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Instructional Strategies to Build Collaboration in Online Courses
Deanna E. MayersDirector of Curriculum
Collaboration develops understanding
Collaboration is work force skill for today’s global world
Why Collaboration?
Why Collaboration?
According to Vygotsky, students are capable of performing at higher intellectual levels when asked to work in collaborative situations than when asked to work individually.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
Builds understanding
Why Collaboration?
The term "collaborative learning" refers to an instruction method in which students at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal.
Anuradha A. Gokhale JTE Volume 7, Number 1 - Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking
Builds understanding
Why Collaboration?
“…by interacting with others, children learn not only what to think but how to think”
Productive Work Groups Frey, Fisher, Everlove
Builds understanding
Why Collaboration?
“…if the purpose of instruction is to enhance critical- thinking and problem- solving skills, then collaborative learning is more beneficial.”
Anuradha A. Gokhale JTE Volume 7, Number 1 - Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking
Builds understanding
Why Collaboration?
If you “Google” the terms “online collaboration”…
…you will likely at least 30 million hits with more than the first thousand hits focused on tools for business professionals to collaborate online.
work force skill
Why Collaboration?
“The shared learning gives students an opportunity to engage in discussion, take responsibility for their own learning, and thus become critical thinkers”
work force skill
Totten, S., Sills, T., Digby, A., & Russ, P. (1991). Cooperative learning: A guide to research. New York: Garland
Why Collaboration?
work force skill
Businesses are using online collaboration to do everything from:
– develop concept maps– plan projects– create drawings– chat – Discuss– sharing documents and videos.
Collaboration Strategies
1. Quick Writes 2. JigSaw activities 3. Responding to others 4. Read and Respond 5. Collaborative Vocabulary6. Group Projects
Responsibility Learning Model
Moving to the student assuming more responsibility for the task
Responsibility Learning Model
Responsibility Learning Model
Teacher Centered Learning
Productive Work Group Fisher and Frey p. 7, 2008
More Student Centered Learning
Suggestions •Ask students to predict what would happen if an aspect of a familiar system, such as the government or transportation, were changed.
•Ask students to build something using limited resources.
•This task generates questions and hypotheses about what may or may not work.
•Environmental or Invention
GRASPS Project
G – Goal
R – Role
A – Audience
S – Situation
P – Performance or Product
S – Standard (Rubric)
Questions About Things and People
Things and People:1. What action does this thing or person usually perform?2. What action is usually performed on this thing?3. How is this thing usually used?4. What is this thing part of?5. What is the process for making this thing?6. When this thing is used, does it present a particular danger or other things or to people? What is it?7. What particular color, number, location, or dimensionality does this thing have?8. How is this thing usually sold?9. What particular emotional state does this person have?Example – After reading a quote from Georg Percy, what are your impressions of this “New Land” as an Englishman? Why do you believe, with this information, would anyone want to leave England for a land with this description?
Questions About EventsEvents:1. What people are usually involved in this event?2. During what season or time of year does this event usually take place?3. On what day of the week does this event usually take place?4. At what time of day does this event usually take place?5. At what point in history did this event take place?6. What equipment is typically used in this event?7. How long does this event usually take?
Example:What factors contributed to America being able to win the Revolutionary War?
Questions About States
State1. What is the basic process involved in reaching this state?2. What changes occur when something reaches this state?
Example:
Scientific evidence indicates that carbon dioxide added to the air by the burning of wood and fossil fuels is contributing to "global warming," a rise in global temperature. Tropical rain forests are estimated to be responsible for more than 20% of global photosynthesis, yet their consumption of large amounts of carbon dioxide is thought to make little or no net contribution to reduction of global warming.
Why might this be? (Hint: what happens to the food produced by rain for street when it is eaten by animals or the tree dies?)
Questions About Actions 1. What thing or person usually performs this action?2. What effect does this action have on the taste, feel, sound, or look of this thing?3. How does this action typically change the emotional state of a person?4. How is the value of this thing changed by this action?5. How does this action change the size or shape of a thing?6. How does this action change the state of a thing?
Example: Why did these social reform movements occur, who were their leaders, what was their impact on American society?ReligionTemperance (no alcohol)Women's rightsEquality
Questions based on ideas in
Productive Group Work by Frey, Fisher, and Everlove.
Explaining Ideas
1. The main idea is ______________2. The reason I know this is from ______________3. This is like _____________ and different from ________________
Responding to Others
Questions based on ideas in
Productive Group Work by Frey, Fisher, and Everlove.
Check for Understanding
1. Does that make sense to you?
2. Is there a part that is confusing?
3. Can you repeat it in your own words?
4. I understood _______________, but I didn’t understand ____________.
5. Can you show the me where you found the information
6. Can you explain the information from the lesson to another person?
Responding to Others
Questions based on ideas in
Productive Group Work by Frey, Fisher, and Everlove.
Reflecting on another persons words:
1. ______________ said _________and it reminded me of ___________2. Our ideas are similar because ____________3. Our ideas are different because ______________4. We could use ___________ and _____________ to explain ___________5. Here’s a new idea that uses _____’s thoughts and ___________’s thoughts.
Responding to Others
WHAT IS KEY TO A STRONG COLLABORATIVE EXPERIENCE?
Build Positive Interdependence
Steps to Building Positive Interdependence
1. Goal – each member must contribute to reach the goal
2. Resource – each member has a unique piece of information
3. Reward – should be both independent and overall
4. Roles – each member should have a job that is necessary to complete the task
Productive Group WorkFrey, Fisher, Everlove, p. 15
Quick Talks (Quick Write)
Voice Board1. Create a short 1-2 minute
Voice Board Post2. Prompts can be general or
more specific to the lesson3. Can do this before, during or
at the end of a lesson
Question starters:1. What’s the best thing you
learned today?2. What was confusing to you in
the lesson?3. What do you already know
about this topic?4. How did you help yourself to
learn today?5. What do you think the next
lesson will be about?6. What would a person who
skips this lesson in the course need to know about?
1.Vocabulary Squares Journal
1.Term Discussions2.PhotoStory presentation on a wiki or blog
Collaborative Vocabulary
Building Academic Vocabulary, Marzano and Pickering
Read and Respond Activity (Cube It)
Journal6 questions –
1.describe it2.analyze it3.apply it4.take a stand5.reinvent it6.choose a different perspective
• Wiki1. Create a section for
each student to answer the questions
2. Create a section for them to work together on a summary
Collaboratively Constructed ProductsCollaborative Project
• Information Poster or a PowerPoint presentation
• Ask each student to contribute in a different color ink and sign in that color
• Give each member a responsibility to specific content, must create 2-3 multiple choice question for their section, all must “take” the quiz.
A Jig-Saw approach• Phase 1: Meet in
home groups1. Go over overall goals
• Phase 2: Meet in expert groups
– Focus on one specific aspect of the content
– Ensure mastery before they leave the group
• Phase 3: Return to home groups to teach each other
Wiki
Create a section for each student to answer the questions
Create a section for them to work together on a summary
Teacher Collaboration• Moving your professional learning
communities to the online collaborative world
• Use online asynchronous and synchronous collaboration technology to stay informed
• Build strong learning opportunities with students.
A Challenge for YOU
Share your “best practices” with others
Searching our database for ideas and learning objects for your courses.
https://blendedschools.softchalkcloud.com/
BSNCloud Open Educational Resource (OER)•Use•Rate •Contribute
Collaborate to Clarify:
Join the Discussion here: http://tiny.cc/3jz7z
Deanna E. MayersDirector of [email protected]
ReferencesClassroom Instruction That Works by R. J. Marzano, D. J. Pickering, and J. E. Pollock, 2001, Alexandria, VA: ASCD.http://www.tltguide.ccsd.k12.co.us/instructional_tools/Strategies/Strategies.html“Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking” by Anuradha A. Gokhale JTE Volume 7, Number 1.Cooperative learning: A guide to research. Totten, S., Sills, T., Digby, A., & Russ, P. (1991). New York: GarlandMind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. By Vygotsky, L. (1978). Cambridge:Harvard University Press. Productive Group Work by Nancy Frey, Douglas Fisher, and Sandi Everlove, 2009, Alexandria, VA: ASCD.“Teaching Students to Construct Graphic Representations,” Beau Fly Jones, Jean Pierce, and Barbara Hunter, Educational Leadership, December 1988.Building Academic Vocabulary, by R. J. Marzano and D. J. Pickering, 2005, Alexandria, VA: ASCD.The Global Development Research Center, http://www.gdrc.org/kmgmt/c-learn/strategies.htmlSource: Adapted from Classroom Instruction That Works by R. J. Marzano, D. J. Pickering, and J. E. Pollock, 2001, Alexandria, VA: ASCD.http://www.tltguide.ccsd.k12.co.us/instructional_tools/Strategies/Strategies.html
