LUXEMBOURGIN FIGURES–2019

Institut national de la statistiqueet des études économiques

Centre Administratif Pierre Werner13, rue Erasme B.P. 304L - 2013 Luxembourg

+352 247 - 84219info@statec.etat.luwww.statec.lu

September 2019ISSN 1019-6448x

Reproduction only authorized if the source is mentioned.

Photo de couverture: Shutterstock.com Printing: Imprimerie Centrale, Luxembourg

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CONTENTS

TERRITORY & ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Territory & Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Environment & Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

POPULATION & LABOUR MARKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Labour Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

SOCIAL CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Social life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Social security & Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Culture & Travelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

ENTERPRISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Demography & Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Agriculture, Forestry & Wine-growing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Industry & Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Financial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Sciences & Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

ECONOMY & FINANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35National accounts & Public finances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35External trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Prices & Inflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42International comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2

TERRITORY & ENVIRONMENT

The 12 cantons of Luxembourg

Clervaux

Wiltz Vianden

Diekirch

Echternach

Mersch

Grevenmacher

Luxembourg

Redange

Capellen

Esch-sur-AlzetteRemich

Germany

Belgium

France

3

Territory

Geographical survey

Total area of the Grand Duchy 2,586 km2 100%Area of the two natural regions

in the north: Éislek (Oesling) 828 km2 32%in the south: Guttland (Good country) 1,758 km2 68%

Dimensions North-South East-WestMaximum 82 km 57 km

Length of the borderTotal length 356 km

with France 73 kmwith Germany 135 kmwith Belgium 148 km

AltitudesMaximum (Wilwerdange) 560 mMinimum (Wasserbillig) 130 mLuxembourg-City 300 m

Land use in 2018

4.5%Road-net, railway network, etc.

85.2%

9.7%

0.6%

Agricultural and wooded area

Watercourses and waterbody

Built-up area

4

Climate

Luxembourg-City January April July October 12 months

Average 1981-2010Temperature (in °C)

Average 1.4 8.9 18.6 9.7 9.6Maximum 11.3 22.9 32.7 21.7 21.9Minimum -10.1 -3.0 6.8 -1.4 -2.0

Relative humidity (in %) 86.9 71.7 71.0 85.0 79.1Hours of sunshine 45.7 166.9 229.8 100.2 1,568.1

Rainfalls and temperatures in Luxembourg-City

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

25

20

15

10

5

0

-5

Rainfall in mmTemperature in °C

Janu

ary

Febr

uary

Mar

ch

April

May

Jun

e

Jul

y

Aug

ust

Sep

tem

ber

Oct

ober

Nov

embe

r

Dec

embe

r

Rainfall (1981-2010)Temperature (1981-2010)

Rainfall 2018Temperature 2018

5

Environment

Air pollution EU Norm 2010 2017 2018

µg/m³Protection of the human health Highest recorded value

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 401 59 45 42Nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2, in rural area) 301 21 16 16

Particulate matter (PM10, <10 µm) 401 25 24 21Ozone (O3) 1802,3 / 2402,4 202 245 220Carbon monoxide (CO) 10,0005 1,020 1,140 999

1 annual average2 hourly average3 information threshold for the population (1 hour)4 alert threshold (3 consecutive hours)5 average over 8 hours

Status of water bodies 2009 2015in %

Ecological statusgood 7 3moderate 52 66poor 26 23bad 16 8

Chemical statusgood 70 -not good 30 100

Hydromorphological statusgood 63 -moderate 20 2poor 16 31bad 2 67

6

Woodland cover

< 10 %

10-19 %

20-29 %

30-39 %

40-49 %

≥ 50 %

Forest 2000 2010 2000 2010

in hectares in %Wooded land 91,450 91,400 100.0 100.0

Public forest 40,950 42,000 44.8 46.0Private forest 50,500 49,400 55.2 54.0

7

Forest health status

23.4%

Trees considerably damaged

200020002000

201620162016

33.0%

Trees slightly damaged

43.6%

38.3%33.1%28.6%20182018201831.4%31.8% 36.8%

Trees with no damage

Wastes 2000 2010 2016 2017

in 1,000 tonnesTotal (without inert wastes) 285.26 344.26 354.62 366.53of which: Household wastes 238.85 300.01 310.89 321.71

in %recycling 21.6 26.9 27.8 28.5composting 14.2 19.5 20.7 21.7incineration with energy recovery 43.2 37.7 45.3 43.3disposal1 21.0 15.8 6.3 6.4

in kgHousehold wastes per capita 547 592 533 5401 before biological treatment

8

Energy

Final consumption of energy 2010 2016 2017 2017

in 1,000 tons oil equivalent in % of the totalBy productCoal products 67 52 45 1.1Natural gas (NCV) 675 628 618 14.8Electricity 567 547 550 13.1Heat 73 58 66 1.6Oil products 2,839 2,596 2,721 65.0Other (wood, biofuel) 108 160 184 4.4

By useTransport 2,630 2,434 2,557 61.1Industries 755 674 642 15.3Households 511 526 522 12.5Services 425 402 457 10.9Agriculture 8 6 6 0.2Total 4,328 4,042 4,184 100.0

999

Population structure

Population censuses 1991 2001 2011 20191

x 1,000Total population 384.4 439.5 512.4 613.9of which: Women 196.1 223.0 257.4 305.2Luxembourgers 271.4 277.2 291.9 322.4Foreigners 113.0 162.3 220.5 291.5of which: Portuguese 39.1 58.7 82.4 95.5

French 13.0 20.0 31.5 46.9Italians 19.5 19.0 18.1 22.5Belgians 10.1 14.8 16.9 20.0Germans 8.8 10.1 12.0 13.0Other EU countries 13.3 17.2 30.9 48.2Other 9.2 22.5 28.7 45.4

Foreigners in % 29.4 36.9 43.0 47.5

1 based on the population register on 1st January

Evolution of total, luxembourgish and foreign population

700600500400300200100

0

in 1,000 inhabitants

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Total population Luxembourgers Foreigners

POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT

10

Total population by age group on January 1st, 2019

+9085-8980-8475-7970-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-14

5-90-4

WomenMen

in % of total population 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Life expectancy 1990/92 2000/02 2010/12 2016/18

AgeMales 72.6 74.8 78.6 80.0Females 79.1 81.0 83.4 84.5

Population by age groups 1991 2001 2011 20191

in %Working age (15 to 64 years) 68.4 67.2 68.7 69.5of which: Women (15 to 64 years) 33.7 33.2 33.8 34.0Children (0 to 14 years) 17.3 18.9 17.3 16.1of which: Girls (0 to 14 years) 8.4 9.2 8.4 7.8Third age (65 years and more) 14.3 13.9 14.0 14.4of which: Women (65 years and more) 8.2 8.3 8.0 7.9

1 based on the population register on 1st January

11

Population movement 2000 2010 2017 2018

Live births 5,723 5,874 6,174 6,274of which: Girls 2,745 2,914 3,003 3,078

Luxembourgers 2,917 3,029 3,277 3,195Foreigners 2,806 2,845 2,897 3,079

Births per 1,000 inhabitants 13.1 11.6 10.3 10.3Luxembourgers 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.0Foreigners 17.3 13.0 10.1 10.6

Total fertility rate 1.78 1.63 1.39 1.38

Deaths 3,749 3,760 4,263 4,318of which: Women 1,859 1,857 2,132 2,123

Luxembourgers 3,202 3,049 3,284 3,298Foreigners 547 711 979 1,020

Deaths by some main causesDiseases of the circulatory system 1,442 1,256 … …Neoplasms 991 1,061 … …Suicides 66 74 … …

Deaths < 1 year 29 20 20 27Rates per 1,000 live births 5.1 3.4 3.2 4.3

Natural increase 1,969 2,114 1,911 1,956Luxembourgers -290 -20 -7 -103Foreigners 2,259 2,134 1,918 2,059

Marriages 2,148 1,749 1,908 1,896of which: Same sex marriages - - 42 48Divorces 1,030 1,083 1,192 1,230

Naturalisations 684 4,311 9, 030 11,876

1.38

Number of childrenper woman in 2018

30.8

Mean age at birthof first childin 2018

6,274

Birthsin 2018

4,318

Deathsin 2018

12

The most populated municipalities 1991 2001 2011 20191

x 1,000Luxembourg-City 75.8 76.7 95.1 119.2Esch-sur-Alzette 24.0 27.2 30.1 35.4Differdange 15.7 18.2 21.9 26.8Dudelange 14.7 17.3 18.8 21.1Pétange 12.4 13.7 16.1 19.2Sanem 11.6 13.0 14.5 17.3Hesperange 9.9 10.4 13.3 15.5Bettembourg 8.0 9.1 9.8 11.2Schifflange 6.9 7.8 8.9 11.2Käerjeng 6.7 8.7 9.7 10.4

1 based on the population register on 1st January

Households, buildings 1970 1991 2011 2018

x 1,000Private households 108.7 144.7 208.6 252.6of which: Foreign households 17.7 39.9 88.9 ...Inhabited buildings1 80.9 105.8 130.1 142.8

1 in 2018, estimate of the number of buildings (inhabited or not) on March 1st, 2017

Asylum seekers 2000 2010 2017 2018

Arrivals 627 796 2,318 2,205of which: Eritreans - 11 224 392

Syrians 2 19 361 227Iraqis 3 95 127 196Afghans 14 16 34 176Georgians 1 7 138 141

Returns … 202 411 230of which: Forced … 103 94 32

13

Labour Market

Employment and unemployment 2000 2010 2017 2018

x 1,000 (annual average)1. Domestic employment 264.0 359.6 432.7 448.9

Wage-earners 245.7 337.4 406.5 422.0Employers, self-employed, unpaid family workers 18.3 22.1 26.3 27.0

2. Net borderers (a) - (b) 79.3 141.2 175.4 184.4a. Non-resident borderers 88.1 152.4 188.0 197.0

Employers, self-employed, unpaid family workers 1.1 3.1 4.6 4.9Wage-earners 87.0 149.3 183.4 192.1of which from: France 46.5 74.1 92.9 98.2

Germany 16.4 37.5 45.4 47.2Belgium 24.2 37.8 45.0 46.7

b. Resident borderers 8.8 11.2 12.6 12.6of which: International agents and civil servants 7.8 10.1 11.3 11.3

3. National employment (1) - (2) 184.7 218.4 257.3 264.54. Unemployed 4.5 13.5 16.2 15.35. Active population (3) + (4) 189.2 231.9 273.4 279.76. Unemployment rate in % (4) : (5) 2.4 5.8 5.9 5.5

14

Domestic employment by branches 2000 2010 2017 2018

x 1,000Agriculture, forestry and fishing 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.7Mining and quarrying 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3Manufacturing 34.0 32.7 32.5 32.8Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5Water supply 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.8Construction 28.6 39.0 43.9 45.7Wholesale and retail trade; Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 37.2 44.7 52.3 53.6

Transportation and storage 17.5 24.2 26.1 27.4Accommodation and food service activities 12.9 16.5 20.8 21.7Information and communication 8.8 14.1 18.5 19.4Financial and insurance activities 30.1 40.9 47.3 48.8Real estate activities 1.4 2.9 4.2 4.6Professional, scientific and technical activities 15.4 29.7 42.1 44.3Administrative and support service activities 14.7 22.4 29.6 31.0Public administration and defence 15.0 20.1 24.6 25.5Education 11.7 16.5 19.2 19.9Human health and social work activities 17.6 32.1 45.4 47.0Arts, entertainment and recreation 2.1 3.4 4.2 4.4Other service activities 5.2 7.1 8.3 8.6

Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use

3.9 4.8 5.7 5.8

Total 264.0 359.6 432.7 448.9

151515

Social life

Income and poverty 2003 2010 2016 2017

Disposable income in EUR/monthMean disposable income per household 4,181 5,118 5,584 5,880Mean disposable income per adult-equivalent 2,472 3,033 3,285 3,464Median disposable income per household 3,532 4,350 4,666 4,957Median disposable income per adult-equivalent 2,148 2,694 2,818 3,006

Indicators of poverty and income inequalityAt-risk-of-poverty threshold (in EUR) 1,289 1,617 1,691 1,804At-risk-of-poverty rate (in %) 11.9 14.5 16.5 18.7

Wages 2005 2010 2017 2018

Average annual gross earnings by economic activity (Full time-workers) in EURIndustry and services 43,769 51,315 60,084 61,720

Men 45,941 53,577 62,603 64,170Women 38,874 46,543 55,106 56,951

Industry 40,488 46,314 51,130 53,009Men 42,064 47,828 52,588 54,543Women 31,810 37,540 43,143 44,830

Construction 31,468 36,179 41,770 42,847Men 31,419 36,050 41,514 42,589Women 32,336 38,049 45,204 46,302

Services 46,397 54,348 61,798 63,457Men 50,543 58,808 67,917 69,552Women 39,559 47,261 52,371 54,189

SOCIALCONDITIONS

16

Social minimum wage as from January 1st, 2019

Rate Minimum hourly gross wage

Minimum monthly gross wage

Index = 814.40 in % in EUR in EURQualified adults 120 14.49 2,507.70Unqualified adults 100 12.07 2,089.7517 to <18 years 80 9.66 1,671.8015 to <17 years 75 9.05 1,567.31

Mean consumption expenditure of households 1998 2010 2016 2017

in ‰Total 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0Food and non-alcoholic beverages 100.8 87.7 86.1 83.9Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 19.9 14.2 13.6 13.4Clothing and footwear 59.4 61.6 53.0 50.9Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 273.5 337.7 357.1 365.0Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house 82.2 62.7 63.0 60.6

Health 23.7 24.7 25.4 27.6Transport 155.0 144.9 134.3 132.0Communication 21.1 21.5 25.9 26.2Recreation and culture 87.0 73.0 64.7 62.3Education 1.7 3.5 7.9 7.8Hotels, cafes and restaurants 96.1 75.8 83.7 85.5Miscellaneous goods and services 79.6 92.8 85.4 84.7

Monthly mean disposable income per household

4,181 €

in 2003

5,118 €

in 2010

5,584 €

in 2016

5,880 €

in 2017

17

Social security & Health

Social security 2000 2010 2017 2018

Health and maternity insuranceNumber of insured 352,636 474,966 572,608 591,831Number of covered persons 535,424 699,539 835,002 858,357Regular expenditures (in millions of EUR) 1,069.4 2,217.1 3,101.9 3,263.9

Long term care insuranceNumber of covered persons 535,424 699,539 835,002 858,357Regular expenditures (in millions of EUR) 223.1 729.1 662.8 715.8

Pension benefitsNumber of contributors 247,253 347,886 420,162 436,318Number of pensions1 107,571 138,483 175,893 181,281Total amount paid in pensions (in millions of EUR) 1,476.5 2,849.5 4,183.1 4,359.4

Accident insuranceNumber of insured enterprises 24,413 40,760 50,330 …Claims made 34,127 33,990 32,833 …Claims paid and surrender of claims 16,083 15,317 13,574 …Expenditure on benefits (in millions of EUR)

Goods and services 25.6 36.7 38.3 36.8Cash payments 114.6 164.7 162.5 159.9

1 new methodology from 2010 onwards

Health (Situation on 1st January) 2000 2010 2017 2018

Practising physicians1 938 1,406 1,780 …General practitioners 279 414 534 …Specialists physicians (stomatologists included) ... 992 1,246 …

Practising dentists and dental specialists 260 422 581 …Veterinarians in activity 104 184 249 256Practising nurses and health care assistants ... 8,268 10,636 …Practising physicians per 1,000 inhabitants (without dentists) 2.1 2.8 3.0 …

Pharmacies 89 98 100 102Hospitals 18 13 12 13Hospital beds ... 2,821 2,795 2,755Beds per 1,000 inhabitants ... 5.6 4.7 4.6

1 physicians providing services directly to patients

…

18

Reported cases of epidemic 2010 2015 2017 2018

AIDS 7 10 8 4Tuberculosis 27 34 33 43Hepatitis C 73 61 94 69

Accidents

Road accidents 2000 2010 2017 2018

Accidents resulting in death or injury 901 876 955 947of which: Fatal accidents 68 29 24 31Casualties 1,333 1,217 1,297 1,254

Killed 76 32 25 36Injured 1,257 1,185 1,272 1,218of which: Seriously injured 400 266 256 273

Persons killed in road accidents

120

100

80

60

40

20

01980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Men Women

19

Crime

Offences 2000 2010 2017 2018

Total 22,816 30,532 36,721 37,288Offences against goods 16,407 18,531 22,319 22,915of which: Burglaries 2,951 2,413 3,465 3,667

Thefts linked to vehicles 3,886 2,018 2,424 2,568Other thefts 5,552 7,218 10,213 10,422

Offences against people 2,351 6,134 7,568 7,409of which: Acts of violence 1,269 2,682 3,617 3,494

Education1999/2000 2009/10 2016/17 2017/18

Pupils1

Elementary school:cycle 1 - Early childhood education 2,035 4,105 4,380 4,411cycle 1 - Pre-primary education 10,704 10,026 11,008 11,253cycles 2 to 4 - Primary education 30,475 32,312 32,931 33,048

Technical secondary education 20,962 25,184 27,221 26,703Secondary education 9,641 12,757 11,950 11,847University of Luxembourg 1,409 4,934 6,012 6,416Advanced technician's certificate training (B.T.S.) 205 274 762 763Students at foreign universities2 4,401 8,562 27,404 28,390of which: in Belgium 1,166 1,793 6,731 7,464

in France 885 1,310 6,705 5,827

Teachers1, 3, 4

Elementary school:cycle 1 - Early childhood education - 381 495 578cycle 1 - Pre-primary education 631 946 772 985cycles 2 to 4 - Primary education 1,949 3,498 4,448 4,397

Secondary and technical secondary education 3,031 4,096 4,504 4,569

1 without international and private schools which don't follow the official programs defined by the Ministry of Education2 students on grant3 including uncertificated teachers4 teachers working both in early childhood education and in pre-primary education are counted within pre-primary education

20

Politics

National elections 2004 2009 2013 2018

Number of seatsAll parties 60 60 60 60Christian Social People's Party (CSV) 24 26 23 21Democratic Party (DP) 10 9 13 12Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) 14 13 13 10The Greens (Déi Gréng) 7 7 6 9Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR)1 5 4 3 4The Left (Déi Lénk) . 1 2 2Pirate Party Luxembourg (Piratepartei) . . . 2

in %Women 23.3 20.0 28.0 25.0

1 2004: Action Committee for Democracy and Pensions Justice

Composition of the Chamber of Deputies (2018)

DP

LSAP

Déi Gréng

CSV

ADR

Déi Lénk

Piratepartei

European elections 2004 2009 2014 2019

Number of seatsAll parties 6 6 6 6Christian Social People's Party (CSV) 3 3 3 2Democratic Party (DP) 1 1 1 2Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) 1 1 1 1The Greens (Déi Gréng) 1 1 1 1

21

Local elections 1999 2005 2011 2017

Municipal councils (proportional representation) Number of seatsAll parties 420 475 555 600Christian Social People's Party (CSV) 126 151 170 209Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) 139 165 168 155Democratic Party (DP) 106 100 106 108The Greens (Déi Gréng) 23 41 74 77The Left (Déi Lénk) 6 1 7 8Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR)1 11 5 4 4Other parties 9 12 26 39

1 1999-2005: Action Committee for Democracy and Pensions Justice

Culture & Travelling

2015 2016 2017 2018

National libraryRegistered users 17,171 19,232 19,874 21,704Borrowed documents 89,079 89,716 83,992 83,522Onsite consultation 23,844 18,972 21,390 16,234Interlibrary loan 7,679 7,206 6,426 7,992Online consultation on eluxemburgensia.lu 904,125 953,442 1,147,083 1,815,856

Visits of cultural institutionsNational Museum of History and Art (MNHA) 60,222 63,974 63,988 82,913National Museum of National History (MNHN) 33,929 26,602 48,813 54,063Museum of Modern Art Grand-Duc Jean (MUDAM) 90,964 97,081 99,865 133,595Philharmonie Luxembourg 191,705 190,050 192,331 …Centre de Musiques Amplifiées (Rockhal) 178,000 230,824 … …Permanent exhibition "The Family of Man" 15,733 16,040 15,310 14,308

22

Leisure trips in the resident population aged 15 and over

2000 2010 2016 2017

Level of participation1 (in %) 74.6 74.6 80.9 80.7 among 15-24 years old 83.7 72.9 83.8 87.5 among 25-44 years old 82.5 80.4 85.1 86.3 among 45-64 years old 74.3 78.7 82.7 82.7 among 65 years and over 49.6 55.1 66.7 59.2Average duration in nights 9.6 7.1 7.2 7.5By plane (in %) 31.6 31.5 40.5 41.0By car (rented cars are excluded) (in %) 52.7 56.0 50.0 48.4Average cost by person (in EUR) 643 664 770 808

1 at least 1 overnight leisure trip during the reference year

Main destination countries for leisure trips (2017)

PF ESD

10.6% 8.6%13.7%19.4%

Business trips in the active population 2017

Level of participation1 (in %) 34.7 among men 40.6 among women 28.2 among employees, civil servants 33.5 among self-employed 47.3Average duration in nights 3.6Average cost by person (in EUR) 875

Main destinations (in %)Germany 17.8France 16.5Belgium 11.4United Kingdom 8.5

1 at least 1 overnight business trip during the reference year

232323

Business demography

Enterprises by economic activity in 2016 Active Births Deaths

Industry 930 48 53Construction 3,722 344 260Services 32,661 2,888 2,496

Wholesale and retail trade 7,408 584 646Transportation and storage 1,229 81 81Accommodation and food service activities 2,764 260 276Information and communication 2,304 270 196Financial and insurance activities 1,669 96 86Real estate activities 3,307 279 220Professional, scientific and technical activities 6,891 679 539Administrative and support service activities 2,167 250 184Other service activities (education, health, …) 4,922 389 268

Total 37,313 3,280 2,809

Enterprises, by employee size class, 2016

noemployees

1 to 4 employees

5 to 9 employees

≥ 10 employees

in %Active enterprises 39.0 37.2 10.5 13.2Enterprises births 59.5 35.6 3.8 1.1Enterprises deaths (2015) 58.2 36.4 3.9 1.5

ENTERPRISES

24

Insolvencies

1,250

1,000

750

500

250

0

Companies

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Largest private and public employers (Situation on January 1st, 2019)

Name Economic activity Persons employed

Government 28,326Municipal administration of the City of Luxembourg 4,061

Group Post Luxembourg Wired telecommunications activities 4,540Groupe CFL Passenger rail transport, interurban 4,360Groupe Cactus Retail sale in non-specialised stores 4,320Groupe Dussmann Luxembourg Cleaning activities 4,060BGL BNP Paribas Monetary intermediation 3,900Groupe ArcelorMittal Manufacture of basic iron and steel and

of ferro-alloys 3,810

Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations SA Manufacture of rubber products 3,430Luxair SA Passenger air transport 2,950Groupe PricewaterhouseCoopers Accounting, bookkeeping and auditing

activities; tax consultancy 2,870

Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Hospital activities 2,360Fondation Hôpitaux Robert Schuman Hospital activities 2,270Amazon.com Activities of head offices 2,250Groupe Deloitte à Luxembourg Accounting, bookkeeping and auditing

activities; tax consultancy 2,200

Sodexo Luxembourg SA Event catering and other food service activities 2,140Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch Hospital activities 2,020

25

Agriculture

General survey (Situation on 1st April)1 2000 2010 2017 2018

Number of farms (total) 2,728 2,201 1,943 1,906Farms of 2 ha and more 2,393 1,981 1,773 1,746Family farm labour force 5,554 4,321 … …Wage-earners 650 655 … …Total of agricultural labour in AWU2 4,292 3,726 … …Average area (in ha) 53.2 66.1 74.0 75.3Utilised agricultural area (in ha) 127,643 131,106 131,163 131,559of which in %: Cereals 22.4 22.7 21.3 20.0

Forage crops 20.4 19.5 20.8 21.8Meadows 16.4 6.7 7.7 8.0Pastures 34.8 44.7 43.6 43.4Vineyards 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Other crops 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.8

Bovine livestock 205,072 198,830 202,281 196,127Pig livestock 80,141 83,774 96,761 91,736Sheep livestock 7,971 9,084 8,478 8,654Equine livestock 3,154 4,601 4,692 4,662Hens and chickens 71,785 89,581 122,609 123,462

1 situation on 15 May in 2000 and 20102 Annual Working Unit

Crop production 2000 2010 2017 2018

in tonnesWheat, spelt, rye 64,787 88,592 82,415 84,457Other crops 88,043 77,593 66,874 69,779Colza 8,370 15,895 11,317 10,951Dried pulses 1,235 973 1,610 1,540Potatoes 27,858 19,531 21,284 16,211Maize (dry matter) 130,236 181,104 243,517 190,523Other forage crops (dry matter) 168,705 99,073 101,181 113,237Grassland and pasturage (dry matter) 639,715 479,438 439,549 456,511

Animal products 2000 2010 2017 2018

in 1,000 tonnesMeat1 24.4 31.7 33.7 32.9Milk 264.5 295.3 387.2 407.6

1 slaughterings + export of live animals - import of live animals

26

Livestock in 2018

196,127Bovine livestock

8,654Sheep livestock

91,736Pig livestock

123,462Hens and chickens

Forestry

2000 2010 2017 2018

in 1,000 m3

Production of raw wood 266 495 351 428Import of raw wood 753 906 832 738Export of raw wood 219 265 362 279

Wine-growing

1999/2000 2009/10 2017/18 2018/19

in 1,000 hectolitres1. Wine production 184.3 134.8 81.2 135.9

of which: Rivaner 73.7 47.2 23.8 38.7Auxerrois 19.9 19.5 12.0 21.9Pinot gris 17.9 13.9 11.6 17.9Pinot blanc 19.3 14.0 12.6 17.5Riesling 19.0 14.5 9.0 13.6Others 34.5 25.7 12.2 26.3

2. Import 255.6 222.0 232.0 …3. Stock variation 42.0 5.0 -10.8 …4. Total offer (4) = (1) + (2) - (3) 397.9 351.8 324.0 …5. Total Export 101.4 79.9 54.9 …

of which: Export 57.7 52.3 30.1 …Re-export 43.7 27.6 24.8 …

6. Domestic sales (6) = (4) - (5) 296.5 271.9 269.1 …

27

Handicraft

Enterprises EmployeesGroup of crafts 2010 2018 2010 2018

Food 263 240 5,684 7,642Fashion, health and hygiene 1,166 1,455 5,011 6,003Mechanics 839 1,168 9,362 13,489Construction 2,818 3,748 49,959 63,581Communication, multimedia and performing arts 346 616 2,763 3,407Miscellaneous craft activities 67 232 209 630Total 5,499 7,459 72,988 94,752

Industry

Steel industry 2000 2010 2017 2018

Production in 1,000 tonnesSteel 2,571 2,548 2,172 2,228Rolled steel products 3,360 2,506 2,408 2,555

Finished rolled products 2,918 2,276 2,016 2,166Shapes (joists, etc.) 1,058 1,272 1,444 1,480Merchants products 750 427 71 121Sheets and coils 1,033 577 501 565

Semi-finished products 442 230 392 389

28

Construction & Housing

Building permissions 2000 2010 2017 2018

Number of buildings 1,642 1,901 2,298 2,156Number of dwellings 3,412 3,892 5,048 5,468Interior space (1,000 m3) 5,450 5,496 7,812 7,403

Finished buildings 2000 2010 2015 2016

Buildings 1,066 1,018 1,459 1,530Dwellings 1,671 2,824 3,091 3,856of which: One-dwelling residential buildings 896 747 1,194 1,182

Two and more dwelling residential buildings 642 1,331 1,329 2,233

Total floor area (in m2) 594,297 703,549 829,127 938,959

Building price index 2010 2016 2017 2018

Index 100 in 1970 (annual average) 682.08 762.94 777.88 793.02

Average apartment prices 2010 2016 2017 2018

Average price (in EUR) 322,336 413,765 441,098 472,656Average floor area (in m2) 82 80 82 83Average price by floor area (in EUR/m2) 3,973 5,262 5,522 5,829

29

Tourism

General survey (Situation on December 31st) 2000 2010 2017 2018

Number of establishmentsHotels and similar establishments 343 262 225 228Camping sites 116 99 87 82

CapacitiesHotels and similar establishments (rooms) 8,103 8,415 7,262 7,472Camping sites (persons) 51,464 48,777 43,828 42,280

Arrivals of tourists x 1,000All types of accomodation 895 855 1,156 1,139Hotels and similar establishments 607 686 898 902Camping sites 192 125 151 132Other types of accomodation 96 44 107 105

Overnight stays of tourists x 1,000All types of accomodation 2,677 1,860 2,892 2,920Hotels and similar establishments 1,263 1,252 1,694 1,714Camping sites 1,042 487 939 952Other types of accomodation 372 120 259 254

Overnight stays of tourists by country of residence 2018

All types of accomodation

Z ZZ746,634

243,016

316,776

505,704

Netherlands

Belgium

Germany

1,108,115 Other Europeancountries

Rest of the world

30

Transport

Roads (Situation on 1st January) 2000 2010 2018 2019

in kmNational network 2,863 2,899 2,914 2,914of which: Motorways 115 152 165 165

Motor vehicles (Situation on January 1st) 2000 2010 2018 2019

Type of vehiclesTotal 318,914 411,443 482,001 496,326of which: Motorcycles 10,810 15,551 20,601 21,672

Passenger cars 263,475 331,503 403,282 415,145Motor coaches 984 1,623 1,963 2,042Lorries and vans 19,226 29,191 38,558 40,181Road tractors and special vehicles 5,258 8,006 7,906 8,322

Passenger cars by label (Situation on January 1st)

2000 2010 2018 2019

in %Volkswagen 13.8 13.9 14.2 14.1BMW 5.4 8.6 10.5 10.4Audi 5.7 7.6 8.7 8.6Mercedes 5.2 6.9 7.8 8.1Renault 8.7 7.5 6.1 5.9Peugeot 6.2 6.9 5.4 5.3Ford (D) 9.4 5.8 4.8 4.5Citroën 4.2 5.7 4.3 3.9Opel 7.4 4.5 3.8 3.6Hyundai 0.7 3.9 3.3 3.2Others 33.3 28.9 31.1 32.4

31

New motor vehicle registrations (four wheels and more)

2000 2010 2017 2018

Total 47,064 54,951 59,827 60,042of which: Passenger and estate cars 41,896 49,726 52,775 52,811

Road goods transport 2000 2010 2017 2018

in millions of tkm1

Total 7,476 8,655 7,269 7,858Inland traffic 448 572 721 807International traffic 7,028 8,083 6,548 7,051

1 tonne-kilometre

Railways 2000 2010 2017 2018

Utilised railways (in km) 274 275 271 271Passenger-km (in millions) 332 347 438 443Tonnes-kilometres (in millions) 683 300 213 223

Port of Mertert 2000 2010 2017 2018

in 1,000 tonnesLoading 491 147 260 248Unloading 1,109 685 595 579

Luxembourg airport 2000 2010 2017 2018

Passengers (in thousands) 1,669 1,630 3,599 4,037of which: Transit 7 - 0 -Freight (in tonnes) 500,811 705,370 897,569 895,079of which: Transit 3 732 437 314

32

Financial services

Banking (Situation on December 31st) 2000 2010 2017 2018

Number of banks 202 144 139 135Employees 23,035 26,255 26,111 26,317

of which: Women 10,613 12,040 11,857 11,873

in billions of EURTotal balance sheet 647.7 769.3 746.4 768.7Total credits 446.4 555.2 599.6 625.2

Bank credits 317.3 364.0 380.1 395.3Client credits 129.1 191.2 219.5 230.0

Total deposits 521.4 614.0 598.6 620.0Bank deposits 297.7 348.2 245.4 252.0Client deposits 223.7 265.8 353.1 368.0

Net profit (after taxes) 2.4 3.9 3.8 …

Banks by geographical origin (Situation on May 2019)

GermanyFranceChina

SwitzerlandLuxembourg / Belgium

ItalyJapan

SwedenUSA

United KingdomOther countries

Geographical origin24

31

1514

1211

66

55

4

Luxembourg Stock Exchange 2000 2010 2017 2018

Quotation lines 19,690 44,916 35,703 36,213Turnover (in millions of EUR) 2,820 219 198 177Price by ingot of 1 kg of fine gold (in EUR)1 9,510 33,920 34,930 36,170

1 end of year

33

Undertaking for collective investment (UCI) (Situation on December 31st)

2000 2010 2017 2018

Unit investment trust fundsNumber 914 1,944 1,518 1,426Net assets (in billions of EUR) 462.8 652.2 864.1 795.7

SICAV1 investment fundNumber 840 1,701 2,196 2,166Net assets (in billions of EUR) 404.0 1,540.1 3,222.4 3,184.7

Other UCI2

Number 31 22 44 42Net assets (in billions of EUR) 7.8 6.7 26.5 28.7

SICAR3 investment companiesNumber . . 286 274Net assets (in billions of EUR) . . 46.6 55.5

1 investment company with variable capital2 undertakings for collective investment3 investment company in risk capital

Insurance (Situation on December 31st) 2000 2010 2017 20181

in millions of EURTotal amount of gross premiums written 6,865.4 24,691.0 27,047.1 28,452.5of which: Life 6,028.6 22,384.9 23,323.0 23,898.3

Non-life 836.8 2,306.1 3,724.1 4,554.2of which Fire, natural elements 64.7 274.0 387.6 706.3

Accidents - Civil liability 189.1 462.8 642.5 708.0Legal protection insurance 9.3 37.1 34.2 30.7

NumberInsurance companies 93 95 90 96Reinsurance companies 264 244 204 198

1 provisional figures

Interest rates 2000 2010 2017 2018

in %Savings deposit rate1,2 3.35 0.88 0.27 0.26Mortgage rate1 5.98 2.31 1.87 1.84Legal interest rate 5.00 3.50 2.25 2.00

1 situation in December2 since 2003, deposits with agreed maturity up to 2 years

34

Telecommunications

Electronic communications (Situation on December 31st)

2010 2016 2017 2018

x 1,000Fixed telephone lines 272.0 276.4 275.5 273.5Mobile phone subscriptions 727.0 896.6 932.0 951.8High-speed internet access subscriptions 146.9 93.9 92.5 84.0Ultra high-speed internet access subscriptions 8.1 109.2 122.2 140.4

Information society

Access of households to information and communication technology systems (ICT)

2010 2016 2017 20181

in % of householdsAccess to Internet 90 97 97 93

in % of households having Internet accessE-commerce 51 70 71 62E-banking 63 73 78 70Social networks … 69 70 66Sending/receiving e-mails 93 95 94 881 break in series

Equipment of enterprises 2010 2016 2017 2018

in %Enterprises with Internet access 98 100 100 100Enterprises with Internet access and website 70 81 82 83

353535

National accounts

Main aggregates 2000 2010 2017 2018

Production approach in billions of EUR1. Output (at basic prices) 55.1 115.5 198.5 211.22. Intermediate consumption 34.5 79.4 148.4 157.93. Gross value added (1-2) 20.6 36.1 50.2 53.34. Taxes less subsidies on products 2.5 4.0 5.1 5.6

Expenditure approach5. Final consumption expenditure (6+7+8) 12.2 19.8 26.4 28.1

6. of households 8.5 12.4 16.0 16.97. of NPISH1 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.18. of general government 3.4 6.8 9.4 10.1

9. Gross fixed capital formation 5.1 7.2 10.5 10.810. Exports (11+12) 34.3 70.1 123.4 132.3

11. of goods 9.2 16.0 21.3 21.812. of services 25.1 54.1 102.1 110.5

13. Imports (14+15) 28.5 56.9 105.0 112.314. of goods 11.7 16.6 20.6 21.015. of services 16.8 40.3 84.3 91.3

Income approach16. Compensation of employees 10.7 19.9 27.9 29.617. Operating surplus 9.6 15.9 21.5 23.018. Taxes on production and imports 2.8 4.4 5.9 6.319. GDP2 (3+4=5+9+10-13=16+17+18) 23.1 40.2 55.3 58.920. Balance of compensation of employees with ROW3 -2.6 -6.7 -9.5 …21. Balance of taxes on production and imports with ROW3 0.0 0.0 0.1 …22. Balance of property income with ROW3 -0.8 -4.0 -6.5 …23. Gross national income (19+20+21+22) 19.7 29.4 39.2 …24. Consumption of fixed capital 2.8 4.9 7.0 …25. Net national income (23-24) 16.9 24.6 32.2 …26. GDP2 growth rate (in %) 8.2 4.9 1.5 2.627. Compensation of employees per capita (in thousands of EUR) 43.5 58.9 68.6 70.0European System of integrated economic Accounts (ESA 2010)1 NPISH: non-profit institutions serving households2 GDP: Gross Domestic Product3 ROW: rest-of-the-world

ECONOMY & FINANCES

36

Structure of the gross value added at basic prices (in %)

1995 2010 2018

Distributive trades; Lodging and catering; Transport and communication

Financial activities

Estate activities, rent servicesand services to companies

Agriculture

General government services

Education, health and social protection

Other public and private services

Construction

Iron-, steel- and metal processingindustry

Other manufacturing industry

Energy and water

1.98.0

5.8

15.2

24.0

22.9

6.2

1.9

3.4

1.0

9.6

1.99.6

5.8

18.1

28.2

23.4

5.3

1.5

1.2

0.3

4.7

1.910.6

6.1

19.8

26.5

22.6

5.4

1.2

1.9

0.3

3.7

37

Public finances

General government expenditure and revenue 2000 2010 2017 2018

General government consolidated in millions of EURExpenditure 8,726.9 17,728.8 23,764.4 25,378.1

Gross capital formation 892.5 1,892.1 2,296.1 2397.3Social benefits 3,906.7 8,345.3 11,197.3 11,713.6

Revenue 10,085.9 17,464.3 24,556.9 26,796.1Taxes on production and imports 3,055.8 4,914.7 6,569.0 7,105.7Current taxes on income, wealth, etc. 3,283.7 5,731.0 8,539.9 9,834.7Social contributions 2,527.9 4,886.0 6,917.7 7,277.2

Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (-) 1,359.0 -264.5 792.6 1,418.0

Central governmentExpenditure 6,358.3 12,939.2 17,183.8 18,506.8Revenue 7,027.1 11,995.6 16,909.3 18,592.3Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (-) 668.8 -943.6 -274.6 85.5

Local governmentsExpenditure 1,144.8 2,097.8 2,649.8 2,834.2Revenue 1,255.4 2,161.7 2,726.6 3,105.1Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (-) 110.6 63.9 76.8 270.9

Social security fundsExpenditure 3,522.3 7,276.5 9,836.2 10,353.1Revenue 4,101.9 7,891.7 10,826.6 11,414.6Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (-) 579.6 615.2 990.4 1,061.6

Government debt 2000 2010 2017 2018

in millions of EURCentral government 1,043.2 6,989.4 11,738.9 11,635.1of which: Foreign debt 129.5 2,763.0 5,396.7 5,389.6Local government 454.3 960.1 956.2 949.9Social security funds 0.3 0.0 2.0 1.6Total 1,497.7 7,949.5 12,697.1 12,586.6

38

External trade

Exports ImportsExports and Imports by product type 2017 2018 2017 2018

Group of divisions of the SITC1 in millions of EURTotal 12,660.5 12,998.0 18,983.8 19,838.61. Food and live animals 898.8 934.0 1,597.4 1,716.12. Beverages and tobacco 224.0 232.5 594.9 662.73. Crude materials, oils, fats and waxes 300.5 265.4 1,384.8 1,481.24. Mineral fuels, lubricants 9.9 12.5 1,574.1 2,022.95. Chemicals and related products 1,402.5 1,518.0 2,196.3 2,385.86. Manufactured goods in metals 3,015.3 3,222.6 1,555.5 1,721.87. Other manufactured goods classified

chiefly by material 1,944.2 1,984.8 1,366.1 1,428.9

8. Machinery 2,403.8 2,519.1 3,153.8 3,208.99. Transport equipment 1,240.4 1,171.6 3,654.6 3,199.510. Other manufactured goods 1,221.2 1,137.3 1,906.4 2,010.8

1 standard international trade classification

Trade balance

20,00017,50015,00012,50010,000

7,5005,0002,500

0-2,500-5,000-7,500

-10,000

in millions of EUR

1990 20001995 2005 2010 2015

Trade balance Exports Imports

39

Exports ImportsExternal trade by countries 2017 2018 2017 2018

in millions of EURTotal 12,660.5 12,998.0 18,983.8 19,838.6Europe 11,064.3 11,452.5 17,108.6 18,256.1European Union (28 countries) 10,346.7 10,831.7 16,929.5 18,067.3of which: Germany 3,523.5 3,559.5 5,036.7 5,286.5

France 1,862.8 1,909.1 2,321.4 2,355.8Belgium 1,471.5 1,545.8 6,407.0 7,105.2Netherlands 701.8 780.9 972.7 1,083.5United Kingdom 517.8 546.5 425.2 354.9Italy 502.2 531.5 448.1 521.0Poland 300.4 353.5 239.0 269.6Spain 299.7 321.0 224.7 195.3Austria 264.4 286.1 135.3 133.9Sweden 176.5 187.8 79.7 91.2Czech Republic 161.8 185.2 173.3 178.0Denmark 93.5 107.4 49.5 69.8Ireland 45.8 76.1 145.4 138.0Hungary 77.2 71.6 66.7 74.3Portugal 58.7 67.8 62.3 78.5Slovakia 47.3 54.1 26.6 27.1Finland 50.9 52.3 24.2 30.0Slovenia 38.4 34.4 12.3 18.0Greece 26.7 25.2 12.1 4.3

Other countries of Europe 717.6 620.8 179.1 188.8of which: Switzerland 319.7 179.7 120.0 122.1

Turkey 114.2 166.9 16.6 28.4Russia 151.9 128.7 14.4 15.5

Outside Europe 1,596.2 1,545.5 1,875.3 1,582.5America 672.0 629.8 972.5 759.7of which: USA 428.5 373.4 801.6 679.8

Canada 106.3 86.3 82.9 52.0Brazil 47.3 37.1 17.9 5.0

Asia 699.3 696.8 800.8 812.3of which: China 214.8 222.0 165.7 231.0

Japan 77.4 78.5 491.6 413.6South Korea 48.2 47.9 22.0 41.9India 30.3 38.0 5.6 6.3Hong Kong 32.8 29.4 9.0 9.0

Africa 177.2 189.2 84.8 5.7Oceania 30.1 25.8 5.2 4.5Others 17.6 3.9 12.0 0.3

40

Balance of current account

Current account 2010 20161 20171 20181

in millions of EUR1. Goods - bop concept (balance) -1,558 -2,074 -3,155 -2,847

Exports 14,883 17,841 17,899 18,658Imports 16,441 19,915 21,054 21,505

2. Services (balance) 12,711 20,993 21,414 23,309Exports 47,122 88,478 91,523 97,395Imports 34,411 67,485 70,109 74,086

3. Primary income (balance) -8,599 -16,901 -15,223 -17,2283.a (of which:) Compensation of employees (balance) -6,708 -8,906 -9,446 -9,854

Credit 1,225 1,492 1,618 1,650Debit 7,932 10,397 11,064 11,505

3.b (of which:) Investment income (balance) -1,943 -7,938 -5,693 -7,267Credit 109,874 189,550 207,498 217,599Debit 111,817 197,488 213,191 224,866

4. Secondary income (balance) 128 678 -280 -443Credit 6,597 8,503 9,106 10,722Debit 6,469 7,825 9,386 11,165

Current account balance(1 + 2 + 3 + 4) 2,682 2,696 2,755 2,791

1 provisional figures

Balance of courant account

25,00020,00015,00010,0005,000

0-5,000

-10,000-15,000-20,000

in millions of EUR

20082007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Balance of goodsBalance of services

Balance of primary and secondary incomesBalance of current account

41

Exports ImportsInternational trade in services by partner 2017 2018 2017 2018

in millions of EURTotal (Rest of the World) 91,523 97,395 70,109 74,086Europe 75,544 80,767 52,257 54,660European Union (EU28) 67,164 72,476 46,063 49,332of which: Germany 16,537 18,062 11,308 11,674

United Kingdom 13,148 14,474 12,432 13,156France 10,340 11,058 5,770 6,078Italy 7,898 8,553 3,418 3,957Belgium 5,286 5,423 2,630 2,764Spain 3,030 3,741 1,545 1,842Netherlands 2,836 3,071 1,960 2,071Sweden 1,802 1,791 1,490 1,418Ireland 930 1,062 2,334 3,189EU institutions 805 764 15 15Finland 538 626 176 158Austria 590 614 438 433Denmark 492 512 319 311Portugal 538 457 354 359Poland 486 403 524 567Czech Republic 336 366 259 234Hungary 311 223 281 230Cyprus 194 221 98 107Greece 226 182 140 143Romania 206 161 170 211

Other European countries 8,380 8,291 6,194 5,328of which: Switzerland 6,273 6,246 5,214 4,399

Norway 266 278 280 265America 7,722 8,012 12,049 12,821of which: United States 4,764 4,623 9,831 10,559

Cayman Islands 547 740 34 36Canada 477 554 209 282

Asia 6,664 7,095 5,411 6,237of which: Hong Kong 1,229 1,266 892 953

Singapore 888 1,124 3,375 4,166Japan 997 1,005 288 285China 846 937 203 203

Africa 1,010 974 244 249of which: South Africa 247 257 36 67Oceania 544 514 80 61of which: Australia 349 345 41 31International Organisations 39 32 68 58

42

Prices & Inflation

National consumer price index 2016 2017 2018

change rate in %General index (= Inflation rate) 0.3 1.7 1.5Food, non alcoholic beverages 1.5 2.8 2.2Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 1.7 1.6 1.6Clothing and shoes 1.2 1.3 0.7Housing, water, electricity and combustible -1.6 1.7 3.2Furniture, household outfit and repair 0.6 1.1 0.8Health 0.1 1.5 -0.8Transport -0.7 1.6 2.1Communication 0.3 -2.6 -2.8Leisure, spectacle and culture 0.3 2.5 2.3Education 2.2 2.0 4.1Hotels, cafes and restaurants 1.4 1.8 2.4Miscellaneous goods and services 1.0 2.0 -0.3

Consumer price index

900800700600500400300200100

121086420-2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Index 100 in 1948 in %

General index evolution Annual Inflation rate

Adjustment dates in the wage indexation system

Date of the adjustment Wage index Wage increase in %01/08/2018 814.40 2.501/01/2017 794.54 2.501/10/2013 775.17 2.501/10/2012 756.27 2.501/10/2011 737.83 2.5

43

Consumer prices by June 2019 (in EUR)

Bread500 g slided

2.36

Eggsa dozen

2.73

Coffee250 g

3.46

Croissant1 piece

1.21

Butter250 g

2.30

Mineral water without fizz, 1.5 litre

0.58

Porc chop1 kg

11.37

Apples1 kg

2.75

Medical consultation general practitioner

46.10

Fresh milk1 litre

1.50

Potatoes5 kg

9.08

Public transportsingle ticket

2.00

Consumer price index for fuel (annual average)

16014012010080604020

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Index 100 in 2015

Fuel oil Diesel Motor petrol

44

Consumption

Final consumption of households on the economic territory (including VAT and self-consumption)

2016 2017 2016 2017

in millions of EUR in %1. Food, non-alcoholic beverages 1,736 1,740 9.58 9.172. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 1,494 1,533 8.24 8.073. Clothing and shoes 1,004 988 5.54 5.204. Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 4,450 4,617 24.54 24.325. Furniture, household outfit and repair 972 1,073 5.36 5.656. Health 562 619 3.10 3.267. Transport 2,605 2,754 14.37 14.518. Communication 269 267 1.48 1.419. Leisure and culture 1,098 1,121 6.05 5.9010. Education 203 208 1.12 1.1011. Hotels, cafés and restaurants 1,341 1,366 7.39 7.1912. Miscellaneous goods and services 2,396 2,697 13.22 14.21

Total 18,131 18,984 100.00 100.00

Individual consumption of residents 2014 2015 2016 2017

in millions of EUR1. Actual individual consumption on the

economic territory 17,800 17,771 18,131 18,984

2. Actual individual consumption of non-residentson the economic territory 4,404 3,971 4,076 4,375

3. Actual individual consumption ofresidents abroad 1,257 1,301 1,344 1,379

4. Actual individual consumptionof residents (4) = (1) - (2) + (3) 14,653 15,100 15,400 15,988

45

International comparison

Population and employment Totalpopulation1

2018

Population density

2017

Employ-ment2

2018

Employment rate3

2018

Unemploy-ment rate

2018

x 1,000 inhabit/km2 x 1,000 in % in %European Union (28 countries) 512,379 118 219,494 73.2 7.0Austria, AT 8,822 107 4,102 76.2 4.9Belgium, BE 11,399 374 4,646 69.7 6.0Bulgaria, BG 7,050 64 3,055 72.4 5.2Croatia, HR 4,105 74 1,610 65.2 8.4Cyprus, CY 864 93 387 73.9 8.4Czech Republic, CZ 10,610 137 5,124 79.9 2.2Denmark, DK 5,781 137 2,625 78.2 5.0Estonia, EE 1,319 30 622 79.5 5.4Finland, FI 5,513 18 2,392 76.3 7.4France, FR 66,926 106 26,316 71.3 9.1Germany, DE 82,792 234 39,551 79.9 3.4Greece, GR 10,741 82 3,737 59.5 19.3Hungary, HU 9,778 107 4,383 74.4 3.7Ireland, IE 4,830 70 2,120 74.1 5.8Italy, IT 60,484 203 22,480 63.0 10.6Latvia, LV 1,934 31 868 76.8 7.4Lithuania, LT 2,809 45 1,313 77.8 6.2Luxembourg, LU 602 231 275 72.1 5.5Malta, MT 476 1,495 225 75.0 3.7Netherlands, NL 17,181 501 7,949 79.2 3.8Poland, PL 37,977 124 16,051 72.2 3.9Portugal, PT 10,291 113 4,575 75.4 7.0Romania, RO 19,531 84 8,294 69.9 4.2Slovakia, SK 5,443 112 2,519 72.4 6.5Slovenia, SI 2,067 103 950 75.4 5.1Spain, ES 46,658 93 19,002 67.0 15.3Sweden, SE 10,120 25 4,784 82.6 6.3United Kingdom, UK 66,274 272 30,098 78.7 4.0

Iceland, IS 348 3 176 86.5 2.8Norway, NO 5,296 17 2,489 79.2 3.9Switzerland, CH 8,484 212 4,276 82.5 4.9

1 population on 1st January2 European Union Labour Force Survey (LFS), employment by place of residence, males and females: 20-64 years3 males and females, 20-64 years

46

Employment rate in 2018

1009080706050403020100

in %

SE CZ DE EE NL UK DK LT LV FI AT PT SI MT HU IE CY UE BG SK PL LU FR RO BE ES HR IT GR

GDP per inhabitant in 2018

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Purchasing Power Standards (Index 100 = EU-28)

LU IE NL AT DK DE SE BE FI FR UK UE MT IT ES CZ CY SI EE LT SK PT PL LV HU GR RO HR BG

47

National accounts GDP at market prices 2018

GDP per inhabitant

2018

Real growth of

GDP2018

Private consump.

expenditure2018

Consump. of general

government2018

in bil.of EUR

in PPS1 in % in %of GDP

in %of GDP

European Union (28 countries) 15,884 100 2.0 … 20.1Austria 386 127 2.7 51.7 19.2Belgium 451 115 1.4 51.1 23.3Bulgaria 55 50 3.1 61.9 16.5Croatia 51 63 2.6 57.5 19.7Cyprus 21 87 3.9 67.5 15.2Czech Republic 208 90 3.0 47.5 20.0Denmark 298 126 1.5 47.2 24.6Estonia 26 81 3.9 49.9 19.7Finland 232 110 1.7 53.8 22.9France 2,353 104 1.7 53.9 23.4Germany 3,386 123 1.4 52.4 19.5Greece 185 68 1.9 68.0 19.1Hungary 132 70 4.9 49.1 19.1Ireland 318 187 6.7 30.9 11.9Italy 1,757 95 0.9 60.7 18.8Latvia 30 70 4.8 58.8 17.7Lithuania 45 81 3.5 62.6 16.5Luxembourg 59 254 2.6 30.6 17.1Malta 12 98 6.7 43.8 16.2Netherlands 774 129 2.6 44.1 24.2Poland 496 71 5.1 58.2 17.7Portugal 202 76 2.1 65.0 17.3Romania 203 64 4.1 62.4 16.6Slovakia 90 78 4.1 54.4 19.5Slovenia 46 87 4.5 50.8 17.8Spain 1,208 91 2.6 57.7 18.4Sweden 467 121 2.4 44.1 26.2United Kingdom 2,394 104 1.4 66.1 18.2

Iceland 22 133 4.6 … 23.6Japan … 98 … … …Norway 368 150 1.4 … 23.5Switzerland 597 157 2.5 … 11.8United States … 143 … … …

1 Purchasing Power Standards. Index 100 = EU-28

48

Prices and finances Harmonised inflation

2018

Price level index

2018

Social protection

expenditures2016

General government

consolid. debt2018

in % EU-28=100 in % of GDP in % of GDPEuropean Union (28 countries) 1.9 100.0 28.1 …Austria 2.1 109.6 29.9 73.8Belgium 2.3 111.1 29.6 102.0Bulgaria 2.6 50.6 17.5 22.6Croatia 1.6 68.2 21.3 74.6Cyprus 0.8 88.8 19.1 102.5Czech Republic 2.0 70.8 18.9 32.7Denmark 0.7 137.9 31.1 34.1Estonia 3.4 80.1 16.6 8.4Finland 1.2 122.5 31.9 58.9France 2.1 110.3 34.3 98.4Germany 1.9 104.3 29.4 60.9Greece 0.8 84.2 26.2 181.1Hungary 2.9 62.4 19.1 70.8Ireland 0.7 127.3 15.8 64.8Italy 1.2 100.6 29.5 132.2Latvia 2.6 73.8 15.1 35.9Lithuania 2.5 65.7 15.4 34.2Luxembourg 2.0 126.6 21.9 21.4Malta 1.7 82.2 16.4 46.0Netherlands 1.6 112.1 29.5 52.4Poland 1.2 57.4 20.3 48.9Portugal 1.2 86.8 25.1 121.5Romania 4.1 52.8 14.6 35.0Slovakia 2.5 70.2 18.3 48.9Slovenia 1.9 84.9 23.3 70.1Spain 1.7 92.5 24.3 97.1Sweden 2.0 118.5 29.6 38.8United Kingdom 2.5 116.5 26.2 86.8

Iceland 0.7 156.1 … …Japan … 104.8 … …Norway 3.0 147.7 29.0 …Switzerland 0.9 151.9 28.1 …United States 2.2 108.4 … …

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