space and Time Scale R&D and Engineering MachineThis specific Frameworks allow us to modeland simulate the whole Technology and Systems Development and Implementation Process (CARDE

and CASAD) for any kind of Civil and Infrastructural Systems applying the Multiscale Science

Engineering Integration as Unifying Paradigm for Science and Engineering concept. The Framework

enables to analyze what Technological and Engineering advances and innovative solutions can be

achieved thanks to Scientific progress (bottom up approach) and what scientific and/or basic

technological advances are needed to meet engineering requirements (top down approach) The

approaches can be interactively and iteratively combined. Several different scenarios can be taken into

account and evaluated (What if Strategy)

Multiscale Science Engineering Knowledge Integrator and Multiplier Computing, Information andCommunication Infrastructural Framework. The New CIC Infrastructural Framework is based upon

the new central concept of Multiscale Multidisciplinary Modeling and Simulation as Knowledge

Integrators and Multipliers and Unifying Paradigm for the full spectrum of Scientific and Engineering

(analytical, experimental, testing, sensing) Methodologies. A two way partnership among the new

envisaged Computational Centers and Experimental, Testing and Sensing Centers, Systems and

Facilities is a distinguishing feature of this new vision.


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Multiscale Multidisciplinary Science EngineeringCyber Extended Enterprise

The classical Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) Framework is linked to the

Extended Enterprise concept. The Strategic Multiscale Framework,, proposed in this document, can be

related to a new industrial, economic and societal scenario and context which can be calledMultiscale Multidisciplinary Science Engineering Cyber Extended Enterprise.

Multiscale Multidisciplinary Science-Engineering means that Integrated Multiscale Science-Engineering Frameworks shape R&D and Engineering, Planning, Operation and Management

activities and that Civil, Industrial, Environmental and Societal Infrastructures are organized

applying Integrated Multiscale Hierarchical Nano To Macro Engineering Architectures

Extended Enterprise means that the Strategic Multiscale Framework shapes a new University Research Industry Society Cooperative Environment. This new kind of Cooperation

Contexts enables researchers, designers, public and private managers and politicians to synthesize a

wide spectrum of different resources, methods and operational schemes and define comprehensive

strategies to meet common objectives and goals. Multiscale Frameworks can be instrumental to

improve correlation between operational requirements, engineering requirements and technologicaland scientific advances promoting accelerating in such a way technological and engineering

innovation

Cyber means that the Multiscale Science-Based Enterprise concept is implemented overMultiscale Science Engineering Knowledge Integrators and Multipliers Cyberinfrastructural

Environments (on line integrated connection among Computational, Experimental, Testing,

Sensing and Theoretical Centers and Facilities)

Fig. 4 (from US Department of Energy) Multiscale Multidisciplinary Science Engineering R&D,

Engineering and Computing Infrastructures which represent a key component of the Multiscale Science

Engineering Cyber Extended Enterprise.


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3.3 Computer Aided R&D and Engineering (CARDE) Framework

CARDEP implements the Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Theoretical and Methodological

Framework. Key Elements and Environments:

Multiscale Science Engineering Data, Information and Knowledge Analysis and Management

Systems

Multiscale Multiphysics Computer Aided Design (CAD) Systems based upon MultiresolutionMultiscale Maps

Multiscale Maps of Monitoring and Control Systems

Methodologically Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Strategy Environments forTechnology, Materials, Devices, Components, Plants and Processes Development and Design

Multiscale Manufacturing and Processes Analysis and Design Environments

Application Specific Modules (Life Cycle, Safety & Security, Environmental Impact,)

Multiscale Visualization Modules

Software Environments run over Multiscale Knowledge Integrator and Multiplier Cyberinfrastructural

[Computing, Information and Communication (CIC)] Environments


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Multiscale Nano To Macro System Design

As already highlighted, today, it begins to be possible to analyze and predict the dynamics of

systems at multiple scales, the next step is to use Integrated Multiscale Science - EngineeringStrategies to design complex hierarchical systems at multiple levels and scales. That means

being able to design systems in such a way that multiple structures at different levels and scales

cooperate to produce an increasingly wider spectrum of properties and functions and higher

performance levels.

Designing Complex Systems at multiple levels and scales (Multiscale Nano To Macro System

Design) means increasing design freedom, i.e., achieving a greater flexibility in configuring

systems to achieve performance and a spectrum of properties and functionalities that were not

possible before.

Multiscale Science Based Nano To Macro System Design is a fundamental asset to design

Systems able to meet an increasingly tight of requirements (resilience, sustainability, energy

efficiency,..)

This new R&D and Engineering Field is a key issue to take full advantage of Nanoscience,

Nanotechnology and Nanomanufacturing Potentialities

This Figure, from MIT, clearly illustrates the Multiscale System Design Concept. This Concept

and Design Strategy allows to better meet with a widening spectrum of tighter and tighter

Requirements (Environmental Compliance, Efficiency, Safety, Security, Operational

Flexibility,) by increasing Functionalities, Design Parameters and related Solutions,

Architectures and Process variables.


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The following box illustrates an interesting example of a Multiscale Multidisciplinary Science Based Green

Chemistry approach to the production of chemical, materials and fuels from renewable natural resources.

Novel plastics and Textiles from waste with the use of microbes

New biotechnological and chemical methods will facilitate efficient production of chemicals, materials

and fuels from renewable natural resources. The Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence (CoE) in

White Biotechnology - Green Chemistry Research focuses on the research and development of

microbial cells, or cell factories, for producing new useful compounds from sugars in plant biomass.

These compounds can be used, for example, for manufacturing bioplastics or in medical applications.

"By means of gene technology, we can modify microbial metabolism and thereby produce organic

acids for a wide range of industrial applications. They can be used, among other things, for

manufacturing new plastic and textile materials, or packaging technologies," explains Merja Penttil,

Research Professor and Director of the Centre of Excellence from VTT Technical Research Centre of

Finland. New methods play a key role when various industries are developing environmentally

friendly and energy-efficient production processes. Use of renewable natural resources, such asagricultural or industrial waste materials, to replace oil-based raw materials will make industries less

dependent of fossil raw materials and, consequently, reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the

atmosphere. The CoE also develops highly sensitive measuring methods and investigates microbial

cell functions at molecular level. "We need this information to be able to develop efficient

bioprocesses for the future. For instance, we build up new micro- and nanoscale instruments for

measuring and controlling microbial productivity in bioreactors during production."

Alternatives for oilThe metabolism of microbes is modified so that they will convert plant biomass sugars into sugar acids

and their derivatives. These compounds can potentially serve as raw materials for new types of

polyesters, whose properties - such as water solubility and extremely rapid degradation into natural

substances - can be used, for example, in medicine. By modifying sugar acids, it is also possible toproduce compounds that may replace oil-based aromatic acids in the manufacture of thermosetting

plastics and textiles. "Sugar acids can be used to produce biodegradable technical plastics, including

polyamides, or functional components that increase the ability of cellulose to absorb water. Novel

materials could replace the currently available non-biodegradable absorbent components in hygiene

products. Sugar acids are also a source of hydroxy acids, such as glycolic acid, whose oxygen-barrier

properties make it suitable for food packaging," explains Professor Ali Harlin, the head of the CoE

Green Chemistry team. In order to be able to replace, in the future, industrial production that is based

on petrochemicals with new production processes based on waste biomass, such new processes must

be extremely efficient. "A major challenge is how make the production organisms used in

bioprocesses, that is, the microbes, to utilize the sugars of the biomass and to convert them into desired

compounds in the most effective manner. This development work calls for multidisciplinary

competence ranging from biosciences to engineering."


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Multiscale Structures and MaterialsDesign of Multiscale Hierarchical Structures and Materials has already become a real possibilities. Two

examples which synthetically illustrate the new scenario:

Materiomics: Multiscale Bio - Materials and Structural Engineering MIT Vision

A New Generation of Multiscale Nano Structured Cement Materials


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Multiscale Nano Engineered Concrete Materials


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3.4 Computer Aided Design of Systems (CADS) Framework

3.4.1 IntroductionMultiscale Science Engineering Integration allows to define a New Strategy which links together

Research, Technology Development, Engineering, Operations, Planning and Decision Making.

Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Models and Frameworks fill the gap between scientific models

and models applied in the Planning and Decision Making activities. The following figure (Sandia National

Labs) illustrates the overall schemes for the new generation of Integrated Cooperative Environments

connecting in a structural way Science Engineering Politics Administrative Entities and Society

Fig. 5 Integrated Science Engineering Planning & Decision Making Cooperative Environment


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European Institute of Technology (EIT)

The relevance of Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Integrated Strategies to design and implement Smart

Cities is highlighted in the following slide from European Institute of Technology

The Multiscale Science Based Framework and its Cyberinfrastructure represent a valuable context where

new fundamental concepts: Smart City Smart Energy Smart Health can be developed andapplied. Integrated Multiscale Frameworks are also a key asset to integrate the three concepts inside a global

coherent project which take into account the full spectrum of relationships and interdependencies.


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3.4. 2 Architecture and Functionalities

This applies Technologies, Materials, Devices, Components and Processes developed and designed in the

thanks to the Computer Aided Multiscale R&D and Engineering Framework. The Framework takes full

advantage of the Integrated Multiscale Science Engineering Theoretical and Methodological Framework.

Key Elements:

Multiscale Science Engineering Data, Information and Knowledge Analysis and ManagementSystems

Multiscale Multiresolution Geographical Information Systems

Multiscale Multiresolution Operational Simulations Module

Multiscale Multiphysics Computer Aided Design (CAD) Systems (based upon Architectural andFunctional Maps)

Multiscale Multiresolution Monitoring and Control Maps

Integrated Hierarchical Multiscale Science Engineering Analyses

Multiscale Monitoring and Control Analysis and Design Module

Multiscale Testing

Application Specific Modules (Life Cycle, Safety & Security, Environmental Impact, HumansBehaviour, Operations, Maintenance)

Multiscale Visualization Modules

Software Environments run over Multiscale Knowledge Integrator and Multiplier Cyberinfrastructural

[Computing, Information and Communication (CIC)] Environments

Application Modules can be integrated for specific Analysis and Design purposes in the following ways:

Application Area (Land Management, Energy, Water, Transportation, Air Quality, Waste,..)

Space (Local (City for instance), Regional, National, Continental, World) and Time (Short, Medium,

Long Term) Context

Analysis Area ( Safety & Security, Life Cycle, Extreme Events, Environmental, Health Impact, Energy

Efficiency,)

Application Modules can be integrated in several ways according to the needs.


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The following boxes illustrate two examples of new Multiscale Monitoring and Control

Strategies and Infrastructures for Civil and Infrastructural Systems

A New Way to Monitoring and Control Civil and Infrastructural Systems

Multiscale Computing, Information and Communication SystemsComputing Information and Communication (CIC) Systems and Infrastructures which play a

fundamental role for the Monitoring and Control of any kind of Civil and Infrastructural Systems are

increasingly regarded as inherently Multiscale Systems. In fact CIC Systems are becoming Networks

of Distributed Sensors, Controllers, Actuators, Communication, Data Management, Computing,

Visualization Devices and Systems working over a full spectrum of space and time scales.

This scenario is offering interesting opportunities to Society, but, at the same time, poses significant

problems and challenges due to the ever increasing System Complexity Levels. New Analysis, Design

and Control strategies, methods and frameworks are called for.

New Projects to deal with these issues are designed. An interesting example of this trend and a

noteworthy application of the Multiscale System Design Concept and Method to the Computing

Information and Communication (CIC) fields comes from the MuSyC Center briefly described in thenext page.


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The Multi-Scale Systems Center (MuSyC)A FCRP Multi-University Research Center on Multi-Scale Systems

Participating Academic Institutions: University of California, Berkeley, California Institute of

Technology; North Carolina State University; Rice University; University of Maryland; Stanford

University; University of California, San Diego; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; University of

Michigan; University of Southern California. MuSyC addresses the conception, implementation, validation

and management of distributed information-technology systems that have important features at multiple

scales which could be spatial, temporal, functional, or technological. Linking between scales and taming

complexity are the main challenges to be addressed.

The information-technology platform is being radically transformed as we speak. A new generation of

applications is emerging that are destined to run in distributed form on a platform that meshes high

performance

compute clusters with broad classes of mobiles, surrounded in turn by even larger swarms of sensors. Thebroad majority of these new applications can be classified as distributed sense and control systems that go

substantially beyond the compute or communicate functions traditionally associated with information-

technology. They have the potential to radically influence how we deal with a broad range of crucial

problems facing our society today: power delivery in emerging micro-grids, emergency response to natural

and man-made disasters, wireless healthcare with individualized monitoring, national infrastructural

monitoring and adaptation, detection of anomalous events and behaviors in physical or cyberspace for

security, or real-time situational awareness on the battlefield, etc. In fact, the opportunities are limited only

by our imagination.

These applications often engage all platform components simultaneously in a closed loop data gathered in

the sensory swarm may migrate via a hierarchy of feature extraction functions running on mobiles to

sophisticated control services executed on the cloud of large-scale servers. They also span many scales

they combine the very large with the very small, and the very fast with the very slow, and consist ofcomplex hierarchies of heterogeneous functionalities integrated on a broad range of technologies from the

macro- to the nano-scale leading to ever-more complex systems. Complexity arises from the integration a

large number of strongly interacting heterogeneous components within tight constraints on energy,

reliability and availability.


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Multiscale Civil and Infrastructural Systems Engineering Framework takes full advantage of technology

innovations developed thanks to the previously described CARDE Framework..

Civil and Infrastructural Systems can be regarded as Networks of a wide range of Interlinked Systems

(System of Systems), Sub Systems, Components, Devices, Structures and Materials working over a full

spectrum of space and time scales Interdependencies among these Elements characterize and rule thedynamics of Complex Civil and Infrastructural Systems for nominal and off nominal operating conditions.

Interdependencies determine a new spectrum of operational modes (referred to as emergent behaviour)

which is inherently multiresolution and multiscale. Analysis and Design of Civil and Infrastructural Systems

Dynamics cannot be carried out by analyzing and designing in isolation single elements constituting this

kind of Systems. For these reasons Multiscale Multiresolution Systems Engineering has become a key issue

for Civil and Infrastructural Engineering. That is even more true when off nominal and accident conditions

occur.

The systems, sub-systems, facilities, components and devices that comprise these infrastructures are

sophisticated, complex, and highly interdependent. They are comprised of physical, human, and cyber assets,

and have evolved over time to be economical and efficient systems. The increasing interconnections and

complexity of these systems, subject to natural hazards, coupled with the new threat environment, have

created the need for a focus on interdependencies and the consequences they propagate.

The objective of this kind of Integrated Frameworks is to support the design, preparedness and protection of

Civil and Infrastructural Systems by providing analyses of the technical, economic, and security

implications of the loss or disruption of these Critical Infrastructures, and assist in the understanding of

infrastructure protection, mitigation, response, and recovery options.

To do this, it is necessary to first understand the infrastructures performance under unusual

conditions, the effects of interdependencies, and the dynamics of their interconnections.

The System Engineering Issue deserves a special attention also in the light of the future development of a

new generation of inherently Multiscale

Documents

Integrated Multi Scale Civil and Infrastrctural Systems Analysis and Design White Book