1

Integrated Catchment

Management and

Social Perceptions in

the Sumner/Redcliffs

Area

GEOG309 - Research

Methods in Geography:

Final Report

Group 4: Catchment Management in

Sumner-Redcliffs

Ahmad Osama, James McCoy, James

Shapcott, Lauren Roberts & Rachel Shurrock.

2

College of Science

Department of Geography

15th October 2010

GEOG309 Project Report Disclaimer

This project report has been completed as part fulfilment of the requirements for GEOG309

Research Methods in Geography. This is an undergraduate course offered at the University of

Canterbury in New Zealand.

The intended audience for the project report is GEOG309 academic staff and Community

Group members. The report discusses the project aims, methods, key findings and

conclusions.

It is important to recognise that the report is the outcome of an undergraduate learning

experience rather than a piece of professional consultancy.

As such, the following clauses apply to the project report and its use:

(a) the project report is offered in good faith but, reflecting its origins in a student learning

exercise, no responsibility can be taken for any errors of fact or interpretation herein, nor for

any loss or damage arising from use or interpretation of the project material;

(b) the views presented are not the official position of the University of Canterbury;

(c) the project report is not intended or suitable for use as evidence in planning or other forms

of legal negotiations;

(e) the project report and its component parts are not, under any circumstances, to be

reproduced in any form for commercial gain;

(f) if paper copies of the report or its parts are made for particular purposes by the community

group for which it is intended, then a copy of this disclaimer page (or an appropriate summary

thereof) should be included with any excerpts.

University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. www.canterbury.ac.nz

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Table of Contents:

3. Executive Summary

5. Introduction

10. Method

12. Results

20. Discussion

26. Conclusion

27. Acknowledgements

28. Reference List

29. Appendix 1: Survey

33. Appendix 2: Survey qualitative data

37. Appendix 3 : Interview Transcripts

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Executive Summary

Effective resource management requires the incorporation of social sciences

into the physical. Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) aims to achieve

this.

ICM considers a river in its entirety, its interactions with the surrounding

environment, and includes the effects of human activities. Cooperation and

coordination between parties is essential.

Globally, a growing emphasis is being placed on sustainable management.

In the Sumner-Redcliffs area there is a growing desire for sustainability.

Research into the feasibility of ICM for the four small catchments in this area

was requested.

Research was driven by two questions: What is Integrated Catchment

Management? And what are the perceptions of the environment and current

management within the Sumner-Redcliffs area?

A random postal drop of 500 surveys was conducted to ascertain community

values. This was supplemented by interviews of stakeholders within the

community. Interviews were then analysed through thematic analysis.

Water quality is strongly valued and current water quality issues are

recognized by residents. Proactive action towards water quality will allow

flow on effects for the environment.

Residents are concerned about future development in the area, particularly on

the hills, as residents perceive adverse environmental effects.

Community members must be involved. Communication must be extensive

with collaboration between stakeholders and community groups. To facilitate

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this a steering group is needed. This role would be best filled by local

government.

Increasing community awareness is necessary, this can be achieved through

community education with posters and, also, with the use of programs such as

community rosters or working bees.

Time frames and a lack of resources restricted the level and method of survey

circulation as well as the number of interviews that could be performed

To initiate effective ICM future research can focus on economic and

environmental components of the catchment area.

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Introduction Historically there has been a divide between physical geography and social

sciences. This has lead to management strategies that focus on the physical

environment and a disregard of the social influences. This fragmentation between the

two disciplines has lead to the global degradation of many waterways and habitats.

(Johnson, Shrubsole and Merrin, 1996). A potential method to bridge this divide is

Integrated Catchment Management (ICM), which has been successfully used in

countries such as New Zealand, Australia, England and United States, (Edwards-

Jones, 1997). Unlike traditional management, ICM looks at a river in its entirety, its

interactions with the surrounding environment, and includes the effects of human

activities to achieve sustainable resource management. ICM looks to ultimately

resolve land and water degradation with a framework of cooperation and coordination

between all involved parties consisting of scientists, policy makers and stakeholders

in all phases from problem identification to implementation of solutions. The United

Nations recognises the importance of ―an integrated approach to the management of

river basins would link the natural resource capital of plant and animal species and

water and land with human resources, for their conservation and sustainable use‖,

(Edwards-Jones, 1997, pp 125).

There is a growing body of research on the topic of ICM and a number of case

studies have been examined in academic journals. However, many of these projects

are still in the early stages of development or implementation and the long term

benefits and outcomes of ICM has not been realised. It also appears that the divide

between the physical and social sciences has not been fully bridged. This has been

shown in some literature that has displayed a bias towards the physical environment,

7

particularly hydrology (Falkenmark, Gottschalk, Lundqvist and Wouters, 2004 ;

Bowden, Fenemore and Deans, 2004).

Figure one depicts the three broad components, the environment, the social

and economics that comprise ICM. The environment encompasses the ecosystem,

hydrology, vegetation, climate, biodiversity and geology. These physical factors build

the basis of a catchment area. The social component exists within the environment

and refers to the makeup of society and its relationship with the environment. This

includes people and their perceptions, the community, local and national government,

culture and the built environment. An important aspect of society is the economy,

which can determine how land is used and influences community structure. Economic

activities include agriculture, industry, fisheries and tertiary businesses. Economy

relies on society functioning and both of these rely on environmental well-being. With

global, national and local influences incorporated, a sustainable and resilient outcome

can be achieved. Holistic intelligence and the connection of all relevant internal and

external aspects are important in achieving sustainable catchment area usage.

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Figure 1: Diagram of Integrated Catchment Management and all of its components.

ICM requires input of stakeholders, scientists and policy makers. The different

viewpoints of these parties must be considered when developing and implementing an

ICM plan. Stakeholders can come from a variety of backgrounds and positions with a

diverse range of opinions and may include local residents, farmers, business owners,

community and recreational groups, conservation bodies and cultural groups. To

enable planning to commence, stakeholders within the catchment must be identified

and formally recognised. Once stakeholders have been recognised the initial analysis

of the issues within the catchment area can be identified. This will help to develop

plans and goals to resolve these issues and contribute to a long term catchment plan,

(Edwards-Jones, 1997). ―The product of ICM includes community developed

principles or guidelines to meet agreed objectives‖ (Mitchell & Hollock, 1993, pp

738).

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The importance of sustainable management and the involvement of

stakeholders have been recognised in New Zealand. In an attempt to address these

concerns, ICM plans have been implemented in some areas such as the Taieri

catchment and the Motueka River-Tasman Bay projects. These projects have had a

strong emphasis on stakeholder consultation and involvement. Bowden, Fenmor and

Deans (2004, pp 311) state that ― the goal of the Motueka Integrated Catchment

Management (ICM) Programme is to develop integrated, multidisciplinary research

approaches to address water resource management issues defined by strong

stakeholder consultation‖ . The Taieri catchment had similar objectives with a focus

on community communication, education and coordination. (Tyson. Panelli, and

Robertson, 2005). These plans so far have had short term success which has increased

interest in ICM, including the Christchurch City Council. Due to the planning and

priority placed on certain catchments, ICM has been slow to develop in some areas as

they have been awarded lower priority status (CCC, 2009). This has been the case for

the Sumner- Redcliffs area, where some residents desire a shift towards greater

sustainability. As shown in Figure 2, the Sumner-Redcliffs townships are located

within the area of four small catchments. These catchments include the hills down to

the coast and feature a diverse range of land uses, with the majority being urban. The

information present at this small, local scale is limited. There are a number of

environmentally focused groups, including the Sumner- Redcliffs Transition Group,

within the area. The overall goal of the Sumner- Redcliffs Transition Group is to

create a more self sufficient community which is interconnected with the idea of

sustainability.

The Sumner – Redcliffs Transition Group approached the University of

Canterbury with the request for research on the feasibility of ICM within the four

10

Sumner- Redcliffs catchments. This research will contribute to an information

database and help in the long-term goal of having programmes in place to facilitate

sustainable resource management. The goals of the Sumner- Redcliffs Transition

Group were considered in the formulation of the research question. The aims of the

research project were:

What is Integrated Catchment Management? And what are the

perceptions of the environment and current management within the

Sumner-Redcliffs area?

First it was necessary to define the concept of ICM and the processes that it

entails. The concept of ICM embraces the social, economic and environmental fields

while bringing attention to specific areas that are important to the implementation

such as indicators, policy and stakeholders. From the review of the literature it was

evident that the applicability of ICM requires the inclusion of the local community.

This helped refine the second stage of research development which focused around

the people living in the area, their values and perceptions of the environment and

current management.

Having explained the principles of ICM above, this report will describe the

methods used in this research project with the results displayed in the following

section. Results are separated into survey and interview data, which is then combined

in the discussion to examine overall trends with some reference to scientific literature.

Finally recommendations for the development of ICM and future research are

detailed.

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Figure 2: Aerial photograph of Sumner/Redcliffs catchment area. (Christchurch City

Council, 2010)

Method

A consultation with the commissioner of the project defined the authors‘ role

to be research and the recommendation of possible changes within the catchment area.

There were two main elements of ICM that the Sumner- Redcliffs Transition Group

was interested in, which were also used to help create the research question. The first

was a definition of ICM which was composed of peer reviewed literature and case

studies of implementation within New Zealand and overseas. The second element was

how ICM could relate to the local area. An understanding of the community values,

their perception of the catchment area and what they would like it to be in the future,

was essential to determine how ICM could relate and operate in the local area. To

garner this information the research team decided on a selection of methods that

involved a random postal drop of 500 surveys to residents to gain a broad

understanding of values within the community. Surveys were used in number of ICM

12

studies including the Edward-Jones (1997), Bowden et al (2004) and Tyson et al

(2005). The survey was reviewed by a supervisor within Canterbury University,

incorporated a map of the catchment area, a simplified definition of ICM and a

contact email address if they wanted to know the results of the survey or had any

questions. Excel was used for quantitative data analysis to determine any trends in the

data and to graph the results. A focus group was going to be used to gain an in depth

appreciation of some of the factors that influence local perspectives, however due to a

7.1 earthquake in Christchurch a focus group was not a viable option. Instead to

supplement the survey four interviews were planned with stakeholders within the

community, such as a local eco-developer and resident. Literature indicated that

conducting interviews was an appropriate method to determine community values

(Mitchell and Hollock, 1993). This was to try to gain an in depth understanding of the

needs, values, cultural and practical implications of ICM within their catchment.

Interviews and surveys have been used in ICM research to explore issues and

perceptions of the local catchment in depth and in context, (Marshall, Blackstock, and

Dunglinson, 2010). An inductive approach was necessary for analysing the interview

data, so a method based on the thematic analysis was selected. Thematic analysis is

highly flexible and more accessible than methods such as discourse analysis. It is an

ideal method for those with little experience with qualitative research (Victoria,

2006). An understanding of the community was then obtained using the survey and

the interviews. The principles developed in the literature were then able to be

contextualized within the bounds of our research.

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Results

Survey Results

An integral part of our research process was surveys, which allowed us to ascertain

the community perspective. The response rate was 11.6 percent (58/500) which

corresponded with the response rate in the ICM investigation in TAIERI (Tyson, et al,

2005). As shown by Fig. 3, the majority of the survey respondents were over the age

of 65 (47 %), with the next most significant being 46-55 age group (17%) with few

respondents from the 26-35 age bracket (5%). There were no respondents under the

age of 15. The age spread of the respondents was consistent with the overall

demographics of Canterbury (Census, 2006).

Figure 3: Age of survey respondents from Sumner-Redcliffs area.

Most respondents where either home owners (39 people) or retired (24 people) as

shown in Fig. 4. There was also considerable diversity in residency lengths of

respondents.

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Figure 4: The situation of survey respondents in the sumner-Redcliffs area.

The results indicated that the community valued and was aware of water quality. It

was consistently ranked as the most important environmental aspect in the

catchments. This was closely followed by drainage, biodiversity, plantings and

physical appearance respectively (Fig. 5). Despite these factors, the community was

not especially aware of their personal impact on the environment (Fig. 6).

Figure 5: Survey respondents value of Sumner-Redcliffs catchment elements

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Figure 6: Respondents perception of the effect of their daily activities on the Sumner-

Redcliffs catchment area (1 being poor and 10 being good).

Through the analysis of community perceptions of economic development it was

recognized that the community was in favor of minimal development (Fig. 7). If

development was to occur the residents would prefer tourism, retail and property

respectively. Manufacturing was ranked the least desirable in all the surveys.

Figure 7: Preffered type of future growth in the Sumner-Redcliffs area by survey

respondents (5 being the most desired, 1 being the least)..

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There was a bi-modal trend in participants‘ perception of the current waterway

management. Overall, this was ranked as above average (Figure 8).

Figure 8: Perception of current waterway management in the Sumner-Redcliffs area

by survey respondents (1 being poor and 10 being good).

This outcome was supported by the results in Figs. 9 & 10 of environmental health

and storm water quality respectively. In contrast, community perception of stream

water quality was neutral (Fig. 11)

Figure 9: Perception of environmental health in the Sumner-Redcliffs area by survey

respondents (1 being poor, 10 being good).

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Figure 10: Perception of storm water quality in the Sumner-Redcliffs area by survey

respondents (1 being poor and 10 being good).

Figure 11: Perception of stream water quality in the Sumner-Redcliffs area by survey

respondents (1 being poor and 10 being good).

Survey respondents believe that local government should be responsible for the

implementation of management plans, with input from committees, (Fig. 12).

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Figure 12: Who survey respondents believe should be responsible for the

implementation of ICM.

The results (Fig. 14) indicate that the community is keen to participate in ICM. Many

were keen on receiving information as well as giving feedback. There was also

interest in participating in community workdays, but less in attendance of committee

meetings and decision making.

Figure 13: Desired Participation level of Survey Respondents.

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Interview Results

Figure 14: Thematic map created from thematic analysis of interviews to show

common themes.

Through the process of the interviews it was evident that residents shared

many of the same concerns, as shown in Fig. 14. Respondents expressed their concern

with the state of the environment, particularly in regards to water quality. The

majority of the respondents stated that the management of the area was not very

effective, leading to the degradation of the waterways. There was a common desire

for higher water standards, with two wanting water quality to be high enough to safely

harvest kai-moana.

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Another common theme was stronger controls over development, with the

ideas to reduce erosion and runoff. The respondents were especially concerned with

property development on the hills. Respondent One stated that future development

may need to be restricted in order to minimize catchment problems.

Most respondents stated that native and riparian plantings could mitigate the effects of

development and would improve biodiversity. Respondent Two believed that the

current planting scheme in place by the CCC was ineffective due to poor

maintenance.

The respondents expressed a desire to be involved in the management of the

catchment areas, in liaison with the CCC. The interviews showed that the respondents

were of the opinion that the CCC should take leadership in implementing community

activities in the early stages of ICM. Respondent Four stated that if the CCC

organised such initiatives, then the community would be highly likely to participate.

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Discussion

The majority of survey respondents were over the age of 65 (fig 3) and the

results show that 41% of survey respondents are retired, (fig 4). This demographic

would have valuable knowledge on the changing social, economic and environmental

dynamics due to over 65 years of life experience. It could be presumed that retired

members of society have more time for community involvement. There were no

respondents under the age of 15 and few under the age of 25, (fig 3). This could be a

result of the complexity of the survey and limited appeal to the younger age group.

The administration technique of the survey distribution meant that only one

respondent of a multi-resident household could reply, as it was not stated that

additional copies could be requested. This could have resulted in a bias towards home

owners, (fig 4).

The results of the survey and the interviews showed that the residents strongly

valued water quality as an important feature of the catchment area. It is expected that

residents will have a focus on water quality and if proactive actions are taken to

restore stream health there could be flow on effects that are beneficial to the overall

environment. Through the holistic approach of ICM these positive externalities could

be maximised. This view could be due to the highly visible nature of current water

quality issues such as sea lettuce, contaminated shellfish and beaches/waterways

being sporadically unsafe for recreational purposes. This is expressed in a survey

response when asked about the environmental issues the participants can see, ―The

estuary and sewage smells in summer [and there is also] the sea lettuce on Sumner

beach in summer‖.

When looking at the results for future growth within the catchment, the

preferred option was minimal development, due to the concerns with environmental

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effects of development, (fig 7). ―Developments [are] being constructed in a careless

way for the environment, [with] earthworks on the hill sides being very damaging

resulting in silting of the bay‖, (Eco-developer, 2010). This statement reflects a

general theme that occurred throughout the research process. The community felt that

development, particularly on the hills, adversely affected the health of the

environment. (Interview Results community concerns). In accordance, manufacturing

was ranked last in every survey and literature suggests that the externalities of

manufacturing would not correspond to the community‘s environmental values.

Manufacturing land use can cause severe water quality issues, which would decrease

recreational value, (Edwards-Jones, 1997).

Despite residents stating that they were satisfied with current management,

their perception of water quality was poor. If current management was proficient, then

stream water quality would be rated higher than the data displayed (Fig 10). This is

indicative of ineffective management. Therefore, the implementation of an ICM plan

could be beneficial to this area.

With the community‘s desire to be involved and informed, the adoption of

ICM could provide benefits and insights to the catchment area. Local residents are

one of the greatest influences on the catchment area for their needs and desires

directly affect the landscape and environment through land use, infrastructure and

habit. The European Union have developed the Water Framework Directive which is,

―based on the principals of ‗integrated planning ‘ and ‗public participation‘ placing

new emphasis on the consideration of socio-economic systems in parallel to

environmental systems, (Macleod, 2007). ICM recognises that the community is a

key stakeholder whose opinions and values must be considered due to their vested

interests, which includes social factors.‖ People that live in the area should play a part

23

in what is happening in their back yards, and around the local area‖ (Respondent

Three, 2010). In relation to the study area, many of the residents have lived in the area

for over 17 years, so are well aware of the ongoing changes occurring.

Marshall, Blackstock and Dunglinson (2010) emphasize the importance of

communication and the sharing of relevant information between stakeholders,

communities and steering groups for successful ICM. Community groups should

collaborate in recognition of the interactions and influences that occur through each

organisation‘s objectives. It would be recommended that the steering group, who

would facilitate this collaboration, is the Christchurch City Council and ECan, (fig.

12) who would be responsible for ICM). A similar structure has been successful for

implementing ICM in Northern Australia, (fig. 15).This model illustrates how

information flow and discussion would take place and translate to community

empowerment. This shows how ICM develops formal avenues in which to voice

concerns and includes stakeholders in the decision making and implementation

process. ―It depends on how they [the community] is organised, they could be fully

involved I think‖, (Respondent Two, 2010). This necessitates the establishment of an

organisation which would represent the residents‘ values and vision of their

community‘s future. This vision and the values would translate from ideas lacking in

substance to tangible results.

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Figure 15: Links between catchment care groups, committees and community

(Johnson, 1996)

Through analysis and review of the data there are many strategies that can be

suggested and implemented to provide community awareness and education. Figure 6

illustrates the variation in people‘s perception on the effect of their daily activities on

the catchment environment. Generally the perception is that their effects are neutral to

positive; this is in contrast to research which shows that human activities and growth

have a detrimental impact on the environment (Goudie, 2006).

A key first stage to create community awareness would be education, which

can be achieved through many methods. The establishment of an Education Advisory

Group (EAG) who would direct educational strategies would be important. From here

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strategies and methods for education can be instigated. One such strategy that could

be implemented is a summary sheet of present and future management options and

issues, which would be distributed to all interested parties within the community

(Edward-Jones, 1997). This would offer community awareness and provide an

outlook for the community to work towards.

The EAG could use the pre-existing formal education infrastructure as a

means of educating the community. This can be done through interaction with schools

and preschools, by supplying resources and encouraging the inclusion of the ideas of

ICM in their curriculum. This strategy would be an important step in educating the

community, as the outcome of children being educated could have flow on effects to

adults.

Two methods to stimulate community awareness would be the

implementation of a roster system and informative posters. The latter would be used

to publicise the idea of ICM and environmental issues within the catchment. The

resource of an electronic poster will be supplied to Sumner- Redcliffs Transition

Group to help implement this method. These posters could also provide a useful tool

for implementing community action such as working bees or rosters. A roster would

involve interested and proactive community members who would be keen to

participate towards the goal of ICM for the area (respondent 2). Through the

construction of a roster the EAG can help develop a community commitment towards

a vision of ICM. This approach could produce a snowball effect resulting in a larger

interest within the community

To improve the accuracy of the results a higher return rate of surveys would

be required, however due to resource and time constraints surveys were limited to

500. This did provide a good profile of the community. The distribution of surveys

26

was focused along random streets that covered the four catchments; the majority of

the community should have the option to participate. The postal method does not give

the highest return rate of all the administration methods, however it was judged to be

the most efficient and allowed participants time to consider answers, unlike street

surveys. Regrettably, we were unable to successful arrange a time to interview a

representative of the local iwi. This resulted in little primary knowledge of local iwi

customs and perspective.

Future research can ensure the implementation of effective ICM. Additional

research into community values and goals would be essential in developing indicators

of physical factors. Research into the economic and land uses within the Sumner-

Redcliffs area will ensure management looks at all relevant details. As a local scale

has been investigated future groups may need to incorporate the estuary and the coast.

To engage successful ICM within the area investigation into environmental dynamics

would need to be taken such as erosion rates and water quality for example.

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Conclusion

Integrated Catchment Management considers all aspects that affect a

catchment area and aims to integrate social, environmental and economic elements.

This is achieved via communication and collaboration between all relevant parties. In

the Sumner-Redcliffs area there is a general perception that current catchment

management is poor. It is evident that community desire and enthusiasm towards

sustainability is high. Catchment management must allow community empowerment

through education and involvement. This can be achieved through partnerships

between the Sumner-Redcliffs community and local government. Through this,

initiatives such as working bees can be implemented. The first stage of community

education is currently being implemented with an electronic poster resource supplied

to the Sumner-Redcliffs transition group. This project has been an investigation of the

social perceptions on the environment and current management; further research is

needed into the environmental and economic spheres.

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Acknowledgements:

We would like to thank Claire Kain, our tutor. Also, thank you to all the

lecturers and academic staff who were involved in this GEOG309. Thank you to

Shane Orchard and all other members in the Sumner-Redcliffs transition group.

Thank you to all members of the Sumner-Redcliffs community who participated in

the surveys or interviews.

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Reference List

Bowden, W.B., Fenemor,

A. and Deans, N. Integrated water and catchment research for the

public good: the Motueka River-Tasman Bay initiative, New Zealand. International

Journal of Water Resources Development: 20, 311 – 323

Statistics New Zealand. (2006). 2006 Census. Retrieved 1 September 2010.

http://www.stats.govt.nz

Christchurch City Council. (2009). Retrieved 10 October. http://ccc.govt.nz.

Christchurch City Council, Corporate Suport(Image). (2010). Aerial photograph of

Sumner/Redcliffs watershed.

Department of Environment, Government of Western Australia (2004). Environmental

Education. Strategy and Action Plan.

Edwards-Jones, S. (1997). The River Valleys Project: A Participatory Approach to Integrated

Catchment Planning and Management in Scotland. Journal of Environmental

Planning and Management: 40, 125 – 142

Falkenmark, M., Gottschalk, L., Lundqvist, J. and Wouters, P. (2004) Towards integrated

catchment management: increasing the dialogue between scientists, policy-makers

and stakeholders. International Journal of Water Resources Development: 20, 297 –

309

Johnson, A.K.L., Shrubsole, D and Merrin,

M. (Image). (1996). Integrated Catchment

Management in northern Australia: From concept to implementation. Land use policy: 13, 303-316

Johnson, A.K.L., Shrubsole, D and Merrin,

M. (1996). Integrated Catchment Management in

northern Australia: From concept to implementation. Land use policy: 13, 303-316

Macleod, C.J.A., Scholefield, D. and Haygarth, P.M. (2007). Integration for sustainable

catchment management. Science of The Total Environment: 373, 591-602

Marshall, K. Blackstock, K.L. and Dunglinson, J. (2010). A contextual framework for

understanding good practice in integrated catchment management. Journal of

Environmental Planning and Management:53, 63 - 89

Mitchell, B & Hollock, M. (1993) Integrated catchment management in western Australia:

Transition from concept to implementation. Environmental management17: 735-743

Tyson, B. Panelli, R. and Robertson, G. (2005). Integrated Catchment Management in New

Zealand: A Field Report on Communication Efforts in the Taieri River Watershed.

Applied Environmental Education & Communication: 4, 73 – 80

Victoria, V. & Victoria, C. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative

Research in Psychology: 3, 77 — 101

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Appendix 1: Survey

What are your views for managing the waterways in

the Sumner/Redcliffs Area?? We are a third year student group from Canterbury University undertaking research in the Sumner/Redcliffs area. In collaboration with the Sumner-Redcliff Transition Group, we are working to help develop an “integrated catchment management plan” for the local area.

What is integrated catchment management? Unlike traditional river management, integrated catchment management looks at a river in its entirety, its interactions with the surrounding environment, and, includes the effects of human activities to achieve sustainable resource management. In seeking to develop an integrated catchment management plan, your views as a resident of the community would be very valuable. Please could you therefore take 5 minutes to complete the attached survey. No personally identifying information is sought and your response will only ever be used in a group format. Thank you for your time and consideration. Information on the return of completed questionnaires is provided at the end.

Sumner/Redcliffs Catchment Area

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1. How long have you been living in the Sumner/Redcliffs area? __________ (years) 2. Which category best describes your age? (Please circle)

- 15 or younger. - 16-25 - 26-35 - 36-45 - 46-55 - 56-65 - Over 65

3. Which of the following groups describes your personal situation? (Please circle the appropriate answer/s)

- Homeowner - Retailer - Developer - Employed in area - Retired - Tenant

4. How do you rate the health of the environment in the Sumner/Redcliffs area? (Please circle the appropriate answer, 1 being poor and 10 being excellent) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 5. How well do you believe the Sumner/Redcliffs waterways and catchments are currently being managed? (Please circle the appropriate answer, 1 being poor and 10 being excellent) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 6. How do you rate stream water quality in the area? (Please circle the appropriate answer, 1 being poor and 10 being excellent) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 7. How do you rate storm water quality in the area? (Please circle the appropriate answer, 1 being poor and 10 being excellent) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 8. If any, what environmental issues can you see within the Sumner/Redcliffs waterways and catchment area? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What effect do you think your everyday life at present has on the catchment environment? (Please circle the appropriate answer, 1 being negative, 5 being neutral and 10 being positive)

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1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 10. What features of the current waterways and catchment do you think are most important? (Rank 1 to 5)

- Water quality ___ - Biodiversity ___ - Plantings ___ - Physical appearence ___ - Drainage ___

11. Ranking the following, how would you like the future growth of Sumner/Redcliffs to progress? (Rank 1 to 5)

- Property development ___ - Tourism ___ - Minimal development ___ - Retailers ___ - Manufacturing ___

12. In terms of local catchment management, what level of participation would you envision yourself having? (Please circle as many as apply) -None -Receiving information -Giving feedback -Attending committee meetings -Participating in community work days -Being involved in decision making 13. Who do you believe would be responsible for the implementation of an integrated catchment management plan? (Please circle the most appropriate answer/s)

- No body - Individuals - Committees - Local government (Ecan & Christchurch City Council) - National government

14. What would you like the outcomes of integrated catchment management to be? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________ Other comments regarding current waterways and catchments, and, the management of these resources in the Sumner/Redcliffs area: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you for taking the time to fill out this survey. It is much appreciated. If you would like to receive further information we are having a conference with a presentation on the findings of our research on 2nd October in the Sumner area. For conference details email aos16@uclive.ac.nz. Please could you place your finished survey in your mailbox for collection on Sunday 22 August. Thank you very much

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Appendix 2: Worded Responses from Survey

Q8. If any, what environmental issues can you see within the Sumner/Redcliffs

waterways and catchment area?

-―Better control of gore and broom‖, ―More tree planting in main gullies‖

-―Lots of rain runoff on scarbourgh hill. Over the road etc.‖

-―the few streams in the area are dry for most of the year and are mostly overgrown

with a variety of weed and occasionally nature species -> potential for blockage,

should be addressed.‖, ―housing development needs to be checked to prevent drainage

problems‖

-―Human waste (rubbish) dropped into stormwaste. Sheep on hill‖

-―The estuary and sewage smells in sumner‖, ―sea lettuce on Sumner beach in

summer‖

-―Flooding in main road area at high tides some times may take rubbish to sea‖

-―roads frequently flood, this must mean oil and debris goes into the estuary‖

-―erosion due to development on hill sides‖

-‖better management of the general health of the waterways would improve the

quality of the area‖

-―there is no enforcement of dog poo cleanup by owners on the beach‖, ―to many cars

– no more development of port hills‖, ―runoff from streets, car washing etc‖, ―need

more education‖

-―Difficulty to drain away heavy rainfall at high tides during stormy weather‖

-―Hill runoff can cause slips and drainage blocks‖, ― some pipes (for stormwater and

brownwater) are old and in poor repair, especially in hill areas (eg moncks spur)‖,

―we have experienced two expensive repairs to drains on our section‖

-―None, all seems well‖

-―The flow of water through the causeway‖

-―Main issue is pollution of heathcote + avon rivers which flows into the estuary.

Excess sea lettuce hopefully will reduce now that the settling ponds do not empty into

the estuary‖

-―smell of estuary after tide has rolled out causing fermenting plant matter‖

-―runoff from house building on the hills‖, ―increased population and use of

environment

-―Most of the beaches are unsafe for swimming due to poor water quality‖, ―the

estuary is quite polluted due to the poor management of the heathcote river‖

-―potential for flooding‖

-―Sea lettuce in the estuary‖

-―Quality of the estuary and beaches-birdlife safe swimming safety for children of

beach‖

-―Flooding at peak tides and during heavy rain of roads and properties adjacient to the

estuary and its tributaries‖

-―ongoing green algae in estuary‖, ―problem in the continuing building on the hills

creating drainage problems ‖, ―roading access problems with increasing population‖

-―Streams not very clean‖

-―the estuary needs looking at-especially mccomacks bay side‖

-―pollution of rubbish in storm water‖, ―low lying land above sea level‖

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-―when out for walks along beachville road occasionally I noticed unpleasant

discharges from drainage into the estuary‖

-―I think the quality of the waterways has slowly deteriated over the years, probably

due to mismanagement, though it still appears to be in a reasonable state‖

-―Dog droppings/not enough rubbish containers, weed in the causeway area-stinks!

Too much rubbish in rivers ie bottles, glass and plastic. The mainufactuerers of these

products should be made to take it back – a deposit return system on these items‖

-―If property development continues, care must be taken to prevent flooding on flat

land in sumner and Redcliffs‖

-―the continued discharge of pollutants into the estuary and onto beaches‖, ―the lack

of an overall environment/water recreational plan for this catchment‖

-―no flounder in the estuary. Far to much sea lettuce.

-―the runoff from development entering the estuary‖

-―weed in the estuary‖

-―Where to start!!! Anything decided depends on who pays and how, little else

matters‖

-―there appears to be some discharges into the heathcote river from estuary‖, ―dog

droppings are still an issue with many owners no picking up‖

-―too much development on hills equals more waste water into the drainage system‖

-―none‖

-―due to being new in the earea, I cannot see any major problems upon which to

comment. However I believe there would be no harm in improving general water

quality‖

-―likelihood of flooding‖

-‖Runoff‖

-―stormwater discharge on beaches‖

-―introduce plants‖

-―drains and sumps should be kept clear on a daily basis‖

-―sea lettuce going up sumner waterways at high tide and stink at low tide (same with

beaches). Poor quality of water in estuary and sumner beaches‖

Q14. What would you like the outcomes of integrated Catchment Management

to be?

-―more native bird life with more tree planting and walking tracks‖, ―water run-off

control‖, ―pest + weed control‖

-―Runoff from hills and urban development (housing, roads) effectively managed‖

-―common sense and a integrated catchment management plan that will support all for

the future‖

-―better water quality‖

-―maintaining(at least) and up grading the natural environment in the area. Keep

manufacturing to a minimum to lessen impact on environment‖

-―something happening‖

-―a sustainable way forward in future development of the area‖

-―better ways within this area, less rubbish‖

-―Community participation, want results in general waterway improvement‖

-―residents to be more aware of the activities they do that affect the environment, car

washing etc‖, ― also knowing what they can do to help the environment‖

-―more tourist babes on the beaches‖

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-―Efficient drainage, erosion control, adequate maintainence of streams eg drainage

systems, planting to exchange environment eg appearance‖

-―All water Quality and enchancement of the environment‖

-―Community awareness in regards to the quality of the environment in order to

implement future plannings‖

-―Ensure unpoluted water in estuary‖

-―water quality that would enable people to swim and eat fish + shellfish in the

estuary‖

-―a set out progressive development scheme that can be seen through to the set out

scheme with constant updates to generally upgrade the movement‖

-―more information and awareness for myself + others as to what we should/should

not be doing to assist the helth and improvement of the catchment‖

-―all beaches safe for swimming‖

-―a focused strategy‖

-―user friendly waterways‖

-―Environment health of the waterway to be given top priority‖

-―functional-effieciently remove storm water‖, ―unpolluted-for recreation and

biodiversity (non invasive ie motor crafts) as natural looking as possible with minimal

impact on the environment‖

-―to retain the seaside village environment with good quality water and drainage‖

-―clean waterways‖

-―continuing water quality in estuary and waterways‖

-―that both the community and the local government both have an interest in the

maintenance and quality of the general area(water)‖

-―Care that storm water and sewage does not pollute the estuary‖

-―support of all forms of water/and other recreational activities‖

-―Stability in cliffs and hills‖, ―Good water quality-estuary and sumner beach‖

-―don‘t know enough about it‖

-―consultation with those in area working/living/developing etc‖, ―agreeable results-

no high rise buildings inappriopriate retail buildings eg Sumner‖, ―create atmosphere

or keep what has already developed‖

-―having water safe to swim in‖, ―we like to collect and eat fish without dying of

some contaminate of the water‖

-―to continue to upgrade the water quality‖

-―healthy clean waterways with nil pollution‖

-―not sure what you mean‖

-―better waterways with greater sustainability and diversity that will result in healthier

environment for future generations‖

-―effective clean drainage‖

-―better water quality‖

-―not sure, maybe more community involvement‖

-―long term plan to promote excellent water quality, biodiversity‖

-―sensible plantings and drainage‖

-―a clean environment‖

-―improved water quality and maintenance of it. Strict water quality management in

future residential development ie not directly discharging into the sea close to shore‖

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Other Comments regarding current waterways and catchments, and, the

management of these resources in the Sumner/Redcliffs area:

-―living on a hill-there is a lot of ashphalt, to cover drains etc‖, ‖My concern is the

amount of water containing chlorine which runs down into drains when swimming

pools are emptied uphills!‖, ‖Sometimes drains at bottom of Godley Drive are

blocked by cabbage tree leaves‖

-―our lifes are all fragmented with work and there is a breakdown in communities- not

intentional I would say.‖, ‖a number of people in Sumner/Redcliffs want the best for

themselves – then they consider others???.‖

-―the area is good for outdoor recreational activities. Which could easily be damaged

by poor management + ones development‖

-―more public awareness of the general quality of waterways would be ideal ―, ―to

maintain and improve the sustainability of the area‖

-―I wish the ―sea lettuce‖ problem would be solved!‖, ―The completion of the coastal

track from scarborough to Humphreys drive would be good too!‖

-―I don‘t know much about drainage of storm water systems‖

-―Everyone is watching to see the improvement in water quality now the sewage

outfall is in use‖

-―the water tastes salty and foamy‖

-―keen to also maintain quiet use of estuary ie yatching, windsurfing, kayaking but not

jet skies, motor boats‖

-―It is pleasing to see the estuary water looking cleaner‖

-―Would like to see the area maintained to a high standard‖

-―To much rubbish in the rivers‖

-―most important that the estuary is not allowed to silt up, anymore or polluted‖

-―promotion of physical activites is key. I have a young family so kayaking, fishing,

searching for shellfish is all good for me and my young family‖

-―I enjoy recreation in the area and would like to continue this‖

-―it would be nice to see improved waterways in the sumner area so that future

generations may enjoy the environment also‖

-―seems to be few fish in the estuary‖

-―perhaps some way of conserving water excess‖

-―both the CCC and the drainage board have a poor record in this area. Many years

also the CCC yard in sumner was closed and transferred to linwood. The daily routine

of keeping gutters, drains and sumps ceased. It‘s a fact that every time we have heavy

rain the streets will flood, we have repeatably expressed our concerns to CCC staff

with negative results‖

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Appendix 3 : Interview Transcripts

Respondent 1

1 How do you perceive the current health of the environment within the area to be?

That area I find it to be pretty good , yes, everything seems very clean and looks like it has been managed well. In terms of the waterways? From what I have noticed it seems to be very clean. The vegetation? It seems to be pretty healthy from what I have noticed, if there is an issue it seems to be cleaned away quickly. What about erosion? … sediment being washed off the hillside? Yea I think arrr its seems to be under control, there seems to be a lot more houses and stuf being built on the cliffs which could have some sort of impact down the line 2 What aspects of sumner-redcliffs area and community do you particularly value? I like its clean quite atmosphere clean water green grass it’s a nice pleasant place. 3 how do you believe the community activities impact on the catchment area? I have no idea, your day to day impacts on the environment The sewage, its sounds like they deal with that pretty well at certain times its stronger and there pumping more out. I believe it’s all legal and at a good standard. Sometimes it stinks. By “it” do you mean the community deals with the environment? I mean the council deals with it as in sewage and the health of the water. Do you think the community has much input into this? Im sure the council has the main thing to do with it. If there’s a problem the community usually speaks up, until there’s a problem people don’t say much. 4 What is your opinion on the current management of the catchment area? Yes I say it is 5 Which characteristics of the Sumner-Redcliffs area need to be considered in the development of an ICM plan I think at the moment it’s all pretty good, I think if they keep building as it grows and gets bigger they will really have to keep an eye on it the sewage and the rocks and things like that but at the moment the size that it is I think its under control. 6 What aspects do you believe need to be included in ICM? What are your reasons for this? I’d have to say I would do similar to what they are doing at the moment as I have no problems with what is happening at the moment 7 What do you believe the key signs of a well managed catchment area? I guess if its out of sight its out of mind and everything’s working then as long as there’s no sickness, diseases etc What do you mean by everything’s working? I think talking about the water it seems t o be really clean healthy and well distributed

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and cleared away with. From an everyday point of view you don’t see much of the behind the scenes so it must be working. 8 What do you believe will be an effective way to measure the progress if ICM? If I don’t have to think about it its working, if you turn the tap on and there’s water there 9 In your opinion, to what degree would the community become infolved in the implementation and monitoring of an ICM plan? If whatever you proposed is going to be a lot better for the residents and easier I guess in whatever way there doing it people will always look to go forwards. Do you think people will be interested? Maybe working bees and updates to the community, I personally may not be interested. Do you believe other people will be interested? Yes possibly 10 Are there any other aspects related to the management of the waterways in Sumner-Redcliffs that you believe need mentioning? No, I mean if the idea of integrating it all was going to make it more effective and keep the standard up then I’d go for it, but if its ever going to make it slip. I reckon there onto quite a good thing at the moment .

Respondent 2

1 How do you perceive the current health of the environment within the area to be? Pretty dismal, basically it’s an area that is undertaking a lot of changes and development the developments being constructed in a careless way for the environment, earth works on the hill sides being very damaging resulting of silting in the bay. There has not been a lot of re-vegetation to mitigate this. 2 What aspects of sumner-redcliffs area and community do you particularly value? The estuary, the natural hilltops, the ocean, the rivers. IS there Anything socially u value about the area? Walking groups, MTB groups, I don’t get involved in large groups so much 3 how do you believe the community activities impact on the catchment area? Activities of the community? Yes, car movements people driving their kids to school instead of walking them to school, people disturbing the soil in their gardens without understandings of erosion and stuff, introducing exotic plants that spread, litter often from outside of the area people partying and leaving there litter behind, chucking them on the road side, I see this a lot when I am out biking and walking the hill side, it is not only from party goers it is all sorts of stuff even house hold rubbish, an old chimney. You have been in the community for a long time is it getin worse? Yes I think so

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4 What is your opinion on the current management of the catchment area? It’s totally ineffective, why do you say it is ineffective? We have done subdivision works and building work and we no that the council has requirements for silt fences and that sort of stuff but it seems that most of the time they are not even instilled, or are just micky mouse. Is it policy that there fences are to be instilled? Yes as I understand, they are either installed as a joke or people just don’t install them and the council does not seem to check up on them. There is a feller across the way that is pushing clay and silt around with his toy digger, he does this once a year and reshapes the land around his house by pushing it down into the gully. The fact that someone can just do that with one consequence begs belief. Who do u think should be responsible for this? The community should be more active, I ring up the council a lot but start to think I am a nagger, you get to the people on the complaints desk by name . 5 Which characteristics of the Sumner-Redcliffs area need to be considered in the development of an ICM plan In terms of the catchment plan I think there should be more time spent on re-vegetation of areas just to improve the water quality and the general biota, natural wildlife and so on, um and just so that the swimming water quality is better all round. Also so the wild life is more prominent. Is it lacking in that at the moment? Yes I think so there seems to be a perception that the port hills should be denuded, they should be covered in native bush, different sorts of forest. 6 What aspects do you believe need to be included in ICM? What are your reasons for this? I think there need to be a re-vegetation program and there need to be a much stronger control of how people do there earth works, this rangers from how people do there gardening and how the rural parts are used there is a huge amount of tunnel gully erosion as a result of mis-management of the land 7 What do you believe the key signs of a well-managed catchment area? High water quality flourishing wildlife and vegetation, 8 What do you believe will be an effective way to measure the progress if ICM? Just monitoring water quality, monitoring wildlife this is subject to variation with people feeding them or not, and vegetation cover. The council at the moment in the gully here ( by his house ) has an annual budget to buy up surplus stock from their nurseries, they are planted on the hill slope on a survive if you’re lucky with a success rate of about 30% I this happening in the other valley’s do you think? Yes I think with the same style as it is done here. As residents here we have taken water down to help them survive because we get very hot dry periods, do you think if there was some community roster to water them it would happen? Yes I would say yes, we have a nurseries here and are incorporating these into our subdivisions, I am sure others would do the same thing if they could see something happening, areas like this gully could be adopted by the community and looked after by the residents that live in it. Litter being a major problem, the council does not seem to have an

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effective way of picking up litter, I think the community would be far better off not paying contractors and collecting it them self’s 9 In your opinion, to what degree would the community become infolved in the implementation and monitoring of an ICM plan? Um year it depends on how they are organised they could be fully involved I think, Do you think there would be people in the community that would be interested, I think there are a lot of people that would be interested in it , there are people that are quite fanatical about I am sure there is a lot of people. Do you think people would want to be involved in say going to meetings and receiving information about it? Maybe not going to meetings, say a roster that was a list of people that are involved so that people do not feel like they are the only ones trying to do something, to Know that others are doing something could result in a snow ball and more people may become involved. For this roster what would you like to see the community getting out and doing? Picking up rubbish watering the trees, dog do’s the council need to provide ideas for this. 10 Are there any other aspects related to the management of the waterways in Sumner-Redcliffs that you believe need mentioning? UM the flushing of the bay, basic water quality to give people more confidence when at the beaches and estuary, knowing fish are safe to catch and eat and stuff those are the nig things, I think there is enough communities around, do u think the ones that are around need to interact with each other ? Yes that would help and interaction with the council. Things like beach clean ups need to be done by the community. The rubbish bins are also an issue with rubbish being blowing all over the hill side.

Respondent 3

1 How do you perceive the current health of the environment within the area to be?

Um… I believe the environment is in a relatively poor state. What about the water ways? Um they are ok I guess, there is a fair bit of pollution that seems to fall into them, So litter is a problem? Well it is collected I guess but people do not always use bins…, What about erosion? Um erosion does not seem to bad I would um sorry I kind of don’t know. How about the health of the vegetation and biota? Um well the vegetation that is there is managed well I guess I would like to see more native trees being planted, Do you think other people in the community do too? Um yes I guess so. 2 What aspects of sumner-redcliffs area and community do you particularly value? Well arr um I enjoy the beaches and how it is out of the city, … yea. 3 how do you believe the community activities impact on the catchment area?

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Umm well like what? Day to day activities, Well I guess everything we do has some kind of impact on the area, some activities may have more, like MT biking seams to cut up the hill side quite a lot I guess, um I don’t know.. ar cars are bad for the environment 4 What is your opinion on the current management of the catchment area? Well I guess its um they are trying, more can be done, what do you mean by more? Um… well better management of the hole area insteed of just parks and streets. Who do you think should be responsible for this? Um well I guess the council and the managers of the parks… but also the people that live in the area should play a part in what is happening in their back yards, and arr local area. 5 Which characteristics of the Sumner-Redcliffs area need to be considered in the development of an ICM plan? I think that um.. people need to look at how they are developing and building on the hill sides, um parks need to be taken into account to I guess haha, arr yea, are there any social aspects? Well um I guess so, people should talk to each other and the council 6 What aspects do you believe need to be included in ICM? What are your reasons for this? Maybe thinks like more plantings, trying to get people to use rubbish bin,s and think about the water ways, um.. people could take more time to think I guess yip. 7 What do you believe the key signs of a well-managed catchment area? Well clean water and a clean sea, maybe more trees in the parks and people’s homes. 8 What do you believe will be an effective way to measure the progress if ICM? Arr well I think if people checked how clean the water ways were and looked at what was washing up in the estuary that would be a start I guess , yea I don’t know haha, 9 In your opinion, to what degree would the community become involved in the implementation and monitoring of an ICM plan? Well a lot would be good, save the council from doing and stop people from winging about it I guess, Do you think many people will want to? Yea sure people are becoming more into this kind of stuff, and the community in the area is large enough there will be people that do.. do want to be involved. What level of involvement do you think, meetings working bees receiving info? Yea yip well all of that I guess, they might want to meet about, yea and help out in there spear time maybe. 10 Are there any other aspects related to the management of the waterways in Sumner-Redcliffs that you believe need mentioning? Yea well thinks like mowing the parks grass could go into the water when it rains maybe I have not seen it but yea, yip.

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Respondent 4

1 How do you perceive the current health of the environment within the area to be?

Um I think overall the environment, I am thinking of the water stream environment firstly has um defiantly showed signs of ups and downs, we had water pollution issues come along at a regular cycle, um showing that mainly that the urban water treatment is not up to scratch this is pre earth quake now of course we have an on-going problem. Is this mainly storm water? I have not been closely following the E Can contaminants recordings but I know that the E coli levels being up at times which is waste water and I think the level of monitoring of contaminants probably is not sufficient to following the trends, so other contaminants may have been there all along but not have been picked up. There has been a lot of talk around this area about day lighting the drains is sort of anecdotal I am not Shure how much data there is on the contaminants, and the day lighting idea might reduce the contaminants leaving the storm water system, the idea there is to trap more of them, I do know that there are big box drains that go straight into the sea, without knowing the data I could see that there could be water problems there. Um as far as the rest of the environment goes it’s not too bad. We have a mixed use catchment up the back, um there is a bit of a lack of native vegetation so that would be something to improve on, um all around the area in heavy rain there is a lot of erosion. You see it up on Scarborough hill you only need a medium to heavy rain and the road side bank is falling down. Um don’t think that the sedimentation issue has been very well nailed just from what I see. 2 What aspects of sumner-redcliffs area and community do you particularly value? Aww well I like the community type feel of it because it is has a geographical boundary so you feel like you are outside of Christchurch. It has got a little hub and you get to meet your neighbours. Um and then the other main thing is the outdoor type environment away from the city I like the beach, it’s nice being in a semi-rural environment which is down the back of us here. Um yea with that comes out door activities. 3 how do you believe the community activities impact on the catchment area? Um this community? Yes, Um well I think people in the community are mainly living a urban life style so there impacts on the catchment as per the plan to manage the catchment from the city council so because they are mainly urban people the mainly rely on the urban infrastructure for services. So I don’t think that the individual residents are having that much of a negative effect sorry not that much of a positive effect, why I say not that much of a positive effect I am not aware of any community based group that is protecting the environment values of the area at the present. I suppose up the back of the valley there, there are a couple of land uses that are effecting the catchment in a bit of a negative way. What about things like car movements? Um well I think no more than any other place that should be mitigated with the storm water management system. You are saying that with a bit of doubt.

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Well a bit of doubt but I can’t comment one way or another I know that the storm water systems are supposed to be designed to catch contaminants slowly then a heavy rain event occurs and everything goes straight out of the system, and flushed into the sea 4 What is your opinion on the current management of the catchment area? Um ok so as a catchment I don’t think it is a really well managed structure at the moment I base this on the natural water that were here can hardly be seen, um it is an urban setting so you could ask should they be, Um but there are a lot of examples where water ways close to town are in good health. So I don’t think we have that here the streams are all under the pavement from halfway down the catchment to the sea, in the upper catchment there is hardly riparian vegetation. So not that well looked after by every standard. So that would include things like erosion? Yes ther is not a lot to mitigate that, the land use is not very intensive so this should not be an issue, but you look at the velleys the logical thing would be to have them vegetated so you are going to trap sediment, these would be good area to start replanting. So are you saying the management policies are lacking? Yes that not even taking into account the coast where there are major issues, it could definitely be improved . 5 Which characteristics of the Sumner-Redcliffs area need to be considered in the development of an ICM plan? So the main characteristics would be the values that people hold for different components in the catchment, there is debate who gets to decide those as there are going to be a range of views, who is interested just local or wider Māori values might come from hole tribe or local. I would start with this plane approach because the plan is for people. They are not all going to have the same opinions on this but if win wins and like ground is found then a case for management can be constructed from this. In terms of you views on the physical aspects? I would look at the stuff to do with vegetation; it is well known to have a positive effect on water ways, secondary I would look at the storm water issue which would need more data, being a small catchment only one or two monitoring are useful to the area and these are checked very infrequently. The third thing would be to look at day lighting the drains, but there is a trade off with land and you don’t have unlimited amounts of land. 6 What aspects do you believe need to be included in ICM? What are your reasons for this? Um the main one is to look at the values of the area from the people in the area. To create a vision that is community derived and community based. If people can see its different from what we have got now then that the first step in bring about change, the solutions are going to be easy found once it is known what is needed to be achieved. 7 What do you believe the key signs of a well-managed catchment area? Um it comes back to the values again; you can’t manage what you can’t measure, to follow you progress you have to have something to measure, you need to have some indicators. My idea of a well-managed ICM plan is, not one size fits all, I start with looking at values and visions and convert these into indicators. Basically its going to

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be healthy waterways where native spices can live so of which we main want to eat and harvest. Good water quality at least contact rec standards. I would like to see native vegetation on the stream banks which is part of good stream health. Other aspects, people are getting use and enjoyment of the processes. 8 What do you believe will be an effective way to measure the progress if ICM? Indicators are important, they have to be well constructed. One of the best things community groups could do, would be to start do some higher based monitoring to start plugging gaps. 9 In your opinion, to what degree would the community become involved in the implementation and monitoring of an ICM plan? I don’t really know, we are kind of busy kind of urban people don’t have a lot of spare time on their hands. It needs to be made easy for people. But people that move here like the beach and out doors, if people could see an easy way people might be interested. Do you think people would be interested in say beach clean ups or tree planting working bees? Yes I think they would, if someone else does the organising as they do not have the time 10 Are there any other aspects related to the management of the waterways in Sumner-Redcliffs that you believe need mentioning? I think we have covered them.