Insert the title of your presentation here

Insert the title of your presentation here

Presented by Name HereJob Title - Date

Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements ofL-Category Vehicles(L-EPPR)

Version 1

Andrew Nathanson and Matthias Seidl 07th June 2013

Informal Document: EPPR-03-06e(3rd EPPR Session – June 7, 2013)

Page 2

Introduction to the study1

2

Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys3

Contents

Issues and options: Test types II and V4

Priority and structure of future legislation

Page 3


2


Contents



Introduction to the study

Page 4

The EC is reaching the end of the process of revising type approval procedures for L-category vehicles- powered cycles, mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and quadricycles

The EC wishes, as far as possible, to replace the legislative text in the REPPR with references to international regulations to increase harmonisation

The “Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements of L-category vehicles” (EPPR) informal working group has been established within the “Working Party on Pollution and Energy” (GRPE) at the UN for this task

On behalf of the EC, an independent consortium comprising of TRL and Ecorys are performing a study to propose changes to various UN regulations to achieve this

Introduction: Areas to be assessed

Page 5

Classification and definitions- L-category vehicle classification (L1e-B, L3-A1 etc.)

Propulsion performance- Maximum vehicle speed- Maximum propulsion power and torque (engine test)- Maximum peak power

Tailpipe related: Emissions over a driving cycle- Type I test – Emissions after cold start- Type II test – Idle emissions- Type VII test – Energy efficiency, i.e. CO2 emissions, fuel/energy consumption,

electric range- Type V test – Durability of pollution control devices- Type VIII test – OBD (environmental part)

Non tailpipe related: Emissions from vehicle- Type III test – Crankcase emissions- Type IV test – Evaporative emissions

Page 6


2


Contents




Page 7

1. First- Test type I: Emissions after cold start- Test type IV: Evaporative emissions- Test type VIII: OBD

2. Second - Test type V: Durability of pollution control devices- Test type III: Crankcase emissions

3. Third- Test type VII: Energy efficiency, i.e. CO2 emissions, fuel/energy

consumption, electric range- Test type II: Idle emissions

4. Forth- Propulsion performance requirements (PPR)

5. Fifth - Classification of vehicles and definitions – Maintain definitions list

throughout, for consistency within L-category (and M/N if possible)

Possible UN legislation locations 1998 agreement

Categories

Definitions

Type I

Type II

Type VII

Type V

Type VIII

(Type VI)

Max. vehicle speed

Max. propulsionpower / torque

Type III

Type IV

Categorisation

Tailpipe related(all others use Type I test cycle)

Non-tailpipe related

Propulsive performance

Page 8

A

GTR No. 2

S.R.1

GTR New α

GTR New β

B

GTR No. 2

S.R.1

GTR New α

GTR New β

GTR New γ

C

GTR No. 2

S.R.1

GTR New α

GTR New β

GTR New γ

GTR New δ

Separate annexes for two-wheelers and three-wheelers

Empty annex for four-wheelers, implement in 1958 agreement first

Max. vehicle speed

Max. propulsion power / torque

A B

Categories

Definitions

A

Type I

Type II

Type VII

(Type VI)

Type V

Type VIII

Type III

Type IV

Possible UN legislation locations 1958 agreement

Categorisation

Test Types

Propulsive performance

Page 9

B

New Reg.

New Reg.

A

Single Regulation

R.E.3R68

New

R85

New Reg.

New Reg.

…

Other possible arrangements

?

AlsoPartial Update

R40/47

Quadricycle work could be applied under 1958 agreement first

Critical path for proposals to UN legislation

Prioritised test areas are analysed first: i.e. tests within GTR No. 2, Evaporative, OBD

All except propulsive performance currently being worked on

Page 10

Analysis of world legislation

In depth analysis

Generate base text, combined with areas for discussion and options

Input stakeholder’s views from: questionnaire, EPPR and communications

Included chosen options into first draft of proposals

Type I

Type IV

CategoriesType II

Type III

Type V

Type VII Type VIII PPR

Page 11


2


Contents



Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys

Page 12

Test types I to VIII, classification, PPR

Identify issues

Cover known issues

Identify technical issues

Identify harmonisation issues

Develop options to resolve each issue

Select preferred options

Publish resolved issues (with options, preferred

option, justification)

EPPR group discussion

Publish proposals

UN legislation and proposals

Regional leg. and proposals

Standards

Publish unresolved issues

Detail: Selection of preferred options

Page 13

Start ‘Select preferred options’

Define order of priority of legislative sources

Order options according to these priorities

Justify selection

End ‘Select preferred options’

1. UN legislation(L/M, 1998, 1958)

2. Regional legislation(EU, USA, Japan, India,China, other)

3. Standards(ISO, BS, IEC, EN, etc.)

Assess options: Start from top until a viable

option is identified

Technical expertise

Stakeholder input

Contracting parties

No viable option identified: Requires

further EPPR group input

Questionnaire results

Page 14


2


Contents



Page 15

Test type II – Idle emissions

Compression ignition (CI) engines- Include free acceleration test

procedure

Hybrid vehicles- Include provisions for hybrid

vehicles

Bi-fuel vehicles- Test on both fuels- Exempt emergency tanks?

Focus for test type II currently put on UN GTR No. 2

Test equipment- Requirements and calibration

as for test type I or in-service testing?

Measured parameters- Add HC and O2?

Idling speed adjustment- Require measurements at all

possible settings?

Page 16

Test type V – Durability of pollution control devices

Analysis currently focussed on EU REPPR, US CFR and UN R83

Hybrid vehicles- Operating mode- Battery charging frequency

Driving schedules- US AMA- EU SRC-LeCV- Alternative selection

Test distances- US or EU- Link to driving schedule

Reduced mileage accumulation- Partial mileage accumulation- Mathematical procedure

Test equipment- Dynamometer- Test track

Emissions tests- Number of type I test points- Number of tests at each test

point- Periodically regenerating

pollution control systems

Page 17

Thank youPresented by: Andrew Nathanson and Matthias Seidl, TRL

L-EPPR: 07th June 2013

Andrew Nathanson: [email protected]+44 (0)1344 77-0504

Matthias Seidl: [email protected] +44 (0)1344 77-0549

General email address for project team:[email protected]

Annexes

Key Dates- Milestones past- Future

Issues and options previously presented- Classification of vehicles- Test type I – Emissions after cold start- Test type III – Crankcase emissions- Test type IV – Evaporative emissions

Page 18

Key dates: Milestones past

Page 19

December 2012: Publicising study Email to stakeholders

10 January 2013 Questionnaire published by Ecorys and TRL

18 January 2013: GRPE (65th session) & EPPR (1st session)

1st meeting of the L-EPPR group, review among others: Rules of Procedure (RoP), Terms of Reference (ToR) & Draft roadmap

12 – 15 March 2013: WP.29 (159th session) Progress report

25 – 26 April 2013: EPPR (2nd session) Review: RoP, ToR, Mandate, RoadmapDiscuss: Configuration of new legislation

From 2nd – 3rd EPPR conference calls Conference calls to discuss ToR, RoP, Mandate and roadmap

Key dates: Future

Page 20

4-7 June 2013: GRPE (66th session) & EPPR (3rd session)

Adoption of RoP, ToR & roadmap

12-15 November 2013: WP.29 (161th session)Adoption of GRPE decision and progress report

Autumn 2013: EPPR (4th session)Begin main work

2013-2016: Multiple EPPR group and subgroup meetings and/or conference callsRegularly reporting to GRPE and the Administrative Committees AC.1 and AC.3 in WP29

2014-2016: Adopt new and/or amendments to UN Reg(s) and GTR(s);

2016+Regions accede to agreed updated legislation

Page 21

Classification of vehicles

Classification- Align category limits with EU:

Max. speed, power and mass?- Add categorisation

parameters: Dimensions, seating positions and power limits?

- Define further sub-categories based on GTR No 2 or European system?

- Include quadricycles in category 3 (S.R.1), i.e. create categories 3-6 and 3-7?

Definitions- Reference test procedures for

max. speed and power?- Insert definitions?

- Vehicle masses and dimensions- ‘Engine cylinder capacity’- Additional terms for Regulations and

GTRs

Scope- Exclude slow moving vehicles,

vehicles for the physically handicapped etc. from categories L/3?

UN Resolution R.E.3 defines categories L1 to L7 (1958 agreement)

UN Resolution S.R.1 defines categories 3-1 to 3-5 (1998 agreement)

Test type I – Cold start emissions

The 1st session on the EPPR group emphasised prioritising UN GTR No. 2. This currently contains test types I, II and VII

Page 22

Updates to Technology- Power in test configuration- Pure electric vehicles- Hybrid vehicles

Alternative fuel sources- E5, B5, E85, LPG, NG,

Hydrogen, and H2NG mixtures

Harmonised test fuel- Petrol: E5, E10, USA, Japan- Diesel: B5, USA, Japan- Ethanol: E75, E85

Vehicle scope- <50 cm3 and 3 & 4 wheels

Harmonisation with other vehicles test requirements - Reference temperature- Cooling fan- Inertia, air resistance- WLTP, VPSD

General fixes- Reference updated documents- Typographical and wording- Clarity and ordering

Emission measurement- Addition of PM measurement- Update of HC method- Calibration

Test type III – Crankcase emissions

Not currently tested for L-cats

Page 23

General options- Do nothing (are crankcase emissions important?).- Perform a Type III test.- Perform a Type III test only deemed necessary (at TAA’s discretion).

Alternative options- Can a test be performed during the Type I test? For example, fit a bag

to the engine and ensure it does not inflate over the Type I test.

Type III tests (from REPPR)- Base test – at 3 steady states, ensure crankcase pressure does not

exceed atmospheric pressure. If failed then:- Additional test, option 1 – fit a bag to a suitable take-off and check it

does not inflate during the 3 steady state tests.- Additional test, option 2 – pressurise the crankcase to 50 kPa and

monitor for 900 seconds. (15 minutes)

Test type IV – Evaporative emissions

Not currently tested for L-cats in EU. Permeation test in USA plus SHED test in California

Page 24

General options- Do nothing (unrealistic).- Set a fixed procedure (would be difficult to agree).- Provide a list of stages covering the basic to the most advanced test

procedure.

Test fuel- Specify the reference fuel to be used in the test.- Refer to the reference fuel used for the Type I test.

Test cycles optionTest cycle needed for preconditioning for the hot soak test and for test for running loss test.- Specify the test cycle to use in the test.- Do not specify the cycle, simply refer to the Type I test.

Test type IV – Evaporative emissions

Proposal – create a new GTR containing a list of stages, e.g.

Page 25

TestEvaporative emissions stage

SHEDa b c d

1Fuel tank permeability test ü -

2Fuel system permeation test ü -

3Tip test ü -

4Short diurnal (fuel temp. change) ü Sfv

5Long diurnal (chamber temp. change) ü Svv

6Hot soak loss test ü ü Sfv

7Running loss test ü Srl

Sfv Fixed volume SHED required as a minimum

SvvVariable volume SHED required, or a modified fixed volume SHED

SrlRunning loss SHED if available, otherwise a standard chassis dynamometer with sampling of critical areas

Documents

Insert the title of your presentation here