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3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 1
The TEQUILA ProjectIntegrated IP QoS Architectures based
on Bandwidth Brokerage
www.ist-tequila.org/ [email protected]
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 2
Tequila consortium
• Industrial Partners– Alcatel, Belgium– Algosystems S.A., Greece– France Telecom-R&D, France – Global Crossing, UK
• Universities– UCL - University College London, UK– NTUA - National Technical University Athens, Greece– UniS - The University of Surrey, UK
• Research Institutes– IMEC, Belgium– TERENA, Netherlands
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 3
Outline
• Introduction: The TEQUILA project• Part 1: Static IP Bandwidth Brokers• Part 2: TEQUILA Bandwidth Brokers• Part 3: Service Level Specifications• Part 4: IP QoS for Next Generation Networks
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 4
Introduction: Tequila objectives
• Develop architectures, algorithms and protocols for enabling negotiation, monitoring and enforcement of Service Level Specifications (SLS) between customer/ISP and ISP/ISP
• Develop a functional model of co-operating components, algorithms and protocols offering a intra-domain traffic engineering solution for meeting the contracted SLSs
• Develop a scaleable approach for inter-domain SLS negotiation and QoS-based routing for enforcing E2E QoS across the internet”
• Validate the Models & Contribute to standardization
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 5
Introduction: Tequila assumptionsEnterpriseNetwork
TEQUILA system
Host ApplicationRSVP Path/Resv
VPN/LL Manager
H.323 GK
Host Application
SIP server/proxy SLS
SLSSLS
• Public IP-based, DiffServ (PHB)-enabled Network• IPv4, Unicast• SLS describes the traffic characteristics of IP services & the QoS
guarantees offered by the network
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 6
Part 1Static IP Bandwidth Brokers
Preview: Off-line, Centralised Architectures (only)
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 7
IP Bandwidth Broker
• BB-functionality– Service Subscription Manager
• SLA/SLS handling– Resource Manager
• reservation & admission control, traffic engineering– Network Configuration manager
• enforce QoS, control QoS network building blocks
• Alcatel BB-development phase 1: Assumptions– Intra-domain only– long-lived services only: LLs, VPNs– Complete Centralised BB-architecture
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 8
Bandwidth Brokers in action - VPNs(Preview)
Autonomous System
SLSSubscription
IP Bandwidth Broker
Traffic Engineering
SLSSubscription
VPN Manager
SLS
CPE
Policy - configuration
CPE
Customer Premises AS Core Router AS Edge Router
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 9
Bandwidth Brokers in action - NGNs(preview)
IP
Megaco
Trunking GatewayMedia gateway
CLI, SNMP, COPS
SLS Interface
IP Bandwidth Broker
DiffServ Edge router- Traffic Conditioning- PHB (EF)
Static DiffServ PipeVirtual Wire
SS7
Signaling Gatewaycall signaling & control
ISUP/Sigtran
SS7
ISDN
PSTN
ISDN
PSTN
Media Gateway Controller
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 10
Off-line Centralised BBs
SLA Admission Control
Service SubscriptionSLA Manager
Service AssuranceSLA Monitoring
Network Monitoring
Service Management
Resource ManagementTraffic
Engineering
Network ManagementPolicy
Repository
Network Configuration
CLI, SNMP, COPS SNMP-MIBs, COPS-PIBs
Statistics Collector
SLA
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 11
Main Issues of this BB Solution
• Static Solution Only !– Long-lived services – Traffic fluctuations & “call”-handling
• Service Interface ?– Service definition– Service Negotiation
• Service & Resource Interworking ?– Customer awareness– Class of Service & service aggregation– scalability
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 12
Part 2 TEQUILA Bandwidth Brokers
An integrated architecture for providing value-added IP services
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 13
Tequila Subsystems
Service descriptionthrough SLS template
=> Customer awareness
Service provisioningthrough Traffic Engineering
=> QoS Class awareness
VPN/LL Manager
H.323 GK
Host Application
ServiceManagement
TrafficEngineering
Monitoring
Policy Management
Data Plane
QoSclasses
SLS
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 14
Service Management
Customer ISP
NetworkDimensioning
ServiceSubscription
ServiceInvocation
TrafficForecast
Dynamic RouteManagement
SLS-aware
TrafficConditioning
ServiceSubscription
Service Invocation
Data Transmission
“Management Plane”
“Data Plane”
“Control Plane”
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 15
Subscription & Invocation
• Service Subscription– negotiating the right to invoke transport (IP) services
• ensures the customer resource availability – between ISP-Customer
• allows the ISP to provision & dimension his network
• Service Invocation– actual negotiation for (allocating) resources
• in-band or out-of-band• explicit (e.g. by RSVP) or implicit (e.g. automatic by subscription)
– between ISP-users– may be at a later time than SLS subscription– may be a N-to-1 relation with subscription– must be in-range with SLS subscription (provider policy)
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 16
Traffic Engineering
Network Dimensioning
Dynamic Route
Management
Dynamic Resource
Management
Routing
TrafficForecast
ServiceInvocation
ServiceSubscription
QoS-class aware
NetworkPlanning
TrafficConditioning
PHB configuration
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 17
Tequila QoS Classes
• QoS class = [OA | delay | loss ]– Ordered Aggregate ~ PHB scheduling class
• EF, AFx, BE– delay
• edge-to-edge maximum delay• worst case or probabilistic (percentile)• delay classes (min-max intervals)
– loss• edge-to-edge packet loss• probability
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 18
Traffic Forecast
• TM = [pipe] [QoS class | ingr-egre | min-demand - max-demand]– minimum - maximum range interval
• allows for over-subscription (statistical multiplexing)• allows for new SLSs between two TE cycles
• E2E NC = [pipe] [QoS class | ingr-egre | min-demand - sustainable load]– sustainable load = effective (long-term) reserved capacity – calculated by Traffic Engineering algorithms
Network Dimensioning
TrafficForecast
ServiceSubscription
Edge-to-Edge Network Configuration E2E NC
Traffic Matrix - TM
SLSSubscriptions
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 19
Traffic Forecast
Forecastalgorithm
Service mappingalgorithm
SLSmonitoring
SLSsubscription
Trafficforecastmodule
over-subscriptionpolicy
QoS-class ingress min-Inmax-In {egress min-Out max-Out}
SLS load
QoS-class ingress In-demand{egress Out-demand}
Aggregationalgorithm
QoS-class ingress minIn maxIn{egress minOut maxOut }
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 20
TEQUILAFunctional Architecture
SLS management
Traffic Engineering
Data Plane
Monitoring
Policy Management
InterdomainSLS
PolicyConsumer
Pol. Mgttool
SLS Subs
SLS invoc.
TrafficForecast
DRsM
DRtM
Routing
PHBTC
ND
SLS Repos.
Network M.SLS M.
Node M.
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 21
Main Issues of this BB solution
• Internet Stakeholder Roles & Business Model– Application Service Providers, Internet Service Providers– Connectivity Providers: wholesalers & access providers
• Interworking Application & Transport Plane– Application call/session handling– Transport (IP) flow/connectivity handling
• Inter-domain End-to-End QoS– Multiple networks – Multiple technologies– Multiple stakeholders
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 22
Part 3Service Level Specifications
• Describing value-added IP connectivity services
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 23
Providing Transport ServicesDiffServ top-down view
Service Level Agreement (SLA)Transport Service
Service Level Specification (SLS)
QoS classPer Domain Behaviour (PDB)
Per Hop Behaviour (PHB)Traffic Conditioning Block
Scheduler (e.g. WFQ)Algorithmic Dropper (e.g. RED)
- Non-technical terms & conditions- technical parameters :{SLS}-set
- IP service traffic characteristics- offered network QoS guarantees
- Network QoS capabilities - DiffServ edge-to-edge aggregates
- Router QoS capabilities - DiffServ core & edge routers
- implementation
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 24
SLS - Parameters
IP Flow Descriptor
Traffic Envelope Descriptor Performance
Guarantees&
Excess Treatment
• SLS = a set of parameters making up an IP flow contract • Five basic parameter groups
Scope = (ingress, egress)
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 25
• IP Flow = stream of IP packets sharing at least one common characteristic (WHAT)
• Scope = the geographical region over which the QoS is to be enforced (WHERE)
• Traffic Envelope = set of (conformance) parameters describing HOW the packet stream should look like to get performance guarantees– => identify in- & out-of-profile packets– => Excess Treatment: drop, shape, remark
• Service Schedule: WHEN is the service available• Performance guarantees describe the transport
guarantees the network offers to the customer – => throughput, loss, delay, jitter
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 26
Flow Descriptor
• IP Flow = stream of IP packets sharing at least one common characteristic– DSCP information
• (set of) DSCP value(s) | any– Source information
• (set of) source addresses | (set of) source prefixes | any– Destination information
• (set of) destination addresses | (set of) prefixes | any– Application information
• protocol number,...
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 27
Scope
• Scope = the geographical region over which the QoS is to be enforced
• Scope = (Ingress, Egress)– Ingress : (set of) interface addresses | any– Egress : (set of) interface addresses | any
• IP-addresses | L2-link identifiers
• Scope models– Pipe or one-to-one model : (1,1)
– Hose or one-to-many|any model : (1, N| any)
– Funnel or many|any-to-one model (N|any,1)
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 28
Traffic Envelope
• Traffic Envelope = set of (conformance) parameters describing how the packet stream should look like to get performance guarantees
• Traffic Conformance testing is the set of actions allowing to identify in- & out-of-profile packets– Example: token bucket
• Excess treatment– drop | shape | remark
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 29
PerformanceGuarantees
• The performance parameters describe the transport guarantees the network offers to the customer– for the packet stream identified by Flow descriptor– over the geographical region defined by Scope
• Four (measurable) parameters– delay | optional quantile– jitter | optional quantile– packet loss– throughput
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 30
PerformanceGuarantees
• Delay & jitter– indicate the maximum packet transfer delay and delay
variation from ingress to egress• can be deterministic (worst case) or probabilistic (quantile)• guarantee for in-profile packets (only)
• Packet loss – the ratio of the lost and the sent (in-profile) packets
• sent packets at ingress• lost packets between (and including) ingress/egress
• Throughput guarantee– the packet rate measured at egress
• counting all packets identified by Flow Id
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 31
Virtual Leased LineReal-time Services
• Scope: pipe model• Flow Id: (source IP addr| destination IP addr, DSCP = EF)• Traffic Conditioning: token bucket (b, r)• Excess treatment:
– dropping– shaping -> shaping buffer is small, shaping rate = r
• Performance parameters: – packet loss p = 0– throughput guarantee R = (1-p) * token rate r => R = r– delay = 20 msec
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 32
Bandwidth Pipe
• Scope: pipe model• Flow Id: (source IP addr| destination IP addr)• Traffic Conditioning: token bucket (b, r)• Excess treatment:
– remarking (e.g. yellow/red)
• Performance parameters: – throughput guarantee R = 2 Mbps
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 33
SLS=building blocks for IP transport services
• Bi-directional services (e.g. VLLs)– bi-directional VLLs = combination of 2 SLSs
• More complex VPNs– combination of multiple hose & filter SLSs– guaranteed throughput from ingress to all egress– maximum allowed rate towards a customer side (e.g Aout)
A
B
C
D
N etwo rN etwo rk
ao u t
ain
bo u t
bin
c o u t
c in
dindo u t
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 34
IP Transport ServicesFormal Description
ServiceSubscription
ServiceInvocation
TrafficConditioning
ServiceSubscription
Service Invocation
Data Transmission
SSScustomer ISP
userSIS
dataapplication
• SSS = Service Subscription Structure• SIS = Service Invocation Structure
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 35
IP Transport ServicesFormal Description
• Service Subscription Structure– Subscriber id & credentials– Service = {SLS} set– Service Schedule (Start time, End time)– {user ids, credentials}– Invocation method (permanent | on-demand - protocol-id)– Grade of Service (blocking probability of invocations)
• Service Invocation Structure– SSS_reference handle– {user id, credential}– Service = {SLS-set}– Atomic Invocation (yes/no)
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 36
AddendumService Negotiation Protocol (SrNP)
Negotiating value-added IP services
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 37
Tequila Service ManagementEngineering Model & Protocols
SSMSSMSSM
SSMSSMBroker
SIM
RouterSIM
RouterSIM
RouterSIM
RouterSIM
RouterSIM
TFM
ND
RouterSIM
RouterSIM
User brokerSIM
Subsc.SSM SSM
Service Subscription Module
SIMService Invocation Module
out-of-bandinvocation
in-bandinvocation
SrNP
RSVP/...
SrNP, SIP,...
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 38
Service Negotiation Protocol - SrNP
ClientClient ServerServer
Proposal
Revision (guidelines)
ProposalOnHold
Proposal
AcceptToHold
AgreedProposal
SessionInit
Accept
Accept
• Client-server based• Form-fill oriented• Messaging is content-
independent• Protocol stacks
TCP/IP
HTTP,SMTP,IIOPebXMLSrNP
TCP/IP
SrNP
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 39
Part 4IP QoS for Next Generation networks
Towards an Integrated Solution for Multimedia over IP
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri
Internet Stakeholder Roles
Application Service Provider ASP
Internet Service Provider ISP
Capacity ProvidersAccess - wholesale
ASP
ISP ISP
Wholesale
Cus
tom
user
Access
er
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 41
Res
iden
ti
Applicationprovider
al C
usto
mer Logical
interface
Physical interfac
e
ISP
Accessprovider
ISP ISP
(SLS)End-to-End Service Negotiation Models
Horizontal Interactions
(SLS)
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 42
Figure 4
IP
Megaco
Trunking GatewayMedia gateway
CLI, SNMP, COPS
SLA Interface
IP Bandwidth Broker
DiffServ Edge router- Traffic Conditioning- PHB (EF)
Static DiffServ PipeVirtual Wire
SS7
Signaling Gatewaycall signaling & control
ISUP/Sigtran
SS7
ISDN
PSTN
ISDN
PSTN
Media Gateway Controller
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 43
Figure 5
ATMATM
IP
SIP
SIP Proxy
SLABandwidth Broker
Static DiffServ PipeVirtual Wire
ANT
DSLA
M
5
SIP SIP
Access: concentrationBackbone: full mesh
Topology
ANT
ATM switchANT: ADSL Network TerminationDSLAM: DSL Access MultiplexerB-RAS: Broadband Remote Access Server
multimediadevice
B-RAS
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 44
Figure 6
IP
SIP
SIP Proxy
SLABandwidth Broker
Static DiffServ PipeVirtual Wire
4
SIP Proxy - CSCF
SGSN GGSN
RNC
RNC
ATM
UMTS
Packet Data Protocol PDP
SLA
PDP
SIP
MT
CSCF: Call State Control FunctionGPRS: General Packet Radio ServiceGGSN: Gateway GPRS Support NodeSGSN: Serving GPRS Support NodeRNC: Radio Network ControllerMT: Mobile Terminal
UMTS bearerGTPIP
GTPIP
GTPIP
GTP tunnelIP
IP
GTPIP
ExternalBearer Service
Multimedia or Data ApplicationGPRS Bearer Service IP
RADIO Bearer ATM PVC IP DiffServ
3 April, 2001 TEQUILA Audit Capri 45
Figure 9
SIPSIP Proxy 1
SLA
IP
BB
DiffServ PDBVirtual Wire
4IP
BB
DiffServ PDBVirtual Wire
4IP
BB
DiffServ PDBVirtual Wire
4IP
BB
DiffServ PDBVirtual Wire
4
ISP A ISP B ISP C ISP D
SLA SLA
SLA
SIP Proxy 2
SIPSIP