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Citation preview
One Flew Over the Cuckoorsquos
NestKen Kesey
Inspiration
Kesey actually worked as a night warden on a ward in a mental hospital He was so determined to get the feel of being a patient that he underwent ECT
While at Stanford Kesey volunteered for medical studies on the effects of psychoactive drugs (often hallucinogens) He used these experiences to inform how Chief would see the world
Kesey
Adaptations
Cuckoorsquos nest was adapted for both stage and screen
The 1975 film won the ldquobig fiverdquo Oscars Best film best adapted screenplay best actress best actor and best director
Kesey unsuccessfully sued film producers in 1975 because they changed the point of viewfrom the original story
Narration
Narration
Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden
He has had too much electroshock therapy and too many drugs
Kesey probably did too
Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist
Combine Harvester
How it workshellip
Combine Harvester
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine that harvests all types of cereals oil seeds and legumes through four main steps
The crop is cut and directed into a rotating chamber with a series of beaters going the opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper fortransfer and the debris falls out the rear
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Inspiration
Kesey actually worked as a night warden on a ward in a mental hospital He was so determined to get the feel of being a patient that he underwent ECT
While at Stanford Kesey volunteered for medical studies on the effects of psychoactive drugs (often hallucinogens) He used these experiences to inform how Chief would see the world
Kesey
Adaptations
Cuckoorsquos nest was adapted for both stage and screen
The 1975 film won the ldquobig fiverdquo Oscars Best film best adapted screenplay best actress best actor and best director
Kesey unsuccessfully sued film producers in 1975 because they changed the point of viewfrom the original story
Narration
Narration
Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden
He has had too much electroshock therapy and too many drugs
Kesey probably did too
Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist
Combine Harvester
How it workshellip
Combine Harvester
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine that harvests all types of cereals oil seeds and legumes through four main steps
The crop is cut and directed into a rotating chamber with a series of beaters going the opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper fortransfer and the debris falls out the rear
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Kesey
Adaptations
Cuckoorsquos nest was adapted for both stage and screen
The 1975 film won the ldquobig fiverdquo Oscars Best film best adapted screenplay best actress best actor and best director
Kesey unsuccessfully sued film producers in 1975 because they changed the point of viewfrom the original story
Narration
Narration
Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden
He has had too much electroshock therapy and too many drugs
Kesey probably did too
Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist
Combine Harvester
How it workshellip
Combine Harvester
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine that harvests all types of cereals oil seeds and legumes through four main steps
The crop is cut and directed into a rotating chamber with a series of beaters going the opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper fortransfer and the debris falls out the rear
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Adaptations
Cuckoorsquos nest was adapted for both stage and screen
The 1975 film won the ldquobig fiverdquo Oscars Best film best adapted screenplay best actress best actor and best director
Kesey unsuccessfully sued film producers in 1975 because they changed the point of viewfrom the original story
Narration
Narration
Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden
He has had too much electroshock therapy and too many drugs
Kesey probably did too
Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist
Combine Harvester
How it workshellip
Combine Harvester
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine that harvests all types of cereals oil seeds and legumes through four main steps
The crop is cut and directed into a rotating chamber with a series of beaters going the opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper fortransfer and the debris falls out the rear
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Narration
Narration
Be patient with your narrator Chief Bromden
He has had too much electroshock therapy and too many drugs
Kesey probably did too
Keep in mind that our narrator is not the same as our protagonist
Combine Harvester
How it workshellip
Combine Harvester
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine that harvests all types of cereals oil seeds and legumes through four main steps
The crop is cut and directed into a rotating chamber with a series of beaters going the opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper fortransfer and the debris falls out the rear
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Combine Harvester
How it workshellip
Combine Harvester
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine that harvests all types of cereals oil seeds and legumes through four main steps
The crop is cut and directed into a rotating chamber with a series of beaters going the opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper fortransfer and the debris falls out the rear
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
How it workshellip
Combine Harvester
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine that harvests all types of cereals oil seeds and legumes through four main steps
The crop is cut and directed into a rotating chamber with a series of beaters going the opposite direction The grain is dislodged falls to the bottom separated from debris by sieves and wind The grain is transferred to a hopper fortransfer and the debris falls out the rear
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Motifs
1048710 Fog
1048710 Hands
1048710 Naturepurity
1048710 Machinecombine
1048710 Christsavior
1048710 Sanityinsanity
1048710 Laughter
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Images of a ward -
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Mental Hospitals 1930-1960s
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Conditions could behellip
Dirty
Cold
Overcrowded
No privacy
No compassion
Sound like prison
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
On the inside
Patients were provided with ldquoadequate carerdquo (and segregated) which often times led to inadequate care poor facilities and loss
of dignity
1048710They were usually given uniforms and daily ldquochoresrdquo In fact it wasnrsquot until 1973 that New York state banned public hospitals from requiring patients to work in exchange for their room and board
1048710Families were often ashamed of the patients and would deny their existence
1048710Ultimately some of these hospitals became holding areas for a personrsquos entirelife
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Medical Care
Deaths and injuries sometimes resulted from both appropriate and inappropriate treatments
1048710 Patients were treated with medically approved procedures like being put n tanks of ice-cold water spun in chairs for hours and forced medications (powerful psychoactive drugs)
1048710 Patients were also ldquotreatedrdquo with non-medically approved procedures
which were simply designed to control them For example patients could be shackled to walls placed in seclusion (most often without clothing) or placed in restraints (being strapped to a bed with leather restraints often in a spread-eagle position)
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Treatment of the mentally ill
Group therapy
Drug Therapy
Electroshock Therapy
Lobotomy
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Drug Therapy
Thorazine
1048710 the first psychotropic drug was a milestone in treatment therapy making it possible to calm unruly behavior anxiety agitation and confusion without using physical restraints
1048710 chemical restraintrdquo
Chlorpromazine
1048710 schizophrenic
psychosis or manic depressive disorder
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Electric Shock Therapy or Electric Convulsive Therapy
Became very popular 1930rsquos- 40rsquos
1048710 Originated to control negative behaviors in animals (electroshock)
1048710 A doctor had noticed that schizophrenic epileptics who had a seizure often were more ldquonormalrdquo after the seizuremdash which led to chemical convulsives and ultimately electroconvulsive treatment
1048710 Used to alter the chemistry in the human brain to produce desired behaviors
1048710 Cruelly it was used as a control device within most wards
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
ESTECT
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
ECTEST
Used to treat some forms of severe depression
Used to ldquocontrolrdquo the elderly
Used on children in an attempt to correct their wild andor unwanted behaviors
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Lobotomy
Surgical procedure for cutting nerve pathways in the frontal lobes of the brain The operation has been performed on mentally ill patients whose behavioral patterns were not improved by other forms of treatment it was supposed to be a last resort The procedure was pioneered by Nobel laureate Egas Moniz in the 1930s
1048710 Between 1939-1955 over 100000 lobotomies were performed in the United States
1048710 If performed correctly disconnecting the frontal lobes there caused no loss of intellect no impairment of memory and no problems with speech or gait
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Lobotomy
bullThe goal was to cut the nerves that run from front of the brain to the rear A techniques was devised that involved drilling two holes on either side of the forehead insert a surgical knife and sever the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Ice Pick Lobotomy
bullInvented in 1936 - Walter Freeman
bullInsert an ordinary ice pick above each eye of a patient with only local anesthetic drive it through the thin bone with a light tap of a mallet swish the pick back and forth then remove
bullA formerly difficult patient is now passive
VOILA
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Abuse of lobotomy
Freeman developed what others called assembly line lobotomies going from one patient to the next with his gold-plated ice pick even having his assistants time him to see if he could break the lobotomy speed record It is said that even some seasoned surgeons fainted at the sight
1048710Doctors would recommend the procedure for everything from psychosis to depression to neurosis to criminality
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Every patient probably loses something by this operation some spontaneity some sparkle some flavor of the personalityrdquo
1048710 The aim was that the patient might be transformed from a disturbed to a quiet clement [insane person] There was no intention to help the patient The goal was only to eradicate the behavior which others found undesirable
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
ldquoMercy killing of the psycherdquo
1048710 The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions such as love concern for others empathy self-insight creativity initiative autonomy rationality abstract reasoning judgment future planning foresight will-power determination and concentration
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Deinstitutionalization mid ndash 1960s
A radical deinstitutionalization revolution began
1048710 It was supposed to end the cruel and inadequate care of institutions
1048710 Individuals would live in their communities and have a normalized life
1048710 Group homes residential care facilities and rooming houses were developed
1048710 The movement helped to break up the control that was happening in the hospitals
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Questionshellip
What constitutes a mentally ill person
How does one diagnose mentally ill vs eccentric or ldquodifferentrdquo people
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
Food for thoughthellip
Does society force men to act a certain way
Rules ndash good or bad
Do institutions of government religion etc control social norms
