Homeowner Landscape Packet

From the

Inscription Canyon Ranch Water Users

Association

(BMP 2.3)

August 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Letter from the ICR Water Users Association Section A

Water Use In the Service Area Section B

ICRWUA Documents of Interest Section C

Interior & Exterior Water Saving Section D

Xeriscape Landscape Information Section E

Rainwater Harvesting Information Section F

Controlling Tree Parasites Section G

BMP 2.3 Homeowner Landscape Packet V1.40.pdf August 2016

A-1

ICR Water Users Association

PO Box 2344 Prescott, AZ 86302-2344

Phone (928) 445-6581 Fax (928) 445-1830 www.icrwua.com

The ICR Water Users Association was formed as a non-profit water company

in 1995.

At the time, the company served the Inscription Canyon Ranch subdivision,

under authority of and regulation by the Arizona Corporation Commission

(ACC) and the Arizona Division of Water Resources (ADWR). The ACC

regulates the business practices and rates, while the ADWR monitors the

water quality and operational procedures.

The water company is owned by members within the subdivisions it serves. A

five-member board of directors elected by the members presently governs it.

The board members are volunteers, elected for a two-year term. Day to day

management, (including billing and accounting) and water systems operations

are provided under contract agreements. The Association has no employees.

In 2002 the Corporation Commission approved extensions of the service

territory to include the subdivisions of Whispering Canyons, Talking Rock

and The Preserve. The total number of potential residential customers within

the service territory is approximately 2400. The company now has

approximately 470 residential customers, 8 commercial users, 12-landscape

accounts and supplies ground water to the Talking Rock Golf Course.

The water company owns 5 producing wells, 4 storage tanks, 4 distribution

pump facilities and miles of underground pipe and many dozens of fire

hydrants. The assets were constructed by the developers of the subdivisions.

Three wells provide water exclusively to Talking Rock and their Golf Course.

Two other wells are dedicated to supply water only to ICR, Whispering

Canyons and the Preserve. Under a contractual agreement, the Association

owns the assets and is obligated to repay some of the cost of construction over

a 25-year period from a percentage of the revenue generated from the

customers in that subdivision. The company presently has over $12,000,000 in

infrastructure assets.

Board Meetings are held at 9am on the 4th Tuesday of each month at 14000

Grey Bears Road. An agenda is posted at www.icrwua.com

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Board of Directors:

President: Jimmy Stoner

Vice President: Harvey Roberts

Secretary: Tom Sullivan

Treasurer: Michael Spitz

Director: Curt Anderson

AFTER HOURS EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBER:

a Quality Water Co.

(ICRWUA System Operator)

Derek Scott: (928) 925-1294

Pat Carpenter: (928) 606-0498

BUSINESS OFFICE

Wallace & Associates

302 W. Willis Street, Suite 105

Prescott, AZ 86301

(928) 445-6581

V1.40 August 2016

Section B: WATER USE IN THE SERVICE AREA

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Page B-1

TYPICAL PUMPING SUMMARY (January 2015) Page B-2

WELL FIELDS PUMPING (2014) Page B-3

B-1

WATER USE IN THE SERVICE AREA

Inscription Canyon Water Users Association (ICRWUA) supplies water to four

subdivisions – Inscription Canyon Ranch (ICR), The Preserve, Whispering Canyons

(WC) and Talking Rock Ranch (TRR) – plus to the Talking Rock Golf Course

(TRGC).

ICRWUA has divided its facilities into 2 systems.

The ICR System that services ICR, The Preserve and WC.

The TRR System services TRR and TRGC.

The systems are completely separate. Water in each is not shared or even connected.

Water from the ICR wells is first pumped to a storage tank on Magner Road. From

there a booster station pumps water to a distribution tank in the WC subdivision.

All customers in the ICR System are fed from the WC tank by gravity feed.

Water from the TRR wells are pumped to two distribution tanks in Talking Rock.

Pumps at several stations in Talking Rock pressurize the system to feed water to our

TRR customers.

Inscription Canyon Ranch Sanitary District (ICRSD) - a separate organization –

receives and processes the wastewater from the sub-divisions (influent). The

processed water called effluent is pumped to a reservoir on the Golf Course.

Yavapai County has permitted an annual ground-water use of 130 million gallons

for the TRGC. Conservation practices and use of effluent has reduced the course’s

ground-water demand to less than 100 million gallons per year. At full build-out in

all the subdivisions, we estimate that effluent will annually supply 70 million gallons

of irrigation water to TRGC and drop ground-water demand to less than 40 million

gallons per year.

Residential demand is highly dependent on the landscaping and conservation

practices of our customers.

Talking Rock has fairly strict landscaping restrictions in its construction guidelines.

As a result the average customer in Talking Rock uses about 140 gallons per day or

52 thousand gallons per year.

The ICR system customers have no such restrictions and consequently have

averaged more than 85 thousand gallons per year.

Water Use Reports are compiled each month and posted on our website at

www.icrwua.com. A typical report is included on the following page.

We hope that by following the practices in the following Sections our customers will

significantly reduce their use of water. WE ARE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER!!

ICR Water Users Association JANUARY 2015

PERIOD OF 12/16/14 - 01/15/15

Pumping Summary

Water data in gallons ICR TRR Total

System System Company

1.) Water Pumped from WellsWell #1 1,198,000 3,935,000Well #2 0 0Well #3 464,000

Total Water Pumped 1,198,000 4,399,000 5,597,000

Metered Production Loss -8,000 0 -8,000

Net 1,190,000 4,399,000 5,589,000

Difference in Tank Volumes December minus November -50,539 17,976 -32,563

2. Total water delivered 1,240,539 4,381,024 5,621,563

3.) Water Sold to Customers 1,110,060 497,397 1,607,457

4.) Water Pumped to Golf Course 0 3,723,000 3,723,000

5.) Total Water sold 1,110,060 4,220,397 5,330,457

6.) Net Difference (Total Delivered less total sold) 130,479 160,627 291,106

7.) % (Loss/Gain) 10.52% 3.67% 5.18%

Use By Customer CategoryWhispering Canyon ICRanch Total Total Total

& Preserve ICR/WC/PSRV TRR Company

Residential Use 193,310 910,900 1,104,210 423,550 1,527,760

Total Customers 57 242 299 204 503

Average Residential Use 3,391 3,764 3,693 2,076 3,037

Highest User 11,300 31,970 15,050

Commercial Use 0 370 370 60,957 61,327

Customer Total 0 1 1 8 9

Average Commercial Use 0 370 370 7,620 6,814

Highest User 0 370 21,700

Landscape Use 630 1,610 2,240 50 2,290

Customer Total 3 2 5 6 11

Average Landscape Use 210 805 448 8 208

Highest User 630 1,610 40

Construction 0 3,240 3,240 7,840 11,080

Customer Total 1 6 13Golf Lake (New) 0 0

Golf Lake 3,723,000 3,723,000Fire Department (est) 0 0 0 5,000 5,000

Total Customers 61 251 312 231 543

Average Use Per Customer 3,179 3,637 3,548 2,098 2,931

Zero use Customers 6 16 22 39 61(w/o Golf, Fire or Construction)

Sums, Check 193,940 916,120 1,110,060 4,220,397 5,330,457

2014 ICR Well Field Billing Res

production sold/del customers

Month Pumped Delivered loss Sold %

Jan 1,253,000 1,247,112 25,200 1,177,850 94.4 291

Feb 1,654,000 1,567,720 64800 1,421,270 90.7 292

March 1,485,000 1,386,335 60000 1,398,970 100.9 292

April 1,979,000 2,047,566 72000 2,010,680 98.2 295

May 2,618,000 2,451,830 67200 2,425,510 98.9 295

June 3,829,000 3,802,263 64800 3,435,700 90.4 293

July 3,223,000 3,148,248 76800 2,873,140 91.3 297

Aug 3,236,000 3,136,942 62400 3,238,330 103.2 298

Sept 2,163,000 2,108,551 62400 2,337,780 110.9 299

Oct 2,377,000 2,376,577 26400 2,372,400 99.8 299

Nov 2,295,000 2,340,764 26400 2,349,380 100.4 300

Dec 1,306,000 1,193,327 7600 1,215,220 101.8 303

Totals 27,418,000 26,807,235 616,000 26,256,230 97.9 296

average gallons per day per residence 243

2014 TRR Well Field Billing

sold/del Res

Month Pumped Delivered Sold golf course % customers

Jan 3,237,000 3,234,790 3,171,966 2,688,000 98.0 194

Feb 5,512,000 5,530,555 5,425,729 4,699,000 98.4 196

March 6,156,000 6,168,375 6,089,403 5,357,000 98.9 194

April 10,916,000 10,920,860 10,712,935 9,807,000 98.1 194

May 12,725,000 12,700,695 12,364,091 11,308,000 97.2 196

June 16,286,000 16,303,670 15,730,039 14,345,000 96.6 197

July 14,026,000 14,027,985 13,918,540 12,191,000 99.2 199

Aug 10,359,000 10,397,880 9,905,842 8,589,000 95.6 200

Sept 5,646,000 5,621,815 5,692,293 4,436,000 100.8 208

Oct 6,506,000 6,489,980 6,149,600 5,084,000 94.5 207

Nov 7,897,000 8,017,137 8,091,999 6,816,000 102.5 207

Dec 5,592,000 5,585,751 5,538,382 4,969,000 99.0 208

Totals 104,858,000 104,999,493 102,790,819 90,289,000 98.0 200

102,790,819 90,289,000 12,501,819 171

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Section C: ICRWUA DOCUMENTS OF INTEREST

Best Management Practices (BMP)

BMP 2.3 New Homeowner Landscape Page C-2

BMP 3.1 Residential Audit Program Page C-3

BMP 3.4 Residential Interior Retrofit Page C-4

BMP 3.6 Customer High Water Use Inquiry Page C-5

BMP 3.7 Customer High Water Use Notification Page C-6

BMP 3.8 Waste Water Investigation Page C-8

BMP 4.1 Leak Detection Program Page C-9

BMP 4.2 Meter Repair and/or Replacement Page C-11

BMP 4.3a Comprehensive Water System Audit Page C-12

BMP 5.2 Water System Tampering Page C-14

Notice of Water Rates Page C-15

Application for New Water Meter Installation Page C-17

Application to Transfer Service Page C-18

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New Homeowner Landscape Information Tariff – BMP 2.3

PURPOSE A program for the Company to promote the conservation of water by providing a landscape information package for the purpose of educating its new customers about low water use landscaping (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program BMP Category 2: Conservation Education and Training 2.3: New Homeowner Landscape Information). REQUIREMENTS: The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. Upon establishment of water service, the Company shall provide a free

“Homeowner Landscape Packet” to each new customer in the Company’s service area. The packet will include at a minimum: a cover letter describing the water conservation expectations for all customers in the Company’s service area, all applicable tariffs, a basic interior-exterior water saving pamphlet, xeriscape landscape information, and information on where to find low water use plant lists, watering guidelines, and a rain water harvesting pamphlet.

2. Upon customer request, the Company shall provide:

a. On-site consultations on low water use landscaping and efficient watering practices.

b. A summary of water saving options.

3. The number of packets provided to new customers will be recorded and made available to the Commission upon request.

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Residential Audit Program Tariff – BMP 3.1

PURPOSE A program for the Company to promote water conservation by providing customers with information on performing water audits to determine conservation opportunities at their residence (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program BMP Category 3: Outreach Services 3.1: Residential Audit Program). REQUIREMENTS The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. The Company shall offer self-audit information. 2. The Company or designated representative shall provide all customers that

request them with a self–audit kit. 3. The kit shall include detailed instructions and tools for completing the water

audit including information on how to check their water meter. The audit kit shall include, but not be limited to, information on checking the following components: irrigation system, pool, water features, toilets, faucets and shower.

4. If requested, the Company shall assist the customer in a self-water audit and

assist the customer in determining what might be causing high water usage as well as supply customer with information regarding water conservation and landscape watering guidelines. As part of the water audit, and if requested to do so by the customer, the Company shall confirm the accuracy of the customer meter (applicable meter testing fees shall apply).

5. The Company shall keep a record of the following information and make it

available upon request: a. A description of the water conservation material provided in the kit; b. The number of kits provided to customers; c. Implementation costs of the Residential Audit Program.

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Residential Interior Retrofit Program Tariff – BMP 3.4

PURPOSE A program for the Company to promote water conservation by providing residential customers free or low cost plumbing fixtures for their residence (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program BMP Category 3: Outreach Services 3.4: Residential Interior Retrofit Program). REQUIREMENTS The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. The Company or designated representative shall provide to residential

customers that request them that live in homes built prior to the adoption of the 1990 Uniform Plumbing Code free or low cost low water use fixtures such as faucets, faucet aerators, low flow shower heads, toilets and toilet dams. The Company must offer the fixtures/fixture retrofits to all residential customers meeting the above criteria unless the Company can demonstrate that targeting certain portions of its water service area is likely to yield the highest participation and/or potential water savings.

2. The fixtures or retrofit kit shall include detailed instructions for installing the

retrofit fixtures.

3. The Company shall select appropriate communications channels to advertise the program.

4. The Company shall keep a record of the following information and make it

available upon request: a. A description of the Residential Interior Retrofit Program including a

description of the fixtures provided to customers and estimated water savings as a result of Program implementation;

b. The number of retrofit fixtures requested by customers and the number of fixtures provided;

c. Costs of the Residential Interior Retrofit Program.

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Customer High Water Use Inquiry Resolution Tariff –

BMP 3.6 REQUIREMENTS A program for the Company to assist its customers with their high water-use inquiries and complaints (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program BMP Category 3: Outreach Services 3.6: Customer High Water Use Inquiry Resolution).

PURPOSE The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. The Company shall handle high water use inquiries as calls are received.

2. Calls shall be taken by a customer service representative who has been trained on typical causes of high water consumption as well as leak detection procedures that customers can perform themselves.

3. Upon request by the customer or when the Company determines it is warranted, a trained Field Technician shall be sent to the customer’s residence to conduct a leak detection inspection and provide the customer with water conservation measures. The leak detection inspection may consist of a meter read check for flow verification. If the customer requests the on-site inspection, the Commission approved meter re-read tariff fee shall apply.

4. The Company shall follow up in some way on every customer inquiry or complaint and keep a record of inquiries and follow-up activities.

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Customer High Water Use Notification Tariff – BMP 3.7

PURPOSE A program for the Company to monitor and notify customers when water use seems to be abnormally high and provide information that could benefit those customers and promote water conservation (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program BMP Category 3: Outreach Services Program 3.7: Customer High Water Use Notification). REQUIREMENTS The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. The Company shall track water usage for each customer and notify the

customer if water use seems excessive for that particular billing for that time of the year.

2. The Company shall identify customers with high consumption and investigate

each instance to determine the possible cause.

3. The Company shall contact the high water use customers via telephone, email, by mail or in person. The Company shall contact the customer as soon as practical in order to minimize the possible loss of water. The customer will not be required to do anything to receive this notification.

4. In the notification the Company shall explain some of the most common

water usage problems and common solutions and points of contact for dealing with the issues.

5. In the notification, the customer will be reminded of at least the following

water-saving precautions: a. Check for leaks, running toilets, or valves or flappers that need to be

replaced. b. Check landscape watering system valves periodically for leaks and keep

sprinkler heads in good shape. c. Adjust sprinklers so only the vegetation is watered and not the house,

sidewalk, or street, etc. d. Continue water conservation efforts with any pools such as installing

covers on pools and spas and checking for leaks around pumps.

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6. In the notification, the customer will also be reminded of at least the

following ordinary life events that can cause a spike in water usage: a. More people in the home than usual taking baths and showers; b. Doing more loads of laundry than usual; c. Doing a landscape project or starting a new lawn; d. Washing vehicles more often than usual.

7. The Company shall provide water conservation information that could benefit

the customer, such as, but not limited to, audit programs, publications, and rebate programs.

8. The Company shall assist the customer in a self-water audit and assist the

customer in determining what might be causing the high water usage as well as supply customer with information regarding water conservation and landscape watering guidelines. As part of the water audit the Company shall confirm the accuracy of the customer meter if requested to do so by the customer (applicable meter testing fees shall apply).

9. The type of notification, the timing of the notification (i.e., how long after

high water use was discovered by the Company), and the criteria used for determining which customers are notified shall be recorded and made available to the Commission upon request.

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Water Waste Investigations and Information Tariff –

BMP 3.8

PURPOSE A program for the Company to assist customers with water waste complaints and provide customers with information designed to improve water use efficiency (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program BMP Category 3: Outreach Services 3.8: Water Waste Investigations and Information). REQUIREMENTS The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission specifically R14-2-403 and R14-2-410 and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. The Company shall handle water waste complaints as calls are received. 2. Calls shall be taken by a customer service representative who has been

trained to determine the type of water waste and to determine if it may be attributed to a leak or broken water line.

3. The Company shall follow up on every water waste complaint. 4. Upon request by the customer or when the Company determines it is

warranted, a trained Field Technician shall be sent to investigate further and notify the responsible party of the waste and offer assistance and information to prevent waste in the future.

5. A letter of enforcement will be issued to customers with water running beyond the curb and/or off the customers property due to such things as, but not limited to, backwashing of pools, broken sprinkler heads, and over watering of lawns beyond the saturation point.

6. The same procedures outlined above in item #4 will be followed in the event of a second violation. Termination of service may result in the event of the third violation within a 12 month period. In the event of a third violation the customer’s service may be terminated per Arizona Administrative Code R14-2-410C, R14-2-410D and R14-2-410E (applicable service reconnection fees shall apply).

7. The Company shall record each account and each instance noted for water waste, the action taken and any follow-up activities.

8. Subject to the provisions of this tariff, compliance with the water waste restriction will be a condition of service.

9. The Company shall provide to its customers a complete copy of this tariff and all attachments upon request and to each new customer. The customer shall abide by the water waste restriction.

10. If a customer believes he/she has been disconnected in error, the customer may contact the Commission's Consumer Services Section at 1-800-222-7000 to initiate an investigation.

C-9

Leak Detection Program Tariff – BMP 4.1

PURPOSE A program for the Company to systematically evaluate its water distribution system to identify and repair leaks (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program Best Management Practice Category 4: Physical System Evaluation and Improvement 4.1 Leak Detection Program). REQUIREMENTS The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. The Company shall implement a comprehensive leak detection and repair

program to attain and maintain a less than 10 percent unaccounted for water loss in its system(s). The program must include auditing procedures, in-field leak detection and repair efforts. The Company shall take whatever steps are necessary to ensure that its water system is operating at optimal efficiency.

2. On a systematic basis, at least every two years (annually for smaller systems),

the Company shall inspect its water distribution system (to include hydrants, valves, tanks, pumps, etc. in the distribution system) to identify and repair leaks. Detection shall be followed by repair or in some cases replacement. Repair vs. replacement will depend upon site-specific leakage rates and costs.

3. Leak Detection efforts should focus on the portion of the distribution system with

the greatest expected problems, including: a. areas with a history of excessive leak and break rates; b. areas where leaks and breaks can result in the heaviest property

damage; c. areas where system pressure is high; d. areas exposed to stray current and traffic vibration; e. areas near stream crossings; and, f. areas where loads on pipe may exceed design loads.

4. The Company shall keep accurate and detailed records concerning its leak

detection and repair/rehabilitation program and the associated costs. Records of repairs shall include: possible causes of the leak; estimated amount of water lost; and date of repair. These records shall be made available to the Commission upon request.

5. The Company shall maintain a complete set of updated distribution system maps.

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6. The Company shall ensure that properly functioning (accurate) and appropriately sized meters are installed on all service and source connections. All meters 1-inch and smaller shall be inspected at least once every ten years or upon registering 1,000,000 gallons of usage, whichever comes first. Meters larger than 1-inch shall be inspected at least once every five years or upon registering 1,000,000 gallons of usage, whichever comes first.

7. The inspection will be accomplished by having the meter pulled and having a

Company Technician physically inspect each meter and its fittings for leaks, registers which may have become loose or are not properly attached to the meter and could be under-registering or other broken parts which need repair. In addition, meters shall be randomly selected for flow testing to identify potentially under-registering meters.

8. The Company shall conduct a water audit annually which includes the following

steps to determine how efficient each water system is operating and where the losses might be:

a. Use coordinated monthly source and service meter readings to calculate how much water enters and leaves the system during the 12 month review period;

b. Track and estimate any unmetered authorized uses; c. Calculate the total amount of leakage using the following formula:

Unaccounted for water (%) = [(Production and/or purchased water minus metered use & estimated authorized un-metered use) / (Production and/or purchased water)] x 100

d. Authorized un-metered uses may include firefighting, main flushing,

process water for water treatment plants, etc. Water losses include all water that is not identified as authorized metered water use or authorized un-metered use;

e. Determine possible reasons for leakage, including physical leaks and unauthorized uses;

f. Analyze results to determine the improvements needed, such as, better accounting practices, leak survey or replacing old distribution pipes.

9. The Company shall keep accurate and detailed records concerning its annual

water audit results. These records shall be made available to the Commission upon request.

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Meter Repair and/or Replacement Tariff – BMP 4.2

PURPOSE A program for the Company to systematically assess all in-service water meters (including Company production meters) in its water service area to identify under-registering meters for repair or replacement (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program Best Management Practice Category 4: Physical System Evaluation and Improvement 4.2 Meter Repair and/or Replacement Program). REQUIREMENTS The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. On a systematic basis, the Company will inspect 100 percent of its 1-inch and

smaller in-service water meters at least once every ten years for one of the following reasons (whichever occurs first):

a. A meter reading complaint is filed with the Company by a customer or Arizona Corporation Commission Staff;

b. A meter has registered 1,000,000 gallons of usage; c. A meter has been in service for ten years.

2. Meters larger than 1-inch shall be inspected for one of the following reasons: a. A meter reading complaint is filed with the Company by a customer or

Arizona Corporation Commission Staff; b. A meter has been in service for five years.

3. The inspection will be accomplished by having the meter pulled and having a Company Technician physically inspect each meter and its fittings for leaks, registers which may have become loose or are not properly attached to the meter and could be under-registering, or other broken parts which need repair. In addition, meters shall be randomly selected for flow testing to identify potentially under-registering meters.

4. The Company shall also replace or reprogram any water meters that do not

register in gallons. Upon the effective date of this tariff, the Company shall install all replacement meters with new:

a. 1-inch and smaller meters that register in 1 gallon increments; b. 1-1/2-inch through 4-inch meters that register in 10 gallon increments; c. 6-inch and larger meters that register in 100 gallon increments.

5. The Company shall keep records of all inspected and replacement meters and

make this information available to the Commission upon request.

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Comprehensive Water System Audit Program Tariff – BMP 4.3a

PURPOSE A program for the Company to perform a systematic audit of its water system(s) and water records to identify and quantify water losses (Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program Best Management Practice Category 4: Physical System Evaluation and Improvement 4.3 Comprehensive Water System Audit Program). REQUIREMENTS The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission and were adapted from the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. The Company shall perform a comprehensive audit of its water distribution

system(s), systems control equipment, production and treatment facilities, and water records to identify and quantify water losses.

2. The audit must include an analysis of results that includes plans for corrective

measures and can be a precursor to a leak detection and/or meter repair/replacement program to attain and maintain a less than 10 percent unaccounted for water loss in its system(s).

3. The Company shall conduct a water audit that includes the following steps to

determine how efficient each water system is operating and where the losses might be.

a. Use coordinated monthly source and service meter readings to calculate

how much water enters and leaves the system during the 12 month review period.

b. Track and estimate any unmetered authorized uses.

c. Calculate the total amount of leakage using the following formula:

Unaccounted for water (%) = [(Production and/or purchased water minus metered use & estimated authorized un-metered use) / (Production and/or purchased water)] x 100

d. Authorized un-metered uses may include firefighting, main flushing, process water for water treatment plants, etc. Water losses include all water that is not identified as authorized metered water use or authorized un-metered use.

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d. Determine possible reasons for leakage, including physical leaks and unauthorized uses.

e. Analyze results to determine the improvements needed, such as, better

accounting practices, leak survey or replacing old distribution pipes.

4. The Company shall take appropriate steps to ensure that its water system is operating at optimal efficiency.

5. The Company shall keep accurate and detailed records concerning its annual

water audit results and the associated costs. These records shall be made available to the Commission upon request.

C-14

WATER SYSTEM TAMPERING TARIFF – BMP 5.2

PURPOSE The purpose of this tariff is to promote the conservation of groundwater by enabling the Company to bring an action for damages or to enjoin any activity against a person who tampers with the water system. REQUIREMENTS: The requirements of this tariff are governed by Rules of the Arizona Corporation Commission, specifically Arizona Administrative Code (“AAC”) R14-2-410 and the Arizona Department of Water Resources’ Required Public Education Program and Best Management Practices in the Modified Non-Per Capita Conservation Program.

1. In support of the Company’s water conservation goals, the Company may bring an action for damages or to enjoin any activity against a person who: (1) makes a connection or reconnection with property owned or used by the Company to provide utility service without the Company’s authorization or consent; (2) prevents a Company meter or other device used to determine the charge for utility services from accurately performing its measuring function; (3) tampers with property owned or used by the Company; or (4) uses or receives the Company’s services without the authorization or consent of the Company, and knows, or has reason to know of the unlawful diversion, tampering or connection. If the Company’s action is successful, the Company may recover as damages three times the amount of actual damages.

2. Compliance with the provisions of this tariff will be a condition of service. 3. The Company shall provide to all its customers, upon request, a complete copy

of this tariff and AAC R14-2-410. The customers shall follow and abide by this tariff.

4. If a customer is connected to the Company water system and the Company

discovers that the customer has taken any of the actions listed in 1. Above, the Company may terminate service per AAC R14-2-410.

5. If a customer believes he/she has been disconnected in error, the customer may

contact the Commission’s Consumer Services Section at 1-800-222-7000 to initiate an investigation.

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C-3 C-16

31 October 2014 New Meter Application Approved.docx

SERVICE APPLICATION: New Meter Installation

ICR WATER USERS ASSOCIATION (Mail this completed form with your payment to the business office address below):

Mailing Address: Office Address: Office Phone (928) 445-6581 P.O. Box 2344 302 W. Willis St. Suite #105 Fax: (928) 445-1830 Prescott, AZ 86302 Prescott, AZ 86301

The undersigned customer applies for water service from ICR Water Users Association at the indicated location. ICR Water Users Association, Inc., is subject to the rates, charges, rules and regulations established by the Arizona Corporation Commission. Billing rendered by ICR Water Users Association shall become delinquent on the 25th of the month following the month for which billing is rendered. ICR Water Users Association will make available, upon request within 60 days from the receipt of the request, a summary of the ICR rate schedule or a copy of the Arizona Corporation Commission Rules and Regulation governing deposits, advances, service termination, billing and collection and compliant handling. The complete Tariff Schedule is available at www.icrwua.com on the Forms and Rates page.

OWNER (CUSTOMER) INFORMATION:

NAME: __________________________________________PHONE: __________________________________

SERVICE ADDRESS: ______________________________________________ LOT# ____________

SUBDIVISION: ______________________________________________________________

BILLING ADDRESS: ______________________________________________________________

CITY: ___________________________STATE: __________ZIP: __________________________

Type of Service: Residential Commercial

IN CONSIDERATION for the provision of water service the customer agrees to pay the monthly service and usage charges as set forth

In the Company’s rates and tariffs filed with the Arizona Corporation Commission. The customer also agrees to pay the following charges:

NEW METER INSTALLATION: 5/8 x 3/4 ONE-INCH______OTHER____________

Service Establishment Fee (non-refundable)…………… $25.00 $25.00 $25.00

Refundable Deposit (refunded after 1 year, if no delinquency)... $90.00 $90.00 $90.00

Line & Installation Charge (refunded over a 10 year

period to owner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $520.00 $690.00 See Tariff Schedule

Sales Tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.59 $ 1.59 $ 1.59

TOTAL NEW METER INSTALLATION $636.59 $806.59 SUM

At such time as customer desires to transfer service with ICR Waters Users Association; not less than 3 days’ notice must be given.

An accurate forwarding address must be given for the purpose of submitting a final bill and forwarding any remaining deposit to the customer.

If you would like Paperless Billing, please provide your Email address: _____________________________________

OWNER SIGNATURE: ______________________________________DATE: _______________________________

NOTE: If you have private well, a backflow preventer valve may be needed; please contact the business office.

A pressure regulator is recommended for all residences and is required in certain locations.

IF THE PROPERTY OWNER IS REPLACING THE METER, ONLY THE NEW Line & Installation Charge IS PAYABLE,

AND ANY REMAINING REFUND ON THE OLD METER IS FORFEITED.

IF THIS PROPERTY IS RENTED, THE OWNER MUST CO-SIGN A RESIDENTIAL RENTAL SERVICE APPLICATION

AGREEING TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY UNPAID WATER BILL.

IF THIS PROPERTY IS SOLD, THE NEW OWNER MUST COMPLETE A TRANSFER SERVICE APPLICATION.

31 October 2014 TRANSFER SERVICE APPLICATION APPROVED.docx

SERVICE APPLICATION: Transfer ICR WATER USERS ASSOCIATION

(Mail this completed form with your payment to the business office address below):

Mailing Address: Office Address: Office Phone (928) 445-6581 P.O. Box 2344 302 W. Willis St. Suite #105 Fax: (928) 445-1830 Prescott, AZ 86302 Prescott, AZ 86301 The undersigned customer applies for water service from ICR Water Users Association at the indicated location. ICR Water Users Association, Inc., is subject to the rates, charges, rules and regulations established by the Arizona Corporation Commission. Billing

rendered by ICR Water Users Association shall become delinquent on the 25th of the month following the month for which billing is rendered. ICR Water Users Association will make available, upon request within 60 days from the receipt of the request, a summary of the ICR rate schedule or a copy of the Arizona Corporation Commission Rules and Regulation governing deposits, advances, service termination, billing and collection and compliant handling. The complete Tariff Schedule is available at www.icrwua.com on the Forms and Rates page.

OWNER (CUSTOMER) INFORMATION:

NAME: __________________________________________PHONE: __________________________________

SERVICE ADDRESS: ______________________________________________ LOT# ____________

BILLING ADDRESS: ______________________________________________________________

CITY: ___________________________STATE: __________ZIP: __________________________

Type of Service: Residential Commercial

IN CONSIDERATION for the provision of water service the customer agrees to pay the monthly service and usage charges as set forth

In the Company’s rates and tariffs filed with the Arizona Corporation Commission. The customer also agrees to pay the following charges:

TRANSFER CHARGE:

Service Establishment Fee (non-refundable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.00

Refundable Deposit (refunded after 1 year, if no delinquency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $90.00

Sales Tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.59

TOTAL TRANSFER CHARGE $116.59

At such time as customer desires to transfer service with ICR Waters Users Association; not less than 3 days’ notice must be given.

An accurate forwarding address must be given for the purpose of submitting a final bill and forwarding any remaining deposit to

the customer.

DATE SERVICE REQUESTED: _______________________

If you would like Paperless Billing, please provide your Email address: _____________________________________

OWNER SIGNATURE: ______________________________________DATE: _______________________________

NOTE: If you have private well, a backflow preventer valve may be needed; please contact the business office.

A pressure regulator is recommended for all residences and is required in certain locations.

IF THIS PROPERTY IS SOLD, THE NEW OWNER MUST COMPLETE A TRANSFER SERVICE APPLICATION.

ANY REMAINING REFUND FROM THE Line and Installation Charge WILL BE CREDITED TO THE NEW OWNER.

IF THIS PROPERTY IS RENTED, THE OWNER MUST CO-SIGN A RESIDENTIAL RENTAL SERVICE APPLICATION

AGREEING TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY UNPAID WATER BILL.

D-1

Section D: INTERIOR & EXTERIOR WATER SAVING

Easy Water Saving Tips D-2

Water Leak Detection Tips D-4

A Guide to Water Conservation D-6

D-2

Easy Water Savings Tips

Household

If possible, operate your washing machine only when full, or set water level for

the size load you are washing.

Consider purchasing a front-load washing machine when replacing your current

machine. You'll save water and energy.

Install water-softening systems only when necessary. Save water and salt by

running the minimum amount of regenerations necessary to maintain water

softness. Turn softeners off while on vacation.

For Landscaping irrigation consider drip system and water catchment equipment.

Kitchen

Repair dripping faucets by replacing washers. If your faucet is dripping at a rate

of only one drop per second, you can expect to waste 2,700 gallons of water per

year.

When washing dishes by hand, fill one sink or basin with soapy water. Quickly

rinse under a slow-moving stream from the faucet.

Do not use running water to thaw meat or other frozen foods. Defrost food

overnight in your refrigerator, or use the defrost setting on your microwave.

Store drinking water in the refrigerator instead of letting the tap run while you're

waiting for cool water to flow.

Consider installing an instant water heater on your kitchen sink so you don't have

to let the water run while it heats up. This will also reduce water-heating costs for

your household.

D-3

Kitchen sink disposals require a lot of water to operate correctly. Start a compost

pile as an alternate method of disposing of food waste, instead of using a garbage

disposal. Disposals also can add up to 50 percent to the volume of solids in the

sewer system, or lead to problems with septic systems.

Run the dishwasher with full loads only.

Bathroom

Nearly 75% of water used indoors is in the bathroom. Baths, showers and toilet flushing

account for most of this. Here are some hints to help reduce the amount of water used on

a daily basis:

Check your toilet periodically for leaks. Place a few drops of food coloring in the

tank. If you have a leak, color will appear in the toilet bowl within 30 minutes.

This would indicate that the flapper needs replacing.

If your toilet makes a gurgling sound, adjust or replace your flush valve.

Kinked flapper chains can also cause toilets to run, by preventing the flapper from

closing properly. An easy way to prevent this is to thread the chain through a

short piece of a plastic straw. This will prevent the chain from turning back on

itself and kinking.

Fill a one-quart plastic bottle with water and place it in the toilet tank. To anchor

the bottle, fill it partially with sand or any heavy substance. This does not affect

the efficiency of most toilets and can save five or more gallons a day for a family

of four.

Don’t use the toilet as a wastebasket.

When taking a bath, put the plug in and turn on the hot water. Let it run until the

water gets hot, before adding cold water to adjust the temperature.

Install a low-flow showerhead, or a flow restrictor. Flow restrictors allow you to

reduce or stop the flow of water when it is not needed. Low-flow showerheads

reduce the gallons of water used per minute.

Keep a bucket in the shower to catch excess water. Use this water for plants.

Don’t let the water run while brushing your teeth, shaving, etc.

D-4

Water Leak Detection Tips

First, the homeowner should check the water meter:

Make sure all water use on the property is off, i.e. dishwasher, washing machine,

irrigation system, sinks etc.

With gloves, remove the cover on the meter box at the street.

(Watch out for spiders/snakes and other thing that might be in the box).

Open the lid on the meter and look at the little red wheel.

If the wheel is moving, then water is going through the meter and there is a leak on the

homeowner’s property.

Check the following:

TOILETS

Put a few drops of red food coloring in each toilet tank and see if after several hours it

shows in the bowl, if it does show in the bowl then the toilet is leaking.

Alternately, close the valve (clockwise) that supplies water to the toilet tank, remove the

cover to the tank and note the water level with a mark on the inside of the tank. If the

water level has dropped after a several hours then the toilet is leaking.

A leaky flapper valve usually causes this, but make sure that the chain to the flapper

valve is not kinked or catching on the flush valve.

If flapper valve is leaking, replace it.

D-5

WASHING MACHINE & DISHWASHER

Listen closely to the washing machine and also the dishwasher to attempt to hear water

running when the machine is not in use.

Alternatively, close the valves that supply water to the washing machine and dishwasher

and see if the red wheel in the water meter has stopped turning.

FAUCETS

Check all sink, shower, tub and outdoor faucets for leaks.

IRRIGATION

Check irrigation system for malfunctioning components.

If there is a master valve supplying water, close it and see if the red wheel in the water

meter has stopped turning.

PIPING

If homeowner cannot locate leak, it may be in the piping.

This will require a licensed plumber to locate and repair.

METER VERIFICATION

Homeowner can request meter verification test by a Water Company technician.

If meter is not defective then the homeowner can be charged $20 for the service call.

A Guide to Water Conservation

Conserving water is an important part of using this natural resource responsibly. When you limit your

use of water, you can help make sure that everyone has clean water to use, protect the environment,

and lower utility bills. Most of the water that you use during the day is for bathroom purposes. With

this in mind, there are a lot of ways you can conserve water when you shower, use the toilet and

brush your teeth. Read on to learn about water conservation, and some easy ways you can save

every drop. Water conservation is the mindful saving of water use through the use of good habits or

specific tools. The goal is to use as little water as you need to perform everyday tasks. Water

conservation means more than limiting your use of water to only what is necessary – it's also about

taking steps to ensure the cleanliness of water so that it's usable when you or anyone else needs it.

For this reason, the importance of water conservation cannot be understated, as it protects an

important resource in more ways than one. While most of the Earth is made up of water, only a small

percentage of it is fit for human consumption. In fact, only 1% of the water on Earth is available to be

used for drinking, washing, and hydrating crops every day. Usable water is a limited resource, which

underscores the importance of water conservation.

Don't let the faucet run while brushing your teeth. Similarly, rinse razors in a container filled with water

instead of under a running faucet while shaving.

When you spot a leak or a dripping faucet in your bathroom, be sure to have looked at and fixed.

Other water conservation tips can be applied around the household, too. While in the kitchen, instead

of washing vegetables under a running faucet, fill up a container with water and place the vegetables

in it. You can use a washcloth to help scrub debris away. Fill a container with water and keep it in the

refrigerator for cool drinks instead of running faucets to get the same thing.

Only use your dishwasher when it is full, and on the bare minimum settings.

Water your lawn only when you have to, and consider doing it in the early hours of the day so that the

water won't evaporate quickly.

Learn more about water conservation at the following links:

Teaching Kids About Water Conservation = http://www.usbr.gov/mp/arwec/links.html

100+ Ways To Conserve - Water Use It Wisely = http://wateruseitwisely.com/100-ways-to-conserve/

Reduce Your Water Use = http://www.watersmartsd.org/

Water Tips Around the House = http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/water/story_of_water/water_tips.pdf

Water Conservation How Much You Lose = http://www.ripuc.org/consumerinfo/Conservation_Water.pdf

Water Conservation Facts and Tips - National Geographic =

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/water-conservation-tips/

57 Ways - 57. Conserve Water In And Around The Home = http://www.thisland.illinois.edu/57ways/57ways_57.html

A Guide to Water Conservation = http://www.berkeyfilters.com/articles/a-guide-to-water-conservation/

E-1

Section E: XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE INFORMATION

Xeriscaping Defined Page E-2

Roadmap to Successful Xeriscape Landscaping Page E-5

Yavapai County Cooperative Extension Xeriscape List*

Annuals and Biennials Page E-6

Perennials Page E-7

Shrubs Page E-10

Trees Page E-14

Guideline for Irrigation Page E-16

Outdoors Water Conservation Guidelines Page E-18

*For current lists see:

http://www.ag.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/hort/xeriscape/

http://extension.arizona.edu/yavapai

E-2

Xeriscaping Defined

The term Xeriscape originated with the Denver, Colorado Water Department in 1981 in response to

drought conditions occurring in Colorado. Xeriscaping principles were developed through experience

in a number of different western states, including Arizona.

Xeriscape (pronounced zeer-i-scape) is water conservation through creative landscaping. The term

Xeriscape means water conserving, drought tolerant landscaping. Given that approximately one-half of

the per capita water demand in urban areas of Arizona is for residential outdoor use, Xeriscaping can

provide significant impact in conserving our limited water resources.

Xeriscaping takes a holistic approach to landscape water conservation. It stresses the use of native and

drought tolerant plants and their use in appropriate situations. But more than that xeriscaping involves

proper planning and design, installation and maintenance practices.

There are seven basic principles of Xeriscaping. They include:

• Water-wise planning and design.

• Low water use/drought tolerant plants.

• Limited lawn areas.

• Efficient irrigation design and equipment.

• Water harvesting techniques.

• Surface mulches and soil amendments (where appropriate)

• Proper maintenance practices.

Water-wise Planning and Design

Many people create their own designs with excellent results. Landscape professionals also serve as

helpful resources. They provide advice, critique, or can develop the plans. Planning is the most

important step to a successful Xeriscape because it allows for the installation of the landscape in

phases, which minimizes expenses.

The zoning of landscape plantings is one of the basic concepts of Xeriscape design. The oasis zone is

the area in closest proximity to the house. Here, higher water use plants are located to help cool the

home through shading and evapo-transpiration. This may be the location for a small lawn area, annual

flowers, potted plants, cooling vines or a paved patio surrounded by shrubbery and ground cover

plants. A little farther out from the house comes the transition zone, where drought tolerant trees,

shrubs and ground covers are used in groupings to enhance the benefits of water harvesting techniques.

The arid zone lies beyond the transition zone and is comprised of plants which need little or no

supplemental irrigation. The emphasis here is on plants that can survive on rainfall alone. This is the

place to leave any natural vegetation that may have been on the property.

E-3

Low Water Use/Drought Tolerant Plants

There is no shortage of beautiful drought tolerant native plants in Arizona. But many introduced plants

from arid or semi-arid regions of the world are also drought tolerant. Most importantly, select the right

plant for the right place. Be mindful not only of water requirements but also of the factors of soil

conditions, and exposure to light, wind, and temperature extremes (both hot and cold). Bear in mind

that even native and drought tolerant plants must have regular irrigation until they are established.

Limited Lawn Areas

Locate turf only in areas where it provides functional benefits, such as a children's play area or pet run.

Turf is best separated from landscape plantings so that it may be watered separately. Often turf can be

replaced with other, less water demanding materials, such as low water demanding ground covers,

surface mulches, or hard paving materials. Never locate turf areas on slopes where water is lost to run-

off.

Efficient Irrigation Equipment and Design

Match your irrigation method to the type of plant being irrigation, drip or low volume spray emitters

for individual plants and spray irrigation for lawns. Drip and low volume spray are the most efficient

ways to irrigate because they put the water where it is needed and reduce run-off and evaporation. Use

a timer or controller to schedule irrigation and adjust as seasons and weather changes. Combine plants

with like water requirements on a separate irrigation zone with its own value that can be controlled by

use of a timer or controller.

Water Harvesting Techniques

Water harvesting techniques are used to channel runoff water to planted areas or contain it for later

use. A few simple methods that direct water where it is needed include sloping sidewalks and terraces,

channeling or collecting roof water, creating shallow basins around landscape plantings, and the use of

rock channels to direct rain water (figure 12). By creating earth mounds or berms at the edge of the

property water can be trapped on site. Locate plants where they can take advantage of the extra water.

Mulch and Soil Amendments

Mulches are coverings placed on the soil under and around plants. Typical organic mulches include:

compost, bark chips, ground wood, wood shavings, and animal manures. Inorganic mulches include:

decomposed granite and other rock and gravel materials. Mulches help hold in soil moisture, keep soil

temperatures cooler during the summer, reduce weed growth, and in the case of organic mulches,

reduce soil compaction, improve water penetration, and add humus to the soil. Soil amendments are

organic materials such as peat moss, animal manure and compost, which are mixed into the soil. Their

use is beneficial in conserving water, but should be limited to use in vegetable, flower and ground

cover beds where the entire potential root zone can be modified. Never use soil amendments in

planting holes for trees and shrubs!

E-4

Proper Maintenance Practices

Plants that are healthy and properly maintained use less water. Avoid over fertilizing and heavy

pruning which can promote excessive growth and increase water needs. Mow lawns to the

recommended height to promote deep rooting and drought resistance. Keep mower blades sharp; clean

cuts lose less moisture than jagged tears. Control weeds that can compete with desirable plants for

water and nutrients. When possible, water on an as-needed basis, taking into account the weather, the

climate, and the plants individual water requirements.

University of Arizona 1999

E-5

ROADMAP TO SUCCESSFUL XERISCAPE LANDSCAPING

There is no single cookie cutter design to guarantee a successful xeriscape landscape. Developing an

appropriate design will mean the difference between success and failure. Always try to work with the

natural features of your landscape.

Here are some of the issues you need to consider:

• Which areas of your garden have shade throughout the day?

• Which areas of your garden have shade during part of the day?

• How do your shade patterns change with the seasons?

• Which areas of your garden are open slopes that do not collect water?

• Which areas of your garden are flat and collect some rainwater?

• Which areas of your garden have natural water collection (low areas or areas with natural

borders that facilitate water collection)?

The more you can make use of the natural, existing qualities of your terrain, the less reworking you

will need to do. Doing radical changes to your terrain can result in high labor and materials costs.

Homeowners sometimes find too that major changes to their landscape can result in higher long term

maintenance or even that their efforts are slowly undone as their changes are sometimes not

appropriate for their terrain.

Begin by designing the area you'd like to Xeriscape. Using a piece of paper, draw out the areas you

have to plant in and the space available. Some things to remember:

1. Put trees at points in the landscaping where their shade and root system will not damage or hinder

the growth of other plants.

2. Put tall shrubs and annuals or perennials at the back of a planting bed.

3. Keep in mind the mature size of your trees, plants, and shrubs, and don't overcrowd an area.

4. Even though the plants are "drought tolerant," they still need some water. Plan ahead if you intend to

put in a drip irrigation system.

E-6

Yavapai County Cooperative Extension Xeriscape List

Annuals and Biennials

Latin Name Common Name Group Height/Width Water Hardiness Sun Exposure Seasonality Flower Color Flower Season

Castilleja exserta Purple owl's clover annual 1.5 ft/2 ft very low up to 4,500 full sun-part shade -- purple spring Coreopsis tinctoria Tickseed; calliopsis annual 3 ft/1 ft low-mod up to 6,500? sun -- various summer Cosmos bipinnatus Cosmos annual 3 ft/1 ft moderate all zones sun -- pink/various summer-fall Cosmos sulphureus Cosmos annual 3 ft/1 ft moderate all zones sun -- yellow/orange summer-fall Eschscholzia californica California gold poppy annual 1 ft/1 ft very low up to 6,000 sun-part shade -- orange spring Gomphrena globosa Globe amaranth annual 1 ft/1 ft low-mod up to ? sun -- purple/various summer Ipomopsis aggregata Scarlet gilia biennial 3 ft/1 ft low-mod up to 7,000? sun -- red/pink summer Lupinus succulentus Arroyo lupine annual 1 ft/1 ft low up to 4,500 sun -- purple/various summer Oenothera hookeri Hooker's evening primrose biennial 4 ft/4 ft low up to 9,500 sun -- yellow summer-fall Phacelia campanularia Desert canterbury bells annual 2 ft/2 ft very low up to 7,500 sun-part shade -- blue summer Salvia sclarea Clary sage biennial 3 ft/2 ft low up to 7,500 sun-part shade -- blue summer Sanvitalia procumbens Creeping zinnia annual 0.5 ft/1.5 ft low ? sun-part shade -- yellow summer-fall Zinnia angustifolia Narrowleaf zinnia annual 1.5 ft/1.5 ft low-mod up to ? sun -- yellow summer

Materials last updated on March 4, 2000 Site contact for questions: jschalau@ag.arizona.edu Extension Webmaster (Website-related Questions and Comments): mblock@ag.arizona.edu © 1998 The University of Arizona. All contents copyrighted. All rights reserved.

E-7

Yavapai County Cooperative Extension Xeriscape List

Perennials

Latin Name Common Name

Height/Width Water Hardiness Sun Exposure

Seasonality Flower Color

Flower Season

Achillea millefolium Yarrow 2 ft/3 ft moderate up to 9,000 sun-part shade

evergreen white spring-fall

Agastache cana Double bubble mint

3 ft/2 ft moderate up to 6,000 full sun ? pink summer-fall

Alyssoides utriculata

Bladderpod 2 ft/1 ft very low up to 8,500 sun ? yellow spring

Anacyclus depressus

Atlas daisy 0.5 ft/1.5 ft low up to 10,000 sun ? white spring

Antennaria rosea Pink pussytoes

1 ft/1 ft very low up to 5,000? full sun -- pink summer

Aquilegia formosa Red columbine

2 ft/2 ft moderate up to 11,000 sun-full shade

-- red spring-fall

Argemone platyceras

Prickly poppy 3 ft/2 ft very low hardy to 15 F sun -- white spring-summer

Artemisia ludoviciana

White sage 2 ft/3 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun-part shade

evergreen yellow/white summer-fall

Aurinia saxatile Basket-of-gold

1.5 ft/1 ft low-mod up to 9,000 full sun -- yellow spring

Baileya multiradiata Desert marigold

1.5 ft/1.5 ft very low up to 5,000 full sun-part shade

evergreen yellow spring-fall

Berlandiera lyrata Chocolate flower

2 ft/3 ft low-mod up to 5,000 full sun -- yellow summer-fall

Calamintha grandiflora

Beautiful mint 2 ft/1.5 ft moderate up to 6,000 sun-part shade

pink summer

Callirhoe involucrata

Wine cup; poppy mallow

1 ft/3 ft low-mod up to 6,000 full sun -- purple summer-fall

Campanula rotundifolia

Bluebells-of-Scotland

2 ft/3 ft low-mod ? full sun-full shade

-- blue summer

Castilleja sp. Indian paintbrush

1.5 ft/1 ft low hardy to -30 sun -- red/orange spring

Centaurea cineraria

Dusty miller 1.5 ft/2 ft moderate up to 6,000 sun-shade evergreen yellow summer

Centranthus ruber Red valerian 3 ft/2.5 ft low up to 9,000 sun-part shade

-- red summer

Cerastium tomentosum

Snow-in-summer

1 ft/1.5 ft low-mod up to 7,500 sun-part shade

-- white summer

Coreopsis lanceolata

Lanceleaf coreopsis

2 ft/2 ft moderate up to 5,500? sun -- yellow summer

Datura wrightii Sacred datura 3 ft/6 ft low up to 6,500 sun-part shade

deciduous white summer

Delosperma cooperi

Hardy pink ice plant

0.5/2 ft low up to 6,000 sun evergreen pink spring-fall

Delosperma nubigenum

Hardy yellow ice plant

0.5 ft/1.5 ft low up to 7,500 full sun evergreen yellow spring

Digitaria californica Arizona cottontop

4 ft/5 ft very low up to 6,000 sun deciduous white fall

Echinacea purpurea

Purple coneflower

3 ft/2 ft moderate up to 5,500? sun -- purple summer

Erigeron divergens Fleabane daisy

1 ft/1 .5 ft very low up to 9,000 sun-part shade

-- white summer

Fragaria vesca California strawberry

0.5 ft/1 ft low up to 6,000 shade-part shade

evergreen white summer?

E-8

Gaillardia aristata Blanketflower; firewheel

3 ft/3 ft moderate up to 9,000 sun -- red/yellow spring-fall

Glandularia gooddingii

Goodding's verbena

1.5 ft/1.5 ft low up to 6,000 sun -part shade

-- lavender summer-fall

Glandularia wrightii Wright verbena

1 ft/1.5 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen pink/rose spring-fall

Gutierrezia sarothrae

Snakeweed 2 ft/2 ft very low up to 10,000 sun deciduous yellow fall

Helianthus maximiliani

Maximilian sunflower

10 ft/6 ft moderate up to 8,000 sun -- yellow fall

Hemerocallis species

Daylily 3 ft/2 ft low-mod up to 8,000 sun-part shade

evergreen yellow/various summer

Heuchera sanguinea

Coral bells; alum root

1.5 ft/1.5 ft low-high up to 9,000 sun-part shade

pink/white spring?

Iris hybrids Bearded iris; Dutch iris

2 ft/1.5 ft low up to 8,500 sun evergreen various

Lessingia filaginifolia

California aster

3 ft/5 ft very low up to 8,500 sun-part shade

-- purple spring

Liatris punctata Gayfeather 2 ft/1.5 ft low up to 8,000 sun -- purple summer Linum perenne var. lewisii

Blue flax 1.5 ft/1 ft low-mod up to 9,500 sun-part shade

-- blue spring

Melampodium leucanthum

Blackfoot daisy

1.5 ft/1.5 ft low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

evergreen white summer

Mirabilis multiflora Wild four o'clock

2 ft/4 ft very low up to 7,000 sun-part shade

-- purple summer

Nepeta x faassenii Catmint 1.5 ft/3 ft low up to 6,000 sun-part shade

-- purple summer

Oenothera caespitosa

Tufted evening primrose

1 ft/2 ft very low up to 7,500 sun-part shade

evergreen white/pink spring-fall

Oenothera missouriensis

Missouri evening primrose

1 ft/2 ft low up to 8,000 sun-part shade

evergreen? yellow summer

Oenothera speciosa

Mexican evening primrose

1.5 ft/2 ft mod hardy to 0 F sun-shade evergreen pink summer

Penstemon ambiguus

Bush penstemon

3 ft/3 ft low hardy to 15 F sun-part shade

evergreen white/pink summer

Penstemon eatonii Eaton's penstemon

4 ft/3 ft very low up to 7,000? sun-part shade

evergreen red spring-summer?

Penstemon palmeri Palmer penstemon

3 ft/2 ft low up to 6,000 sun-part shade

-- pink spring-summer

Penstemon parryi Parry's penstemon

4 ft/3 ft very low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

evergreen pink spring

Penstemon spectabilis

Royal penstemon

3 ft/2 ft very low up to 7,500 sun-part shade

evergreen purple spring

Penstemon thurberi

Thurber penstemon

1.5 ft/1 ft low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

-- lavender spring-summer

Perovskia atriplicifolia

Russian sage 5 ft/4 ft low up to 8,000 sun deciduous lavender summer

Polygonum affine Himalayan fleeceflower

1 ft/3 ft low-mod up to 8,000 sun-part shade

evergreen red/pink fall

Psilostrophe cooperi

Paperflower 1 ft/1.5 ft low hardy to 15 F sun -- yellow spring-summer

Pulsatilla vulgaris European pasqueflower

1 ft/1 ft low-mod up to 9,500 sun-part shade

-- purple spring

Ratibida columnifera

Mexican hat; coneflower

2 ft/1.5 ft low up to 8,000 sun red/yellow summer

Salvia farinacea Mealycup sage

2 ft/1.5 ft moderate hardy to ? sun deciduous blue spring-summer

Salvia officinalis Garden sage 2 ft/1.5 ft low-mod up to 9,000 sun evergreen blue fall Sedum spectabile Showy

stonecrop 2 ft/2 ft moderate up to 8,000 sun-part

shade evergreen pink/red/white summer-fall

Sedum spurium Two-row stonecrop

0.5 ft/2 ft moderate up to 6,500 sun-part shade

evergreen red/yellow/white summer?

E-9

Sempervivum species

Hens and chicks

0.5/1 ft moderate up to 8,000 sun-part shade

evergreen various summer

Senecio douglasii Threadleaf groundsel

3 ft/2.5 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen yellow spring-fall

Senecio spartioides

Broom groundsel

2 ft/ 2 ft low up to 9,000 sun -- yellow summer-fall

Sisyrinchium bellum

Blue-eyed grass

2 ft/2 ft very low up to 8,000 sun-part sun deciduous blue spring

Stachys coccinea Scarlet betony 3 ft/3 ft mod-high up to 8,000 sun-shade evergreen red spring-fall Stachys lanata Lamb's ears 2 ft/3 ft low up to 8,000 sun-part

shade evergreen pink summer-fall

Tanacetum densum

Partridge feather

0.5 ft/1 ft low up to 6,500 sun evergreen yellow summer

Teucrium laciniatum

Germander 3 ft/3 ft low up to 7,500 sun-part shade

evergreen purple summer

Thymus pseudolanuginosus

Woolly thyme 0.5 ft/1.5 ft low-mod up to 8,500 sun-shade evergreen pink summer

Tritoma (Kniphofia) uvaria

Red hot poker 3 ft/2 ft moderate up to 7,500 sun-part shade

evergreen red/yellow summer

Verbena rigida Sandpaper verbena

2 ft/ 3 ft moderate up to 4,500? sun -- purple summer

Veronica pectinata Blue woolly speedwell

0.5 ft/2 ft low up to 8,500 sun-part shade

evergreen blue spring

Viguiera stenoloba Skeletonleaf goldeneye

4 ft/4 ft very low up to 6,200 sun-part shade

deciduous yellow summer?

Zauschneria arizonica

Hummingbird trumpet

2 ft/4 ft low up to 6,000 sun -- red fall

Zinnia acerosa Dwarf white zinnia

0.5 ft/1.5 ft very low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

evergreen white spring-fall

Zinnia grandiflora Paper flower 1 ft/1 ft very low up to 6,000 sun -- yellow summer-fall

Materials last updated on March 4, 2000 Site contact for questions: jschalau@ag.arizona.edu Extension Webmaster (Website-related Questions and Comments): mblock@ag.arizona.edu © 1998 The University of Arizona. All contents copyrighted. All rights reserved.

E-10

Yavapai County Cooperative Extension Xeriscape List

Shrubs

Latin Name Common Name

Height/Width Water Hardiness Sun Exposure

Seasonality Flower Color

Flower Season

Agave neomexicana

New Mexico agave

2 ft/2 ft low up to 7,000 full sun evergreen yellow spring, once

Agave parryii Parry's agave 2 ft/3 ft low ? full sun evergreen white summer Agave utahensis Utah century

plant 1 ft/2 ft low hardy to 0 F full sun evergreen yellow spring-

summer Amorpha canescens

Leadplant 4 ft/4 ft low up to 4,500 sun deciduous purple summer

Arctostaphylos pungens

Pointleaf manzanita

6 ft/6 ft low up to 8,000 sun-part shade

evergreen pink/white spring

Artemisia filifolia Sand sagebrush

4 ft/5 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen yellow/white summer-fall

Artemisia tridentata

Big sagebrush 7 ft/7 ft very low up to 10,000 sun evergreen purple summer?

Atriplex canescens Four-wing saltbush

6 ft/8 ft very low up to 8,000 full sun evergreen yellow summer

Atriplex obovata Obovate saltbush

1 ft/2 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen green/gray summer?

Baccharis sarothroides

Desert broom 5 ft/5 ft low hardy to 15 F sun-part shade

evergreen white fall

Berberis fremontii Fremont barberry

10 ft/10 ft low up to 7,000 sun evergreen yellow spring

Berberis haematocarpa

Red barberry 5 ft/5 ft low up to 7,000 sun-part shade

evergreen yellow spring

Buddleia marrubiifolia

Woolly butterfly bush

3 ft/4 ft low up to 4,500 sun-part shade

evergreen orange summer

Calliandra eriophylla

Pink fairyduster 4 ft/6 ft very low up to 5,000 sun deciduous? pink summer?

Caryopteris x clandonensis

Blue mist spirea 3 ft/3 ft low-mod up to 8,500 full sun-part shade

deciduous blue summer

Ceanothus leucodermis

Chaparral whitethorn

12 ft/12 ft low up to 6,000 sun-part shade

evergreen pink/blue/white spring

Ceratoides lanata Winterfat 3 ft/3 ft low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen seeds white fall-winter

Cercocarpus betuloides

Birchleaf mtn. mahogany

8 ft/6 ft low up to 6,500 sun evergreen color? spring?

Cercocarpus ledifolius

Mountain mahogany

15 ft/8 ft low up to 9,000 sun-part shade

evergreen yellow spring

Cercocarpus montanus

Alderleaf mtn. mahogany

6 ft/5 ft low up to 9,500 sun evergreen? pink/red spring?

Chamaebatiaria millefolium

Fernbush 6 ft/6 ft low up to 7,000 full sun deciduous white summer

Choisya dumosa Starleaf Mexican orange

2 ft/3 ft low up to 6,500 sun-part shade

evergreen white summer

Chrysactinia mexicana

Damianita 4 ft/4 ft low up to 6,000 sun-part-shade

evergreen yellow summer

Chrysothamnus nauseosus

Chamisa; rabbitbrush

4 ft/6 ft low up to 9,000 sun deciduous yellow fall

Cowania mexicana Cliffrose 15 ft/10 ft low up to 8,000 sun evergreen yellow summer Dalea formosa Feather dalea 2 ft/2 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun deciduous purple spring Dalea greggii Trailing

indigobush 1 ft/6 ft very low hardy to 10 F sun-part

shade deciduous purple spring-

fall

E-11

Dalea pulchra Pretty dalea 3 ft/3 ft very low up to 5,000 sun deciduous purple spring Dasylirion wheeleri Desert spoon;

sotol 7 ft/4 ft very low up to 6,000 sun evergreen yellow spring?

Dodonaea viscosa Hopbush 10 ft/6 ft low hardy to 15 F sun-part shade

evergreen yellow/green ?

Dyssodia acerosa Shrubby dogweed

0.5 ft/1 ft very low hardy to 10 F sun evergreen yellow summer

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Claret-cup cactus

1 ft/4 ft very low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

evergreen red/purple spring

Encelia farinosa Brittlebush 3 ft/4 ft low hardy to 15 F sun deciduous yellow spring Encelia frutescens Green

brittlebush 3 ft/4 ft low hardy to 5 F sun deciduous yellow spring

Ephedra trifurca Mormon tea 15 ft/15 ft very low up to 7,000 sun-part shade

evergreen yellow (male) spring

Ephedra viridis Jointfir 3 ft/3 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen green spring Ericameria larcifolia

Turpentinebush 6 ft/4 ft very low up to 6,000 sun-part shade

evergreen yellow fall

Eriodictyon angustifolium

Yerba santa 4 ft/5 ft very low up to 7,000 sun evergreen lavender spring?

Eriogonum fasciculatum

California buckwheat

5 ft/7 ft very low up to 7,000 sun-part shade

evergreen pink/white spring

Eriogonum umbellatum

Sulphur flower 1 ft/2 ft very low up to 11,000 sun evergreen yellow summer

Eriogonum wrightii Wright buckwheat

1.5 ft/2 ft low hardy to 0 F sun ? white/pink summer-fall

Fallugia paradoxa Apache plume 5 ft/5 ft very low up to 8,000 sun deciduous white/pink summer Fendlera rupicola Cliff

fendlerbush 6 ft/6 ft very low up to 7,000 sun evergreen? white spring

Ferocactus wislizenii

Fishhook barrel cactus

11 ft/2 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen orange summer

Flourensia cernua Tarbush 3 ft/3 ft very low hardy to 10 F sun evergreen yellow fall Forestiera neomexicana

New Mexico privet

15 ft/10 ft low up to 7,000 sun deciduous yellow spring

Fouquieria splendens

Ocotillo 15 ft/10 ft very low hardy to 10 F sun evergreen orange spring

Garrya flavescens Silktassel bush 6ft/4ft low up to 7,000 sun evergreen catkins white spring Garrya wrightii Wright

silktassel 8 ft/6 ft low hardy to 10 F sun-part

shade evergreen catkins white spring

Hesperaloe parviflora

Red yucca 3 ft/3 ft moderate up to 4,500? sun-part shade

evergreen pink spring-summer

Hippophae rhamnoides

Sea buckthorn 18 ft/12 ft low-high up to 7,000 sun deciduous green spring

Hyptis emoryi Desert lavender 12 ft/15 ft? very low up to 5,000 sun evergreen? purple spring Juniperus horizontalis

Creeping juniper

1.5 ft/8 ft low-high up to 8,000 sun-part shade

evergreen cones blue --

Larrea tridentata Creosote bush 10 ft/10 ft very low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

evergreen yellow spring

Leucophyllum frutescens

Texas ranger sage

6 ft/6 ft low up to 6,000? sun evergreen purple spring?

Lotus rigidus Deer-vetch 1.5 ft/2 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen yellow/orange spring Lycium andersonii Anderson

thornbush 6 ft/6 ft very low up to 6,000 sun evergreen? lavender spring

Lycium pallidum Pale wolfberry 4 ft/6 ft very low up to 7,000 sun evergreen? white spring Menodora scabra Rough

menodora 1 ft/1 ft very low hardy to 15 F sun evergreen? yellow spring-

summer Mimosa biuncifera Catclaw

mimosa 6 ft/6 ft very low up to 6,000 sun deciduous white/pink spring-

summer Mimulus aurantiacus

Monkeyflower 2 ft/2 ft very low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

evergreen various spring-fall

Nolina microcarpa Sacahuista; beargrass

5 ft/8 ft very low up to 6,500 sun evergreen green spring-summer

Nolina parryi ssp wolfii

Wolf's beargrass

8 ft/10 ft very low up to 6,000 sun-part shade

evergreen white (male) spring

E-12

Opuntia engelmannii

Engelmann's prickly pear

4 ft/10 ft very low up to 6,000 sun evergreen yellow spring

Opuntia imbricata Tree cholla 8 ft/10 ft very low up to 6,000 sun evergreen pink spring-summer

Opuntia leptocaulis

Desert Christmas cholla

2 ft/3 ft very low up to 5,000 sun evergreen yellow spring-summer

Opuntia santa rita Santa Rita prickly pear

4 ft/6 ft very low up to 4,000 sun evergreen yellow spring

Parthenium incanum

Mariola 3 ft/4 ft very low up to 6,500 sun deciduous white summer-fall

Poliomintha incana Hoary rosemarymint

4 ft/6 ft low hardy to 10 F sun evergreen blue summer

Potentilla fruticosa Cinquifoil; potentilla

4 ft/4 ft low up to 10,000 sun-part shade

deciduous yellow summer

Prunus besseyi Western sand cherry

6 ft/6 ft low-mod up to 8,000 sun deciduous white spring

Psorothamnus scoparia

Broom dalea 3 ft/4 ft very low hardy to 15 F sun deciduous? blue spring-summer

Quercus berberidifolia

California scrub oak

15 ft/12 ft very low up to 5,000 sun-part shade

evergreen insignificant? spring?

Quercus turbinella Scrub oak 8 ft/12 ft low hardy to 15 F sun-part shade

evergreen insignificant spring

Rhamnus californica

California buckthorn

10 ft/10 ft low hardy to 15 F sun-part shade

evergreen green/white spring

Rhus glabra Smooth sumac 7 ft/7 ft moderate up to 7,500 sun deciduous berries red ? Rhus microphylla Littleleaf sumac 8 ft/12 ft very low hardy to 5 F sun deciduous white spring Rhus ovata Sugar sumac 10 ft/10 ft low hardy to 10 F sun-part

shade evergreen white/pink spring

Rhus trilobata Three leaf sumac

6 ft/6 ft low-mod up to 9,000 sun-part shade

deciduous green spring

Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac

10 ft/15 ft low up to 7,500 sun-part shade

deciduous yellow summer

Rhus virens Evergreen sumac

8 ft/10 ft very low hardy to 5 F sun-part shade

evergreen white spring-summer

Ribes aureum Golden currant 6 ft/6 ft low-mod up to 8,000? part shade deciduous yellow spring Robinia neomexicana

New Mexico locust

20 ft/20 ft low-mod up to 8,500 sun deciduous pink summer

Rosa arizonica Arizona rose 4 ft/3 ft low up to 9,000 sun-shade deciduous pink spring-summer

Rosa x harisonii Harison's yellow rose

5 ft/6 ft low-mod up to 9,000 sun deciduous yellow spring

Rosmarinus officianalis

Rosemary 4 ft/4 ft low-mod hardy to 0 F sun-part shade

evergreen blue spring

Salazaria mexicana

Paperbag bush 3 ft/3 ft low hardy to 5 F sun deciduous purple/white spring

Salvia apiana White sage 5 ft/6 ft very low up to 5,000 sun evergreen white spring-summer

Salvia dorrii Dorri sage; desert sage

3 ft/3 ft very low up to 6,000 sun-part shade

evergreen blue/purple summer?

Salvia greggii Autumn sage 6 ft/5 ft low-mod up to 5,800 sun-part shade

evergreen red/pink/white spring-fall

Salvia mohavensis Mojave sage 2 ft/2.5 ft low hardy to 0 F sun evergreen blue/lavender spring-summer

Santolina chamaecyparissus

Lavender cotton

1.5 ft/2 ft low up to 8,000 sun evergreen yellow summer

Shepherdia argentea

Silver buffaloberry

10 ft/8 ft low up to 7,500 sun evergreen berries red summer?

Simmondsia chinensis

Jojoba 6 ft/6 ft very low up to 7,500 sun evergreen ? ?

Sphaeralcea ambigua

Globe mallow 3 ft/3 ft very low up to 8,000 sun-part sun evergreen orange summer

Stanleya pinnata Desert plume 5 ft/5 ft low up to 8,000 sun ? yellow spring-summer

E-13

Syringa rothomagensis

Chinese lilac 8/6 ft moderate up to 7,500 sun-part shade

deciduous purple spring

Syringa vulgaris Lilac 20 ft/15 ft low-mod up to 11,000 sun deciduous purple spring Tiquilia greggii Plum tiquilia 2 ft/2 ft very low hardy to 5 F sun deciduous pink/purple summer Ungnadia speciosa

Mexican buckeye

15 ft/15 ft very low hardy to 5 F sun-part shade

deciduous pink spring

Yucca angustissima

Narrowleaf yucca

4 ft/1.5 ft very low up to 7,500 sun evergreen white? summer?

Yucca baccata Banana yucca 3 ft/3 ft very low up to 7,000 sun evergreen white spring Yucca brevifolia Joshua tree 30 ft/20 ft very low up to 6,000 sun evergreen white/green spring

(not all) Yucca elata Soaptree yucca 10 ft/8 ft very low up to 6,000 sun evergreen white spring

(not all) Yucca schidigera Mohave yucca 15 ft/4 ft very low up to 8,000 sun-part

shade evergreen white/purple spring

Zizyphus obtusifolia

Graythorn 6 ft/8 ft very low hardy to 15 F sun deciduous insignificant summer

Materials last updated on March 4, 2000 Site contact for questions: jschalau@ag.arizona.edu Extension Webmaster (Website-related Questions and Comments): mblock@ag.arizona.edu © 1998 The University of Arizona. All contents copyrighted. All rights reserved.

E-14

Yavapai County Cooperative Extension Xeriscape List

Trees

Latin Name Common Name

Height/Width Water Hardiness Sun Exposure

Seasonality Flower Color

Flower Season

Acacia constricta Whitethorn acacia

10 ft/15 ft very low hardy to 5 F sun deciduous yellow spring

Acacia greggii Catclaw acacia

10 ft/15 ft very low hardy to 0 F sun deciduous yellow spring

Acacia wrightii Wright acacia

10 ft/10 ft very low hardy to 5 F sun deciduous white spring-summer

Adenostoma sparsifolium

Red shanks 20 ft/20 ft low up to 6,500 sun evergreen white summer

Arctostaphylos glauca

Blue manzanita

20 ft/20 ft very low up to 4,700 sun-part shade

evergreen white-pink spring

Canotia holacantha

Crucifixion thorn

20 ft/15 ft very low up to 4,700? full sun evergreen green spring

Celtis reticulata Netleaf hackberry

75 ft/75 ft low up to 6,000 full sun deciduous -- --

Cercidium floridum

Blue palo verde

20 ft/25 ft low hardy to 15 F sun deciduous yellow spring

Cercidium microphyllum

Foothill palo verde

12 ft/15 ft very low hardy to 15 F sun deciduous yellow spring

Chilopsis linearis Desert willow 40 ft/40 ft moderate up to 5,000 full sun deciduous lavender spring-summer

Crataegus crus-galli

Cockspur hawthorn

30 ft/35 ft low up to 5,500? sun deciduous white spring

Cupressus arizonica

Arizona cypress

40 ft/20 ft low up to 8,000 sun-part shade

evergreen -- --

Fraxinus cuspidata

Fragrant ash 18 ft/20 ft moderate up to 7,000 sun-part shade

deciduous white spring

Fraxinus greggii Gregg ash 15 ft/10 ft very low up to 6,000 sun evergreen? green? spring Fremontodendron californicum

California fremontia

25 ft/30 ft very low up to 6,000 sun-part shade

evergreen yellow spring

Juniperus deppeana

Alligator juniper

40 ft/20 ft low up to 8,000 sun evergreen cones brown

--

Juniperus monosperma

One-seed juniper

20 ft/8 ft very low up to 8,000 sun evergreen cones blue --

Juniperus osteosperma

Utah juniper 15 ft/15 ft very low up to 8,000 sun evergreen cones blue --

Juniperus scopulorum

Rocky Mountain juniper

30 ft/15 ft low up to 10,000 sun evergreen cones blue --

Koelreuteria paniculata

Goldenrain tree

30 ft/35 ft low-mod up to 6,000 sun deciduous yellow summer

Leucaena retusa Goldenball leadtree

25 ft/25 ft low up to 6,500 sun-part shade

deciduous yellow summer

Pinus edulis Pinyon pine 35 ft/25 ft low up to 8,000 sun evergreen cones brown

--

Pinus monophylla Singleleaf pinyon

20 ft/15 ft low up to 8,000 sun evergreen cones brown

--

Pistacia chinensis Chinese pistache

40 ft/40 ft moderate up to 8,000 sun deciduous insignificant --

Prosopis glandulosa

Torrey mesquite

35 ft/50 ft very low up to 5,000 sun deciduous yellow spring

Prosopis pubescens

Screwbean mesquite

15 ft/15 ft low hardy to 0 F sun deciduous yellow spring

E-15

Prosopis velutina Velvet mesquite

20 ft/30 ft low hardy to 5 F sun deciduous yellow spring

Prunus virginiana Chokecherry 30 ft/25 ft low-mod up to 10,000 sun deciduous white spring Quercus arizonica Arizona white

oak 60 ft/30 ft very low up to 7,000 sun evergreen -- --

Quercus dunnii Palmer oak 20 ft/15 ft very low up to 7,000 sun ? -- -- Quercus emoryi Emory oak 50 ft/30 ft very low up to 7,000 sun evergreen -- -- Quercus gambelii Gambel oak 10 ft/3 ft low up to 8,500 sun-part

shade evergreen insignificant spring?

Vitex agnus-castus

Monk's pepper tree

20 ft/15 ft low-mod up to ? sun deciduous purple summer-fall

Materials last updated on March 4, 2000 Site contact for questions: jschalau@ag.arizona.edu Extension Webmaster (Website-related Questions and Comments): mblock@ag.arizona.edu © 1998 The University of Arizona. All contents copyrighted. All rights reserved.

E-16

GUIDELINE for IRRIGATION

Guidelineto understand how much water is required to irrigate 1000 square feet of oasis

1” precipitation / 1000 SF collection surface = 623 gallons of water

• One acre feet = 325,851 gallons of water

OASIS AREAS – (High water use plants and Lawn areas)

Growing season 8” /month = 4984 gal / 1000 SF times 6 months = 29,904 gals

6 months /1000 SF

Dormant season 1” /month = 623 gal / 1000 SF times 6 months = 3,738 gals

6 months / 1000 SF

Year total needed per 1000 SF = 33,642 gals

Note: Turf or Oasis water budget formula is: one (1) square foot x 33.62 gallons

example: 1000 square feet oasis area requires no more than 33,642 gallons of water annually

TREES DRIP

Growing season (6 months) 10 cycles x (4.5 gal) x (6 month) = 270 gallons per tree over 6

months

Dormant season (6 months) 1 cycle x (4.5 gal) x (6 month) = 27 gallons per tree over 6

months

Year total needed per tree = 297 gals

SHRUBS DRIP

Growing season (6 months) 10x (3 gal)(6 months) = 180 gal / shrub / 6 months

Dormant season 1x (3 gal) (6 months) = 18 gal / shrub / 6 months

Year total needed per shrub = 198 gals

Reference: T.Barnabas Kane & Assoc. PC, Landscape Architecture + Eco-Logical Design

011007sm

E-17

0.65

1.53

3.7

4.76

5.61

6.52

7.12

5.85

4.33

2.15

0.76

0.62

A N

N U

A L

W A

T E

R D

E M

A N

D C

A L

E N

D A

R

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 0

Prescott, Arizona Climate and Geography

Location - Located in the mountains of north central Arizona and approximately 96 miles northwest

of Phoenix, Flagstaff is just 90 miles to the northeast, and the Grand Canyon is only about an hour

and three-quarters drive to the north. The City borders the Prescott National Forest to the south and

west. Prescott is the county seat of Yavapai County. To the north are the Granite Dells, looking

more like sculptured gardens than natural rock formations. Mountain views abound - from Prescott's

landmark Thumb Butte to Granite Mountain and the snow-capped San Francisco Peaks 75 miles to

the north.

Climate - Prescott's average elevation is 5,400 feet. The local climate is mild, with average

temperatures ranging from fifty degrees to ninety degrees F and the average precipitation recorded at

13 inches, most of which is rain. Humidity is very low year-round, and winter snow is only

occasional and moderate.

Fire Safety – Urban Interface conditions apply to nearly every site in Prescott. – Know the rules

Reference : http://www.city-data.com/city/Prescott-Arizona.html

Turf . Lawn . Grass – General Guide to Water Use Requirements

Dec 1.

Nov

Oct

Sep

1.

0.7.

1.3

Average

Precipitation

Aug 2.2

Jul 2.2

Jun 0.4

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

0.4

0.5

1.

1.

Average

Potable

Water

Requirement

Jan 1.

INCH OF WATER PER MONTH (RELATIVE)

1” of water is equal to about 650 gallons of all water resources applied to about 1000 square feet area. Resource: U of A

- Yavapai County Cooperative Extension – Turfgrass Consumptive Use: Prescott, AZ, Turf Irrigation Management Series

E-18

OUTDOORS WATER CONSERVATION GUIDELINES

Irrigation System Efficiency

□ Runoff and Overspray. Soil types and infiltration rate should be considered when designing irrigation systems. All irrigation systems should be designed to avoid runoff, low head drainage, overspray, or other similar conditions where water flows onto adjacent property, non-irrigated areas, walks, roadways, or structures. Proper irrigation equipment and schedules, including features such as repeat cycles, should be used to closely match application rates to infiltration rates therefore minimizing runoff. (see Turf Lawn Irrigation schedule )

□ Special attention should be given to avoid runoff on slopes and to avoid overspray in planting areas with a width less than ten feet, and in median strips.

□ No overhead sprinkler irrigation systems should be installed in median strips less than ten feet wide.

Equipment

□ Water meters for irrigation purpose may be separate landscape water meters and may be installed for all commercial projects. Exceptions, single-family homes or any commercial project with a landscaped area of less than 5,000 square feet may not have a separate irrigation meter.

□ Controllers. Automatic control systems should be required for all irrigation systems and must be able to accommodate all aspects of the design.

□ Backflow-cross connection device are code required on all automated in ground irrigation systems. Request a copy of building permit and final device test for landscape record. Remember to winterize device every fall before the first freeze.

□ Zoning system valves. Separate valves shall irrigate plants that require different amounts of water. If one valve is used for a given area, only plants with similar water use shall be used in that area. Anti-drain (check) valves should be installed in strategic points to minimize or prevent low-head drainage.

□ Sprinkler heads. Heads and emitters shall have consistent application rates within each control valve circuit. Sprinkler heads shall be selected for proper area coverage, application rate, operating pressure, adjustment capability, and ease of maintenance.

□ Rain Sensing Override Devices. Rain sensing override devices shall be required on all irrigation

systems.

□ Soil Moisture Sensing Devices. It is recommended that soil moisture sensing devices be considered

where appropriate.

E-19

Recycled Water-Effluent and Harvested Water

□ The installation of recycled water irrigation systems (dual distribution systems) shall be optional to allow for the current and future use of recycled water.

□ Irrigation systems may make use of rainwater harvested water distribution and design upon a a written approval which has been granted by the local water agency, stating that harvested water proposed meets all health and safety standards.

□ All recycled water and harvested irrigation systems shall be designed and operated in accordance with all local and state codes.

Irrigation System Exceptions

May include the use of supplemental harvested rainwater on public and private landscapes to

reduce the use of potable water for landscape irrigation. Alternative irrigation system design and

installation are encouraged and may be approved the Community Development Director subject to

proven effectiveness. Irrigation Schedules

□ An annual irrigation program with monthly irrigation schedules should be required for the plant establishment period, for the established landscape, and for any temporarily irrigated areas.

□ Irrigation system as built plan should be submitted to homeowner for permanent record.

Annual watering schedule recommendations: ( Put a watering chart inside irrigation

timer box )

A. Include run time (in minutes per cycle), suggested number of cycles per day, and frequency

of irrigation for each station;

B. Provide the amount of applied water (in gallons of water projected for use) recommended on

a monthly and annual basis;

C. The total amount of water for the project should only include water designated in the

Estimated Total Water Use calculation plus water needed for any water features, which

should be considered as a high water using hydrozone;

D. Recreational areas designated in the landscape design plan should be highlighted and the

irrigation schedule should indicate if any additional water is needed above the water budget

because of high plant factors, recreation sport schedules or other predicted and seasonal use

program. (but not due to irrigation inefficiency);

E. Whenever possible, irrigation scheduling should incorporate the use of evapo-transpiration

(ET) data such as those from the Irrigation Management Information System (IMIS) weather

stations or the Yavapai Extension Agency standard developed to apply the appropriate levels

of water for different climates;

F. As required seasonally, landscape irrigation shall be scheduled between 8:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. to avoid irrigating during times of high wind or high temperature. April 15 through October 1st Annually.

E-20

Maintenance Schedules

• Unless otherwise specified, the maintenance of landscaping in the public right-of-way is

the responsibility of the adjacent property owner, whether an individual, corporation, or

homeowner’s association.

• Landscaped areas should be reasonably maintained by the owner or the lessee of the property,

including pruning, trimming, weeding, and other requirements necessary to create an attractive

appearance for the development. Lack of maintenance of required landscaping material shall

constitute a violation of this Code.

• Plant materials not surviving should be replaced within 90 days of its demise utilizing Prescott

AMA Low Water Use Drought Tolerant Plant List.

• A regular maintenance schedule satisfying the following conditions shall be submitted as

part of the Landscape Documentation Package:

• Landscapes should be maintained to ensure water efficiency. A regular maintenance schedule

shall include but not limited to checking, adjusting, and repairing irrigation equipment;

resetting the automatic controller; aerating and detaching turf areas; replenishing mulch;

fertilizing; pruning, and weeding in all landscaped areas.

• Whenever possible, repair of irrigation equipment should be done with the originally

specified materials or their equivalents.

Landscape Irrigation Audit Schedules

• A schedule of landscape irrigation audits, for all but single family residences should be

conducted at the completion of all landscape projects in support of documenting the water

budget allocation. The auditor should provide for the property owner a monthly irrigation

schedule.

• A certified landscape irrigation auditor should conduct landscape irrigation audits at least

once every five years.

Grading Design Plan

• Grading design plans satisfying the following conditions may be submitted as part of the

Landscape Documentation Package.

• A grading design plan should be drawn on the same scale as the project base sheets.

• It shall be separate from but use the same format as the landscape design plan.

• The grading design plan should indicate finished configurations and elevations of the

landscaped area, including the height of graded slopes, drainage patterns, pad elevations, and

finish grade.

E-21

Soils

• A soil analysis may be submitted as part of the Landscape Documentation Package.

• Determination of soil texture, assist in indicating the percentage of organic matter.

• An approximate soil infiltration rate (either measured or derived from soil texture/infiltration

rate tables.) A range of infiltration rates should be noted where appropriate.

• Request a measure of soil pH, and total soluble salts in support of improving soil conditions.

• An organic mulch of at least three inches should be applied to all planting areas over a weed

barrier

• Oasis and turf areas should improve soils to a depth of 6-inch minimum. Commercial,

Industrial and Municipal development projects are required to prepare oasis areas with 6”

compost soil as a standard conservation practice.

F-1

Section F: RAINWATER HARVESTING INFORMATION

FAQ about Rainwater Harvesting Page F-2

Harvesting Rainwater for Landscape Use Page F-5

Complex Water Harvesting Systems Page F-6

Elements of a Complex Water Harvesting System Page F-7

Complex Water Harvesting System Design & Construction Page F-10

Final design and construction Page F-13

F-2

FAQ about Rainwater Harvesting

What is rainwater harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting, or rainwater collection, is the gathering and storing of

rainwater. Traditionally, rainwater harvesting has been practiced in arid and wet

areas, and has provided drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock and

water for landscape irrigation.

How is rainwater harvested?

Rainwater is harvested two ways. Passive rainwater collection occurs when rain is

collected in natural or man-made earthworks such as ditches, ponds or swales.

Complex rainwater collection occurs when rain is collected in containers such as

tanks, cisterns or rain barrels. Complex collection lets the user control how much

water is collected and access it when needed.

What are some typical uses for

harvested rainwater?

There are lots of ways to make use of captured rain. The best is landscape

irrigation. Rainwater is the beverage of choice for plants and soil, and doesn’t

contain harmful chemicals such as chlorine and salts found in public water

supplies. Stored rainwater is a reliable water source that the user controls.

Rainwater collection systems are usually linked into existing irrigation systems

and provide a spigot to easily access rainwater with a hose or bucket. Systems

may be integrated with gray-water recycling systems, too. Depending on the

level of filtration and purification, stored rainwater can also be used for water

features, fire protection, laundry, showers and tubs, cooking, and drinking.

F-3

I live in a dry region. Does it rain

enough here for harvesting?

Yes! A typical 2500 ft2 rooftop in Prescott, Arizona, a high desert area that

receives just 13 inches of precipitation a year, can collect about 18,000 gallons of

fresh rainwater annually. That’s more than enough to water a typical landscape

for a home this size, especially if plants have been selected for regional

climate conditions. In areas prone to drought and dry-spells, rainwater harvesting

puts a reliable water source in your hands without taxing precious water resources.

How much landscaping can I water with

harvested rain?

That depends on how much you collect and what your plants require. Capture

potential is calculated by multiplying collection area (total square footage of

roofs and hard surfaces) by gallons of rainwater per square foot per year that your

home receives. Visit www.skywaterarizona.com Resources page to download

general information, calculation instructions and a spreadsheet to quickly

determine your watering needs and collection potential.

How many tanks do I need? What size?

How much do they cost?

Tank capacity is determined by many variables. How much can you collect? How

will the rainwater be used and how much do you need? Does your region experience

seasonal dry-spells and rainy periods that warrant a lot of storage? How much

space do you have for aboveground tanks, or should you consider going

underground? And how much do you want to spend?

Do I need gutters on my house to collect rain?

Technically, you can collect rain from a rooftop without gutters by positioning

containers under any spot prone to water run-off, but that’s not very efficient.

Good rainwater harvesting system design carefully considers gutter size,

screening and location to maximize collection.

F-4

Are pumps required to collect rainwater?

Pump requirements depend on several things, including how and where the water

will be used, landscape topography and system design. Pumps are recommended

for landscape irrigation.

Can I drink rainwater?

Do not drink untreated rainwater. While the quality of rain itself is usually good

when it leaves the clouds, it passes through a lot of obstacles before reaching your

spigot. Contaminants include air pollutants, roof dirt, chemicals around the

collection area and decaying organic matter. Rainwater can be used for drinking

when properly filtered and purified.

I live in a community with a homeowners association. Will it

allow rainwater harvesting?

More and more homeowners associations and similar bodies are embracing water-

and energy-efficiency systems, including rainwater harvesting. Several states

prohibit HOAs from restricting systems and some provide incentives to HOAs

that adopt water conservation practices. In addition, manufacturers have

responded by designing rainwater collection equipment such as Bushman low

profile and Slimline tanks that tuck neatly up against a wall in colors to blend in

with house exteriors or foliage. Good design can also go far in creating a system

that is compliant with HOA regulations. Check with your HOA before installing.

Is there a local resource that can help with the design and

construction of a rainwater harvesting system?

Barnabas Kane at Skywater Rainwater Collection Systems is highly regarded in

this area. He can be reached at (928) 445-3515

F-5

Harvesting Rainwater for Landscape Use

Patricia H. Waterfall

Extension Agent

University of Arizona Cooperative

http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/water/az1052/harvest.html#conclusion

Series of planted water harvesting basins on a slope.

Harvesting rainwater will reduce the use of drinking water for landscape irrigation. Coupled with

the use of native and desert-adapted plants, rainwater harvesting is an effective water conservation

tool because it provides "free" water that is not from the municipal supply. There are many benefits

to harvesting rainwater. Water harvesting not only reduces dependence on ground water and the

amount of money spent on water, but also reduces off-site flooding and erosion by holding

rainwater on the site. Rainwater is a clean, salt-free source of water for plants. In addition,

rainwater harvesting can reduce salt accumulation in the soil that can be harmful to root growth.

When collected, rainwater percolates into the soil, forcing salts down and away from the root zone

area. This allows for greater root growth and water uptake, which increases the drought tolerance of

plants. Limitations of water harvesting are few and are easily met by good planning and design.

Water harvesting is the capture, diversion, and storage of rainwater for plant irrigation and other

uses. It is appropriate small-scale residential landscapes. System design ranges from simple to

complex. There are many water harvesting opportunities on developed sites, even very small yards

can benefit from water harvesting. And, water harvesting can easily be planned into a new

landscape during the design phase.

Water Harvesting System Components

A rainfall water harvesting system has three components: the supply (rainfall), the demand

(landscape water requirement), and the system that moves the water to the plants. Storage is an

additional element that is optional. We will only discuss systems with storage because in the

Prescott area natural rainfall is not enough to support landscape.

F-6

Complex Water Harvesting Systems

Water harvesting cannot provide a completely dependable source of irrigation water because it is

dependent on the weather, and weather is not dependable. To get the maximum benefit from

rainwater harvesting, some storage can be built into the water harvesting system to provide water

between rainfall events. In Southern and Central Arizona there are two rainy periods (summer and

winter) with long dry periods between the two. Heavy rain events can produce more water than is

needed by a landscape during that rainfall. Once the root zone of the plants has been thoroughly

wetted, the rainwater begins to move below the root zone. At this point plants are well irrigated. As

the soil becomes saturated, water begins to run off or stand on the surface. The saturation point and

the onset of runoff are dependent on the texture and condition of the soil. (Sandy soils accept more

water than clayey soils.)

Many people ask whether they can harvest enough water in an average year to provide sufficient

irrigation for an entire landscape. The answer is, it depends. If you are interested in designing a

totally self-sufficient water harvesting system, then the amount of water harvested and the water

needed for landscape irrigation should be in balance. Storage capacity plays a big role in this

equation by making rainwater available in the dry seasons when the plants need it.

Rainfall harvesting systems that utilize storage result in larger water savings and higher construction

costs. These more complex systems are more appropriate for larger facilities and may require

professional assistance to design and construct. With such a system the cost of storage, particularly

the disposal of soil and rock from underground storage construction is a major consideration. The

investment pay back period may be several years. Is the cost of storage greater than the cost of

water? In many cases, yes. In this case the personal commitment to a "water conservation ethic"

may come into play. A more realistic goal, and one that is followed by most people is to harvest less

than the total landscape requirement. Another option is to reduce your demand by reducing planting

areas or planting densities. This involves less storage and is therefore less expensive.

Complex water harvesting system with roof catchment, gutter, downspout, storage, & drip

irrigation distribution system.

F-7

Elements of a Complex Water Harvesting System

Components of complex systems that utilize storage include catchment areas, usually a roof,

conveyance systems, storage, and distribution systems, to control where the water goes. The amount

of water or "yield" that the catchment area will provide depends on the size of the catchment area

and its surface texture. Concrete, asphalt, or brick paving and smooth-surfaced roofing materials

provide high yields. Bare soil surfaces provide harvests of medium yield, with compacted clayey

soils yielding the most. Planted areas, such as grass or groundcover areas, offer the lowest yields

because the plants hold the water longer allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. This is not necessarily

a problem, depending whether you want to use collected water directly or store it for later use.

Conveyance systems direct the water from the catchment area to the storage container. With a roof

catchment system the gutter and downspouts are the means of conveyance. Gutters and downspouts

are either concealed inside the walls of buildings or attached to the exterior of buildings. They can

be added to the outside of a building at anytime. Proper sizing of gutters is important to collect as

much rainfall as possible.

Area of roof = Length X width

Before the water is stored it should be filtered to remove particles and debris. The degree of

filtration is dependent on the size of the distribution tubing (drip systems would require more and

finer filtering than water distributed through a hose). Filters can be in-line or a leaf screen can be

placed over the gutter at the top of the downspout. Many people divert the first part of the rainfall to

eliminate debris from the harvested water. The initial rain "washes" debris off the roof, the later

F-8

rainfall, which is free of debris and dust, is then collected. Always cover the storage container to

prevent mosquito and algae growth and also to prevent debris from getting into the storage

container.

Storage allows full utilization of excess rainfall, by making water available later when it is needed.

Locate storage near downspouts or at the end of the downspout. Storage can be underground or

aboveground. Storage containers can be made of polyethylene, fiberglass, wood, or metal.

Underground containers are a more expensive choice because of the cost of soil excavation and

removal. Pumping the water out of the container adds an additional cost. Swimming pools, stock

tanks, septic tanks, ferrocement culverts, concrete block, poured in place concrete, or building rock

can be used for underground storage. Look in the Yellow Pages under "Tanks," "Feed Dealers,"

"Septic Tanks," and "Swimming Pools" to locate storage containers. Estimates for the cost of

storage ranges from $100 to $3500, depending on the system, degree of filtration, and the distance

between the storage and the place of use.2 Examples of above ground containers include large

garbage cans, 55-gallon plastic or steel drums, barrels, tanks, cisterns, stock tanks, fiberglass

fishponds, storage tanks, and above ground swimming pools. Above ground storage buildings or

large holding tanks made of concrete block, stone, plastic bags filled with sand, or rammed earth

also can also be used.

Roof catchment with sloping driveway, french drain and underground storage.

If storage is unsightly, it can be designed into the landscape by placing it in an unobtrusive place or

hiding it with a structure, screen, and/or plants. In all cases, storage should be located close to the

area of use and placed at an elevated level to take advantage of gravity flow. Ideally, on a sloped lot

the storage area is located at the high end of the property to facilitate gravity flow. Some times it is

more useful to locate several smaller cisterns near where water is required because they are easier to

handle and camouflage. If the landscaped area is extensive, several tanks can be connected to

increase storage capacity. In the case that all storage tanks become full and rainfall continues,

alternative storage for the extra water must be found. A concave lawn area would be ideal as a

holding area where the rainwater could slowly percolate into the soil.

The distribution system directs the water from the storage containers to landscaped areas. The

distribution device can be a hose, constructed channels, pipes, perforated pipes, or a manual drip

system. Gates and diverters can be used to control flow rate and flow direction. A manual valve or

motorized ball valve located near the bottom of the storage container can assist gravity fed

irrigation. If gravity flow is not possible, an in-line electric pump hooked to a hose can be used.

F-9

The distribution of water through an automatic drip irrigation system requires extra effort to work

effectively. A small submersible pump will be required to provide enough pressure to activate the

remote control valve (minimum 20 psi). The pump should have the capability of turning off when

there is no water in the tank to avoid burning the pump out.

Vine used to screen storage tank.

F-10

Complex Water Harvesting System Design & Construction

If you are designing a complex water harvesting system, draw your system on paper before you

begin to construct it to save time and effort. You may not want to do any calculations, but if you do,

a more functional and efficient system will result. However, doing the calculations does not

eliminate the need to field test the system. The steps involved in designing a complex water

harvesting system include site analysis, calculation, design, and construction. If the project is

complicated, divide the site into sub-drainage areas and repeat the following steps for each sub-area.

Site Analysis. If you are starting with a new landscape or working with an existing one, draw your

site and all the site elements to scale. Plot the existing drainage flow patterns by observing your

property during a rain. Show the direction of the water flow with arrows. Also, indicate high and

low areas on your plan. Look for catchment areas to harvest water; for example, paved areas, roof

surfaces, and bare earth. Next, find planted areas or potential planting areas that require irrigation.

Also, locate above or belowground storage near planted areas. Decide how you are going to move

water from the catchment area to the holding area or storage container. Rely on gravity to move

water whenever you can. Also decide how you are going to move the water through the site from

one landscaped area to another landscaped area. Again, if the site is too large or the system too

complicated divide the area into sub-drainage systems.

Calculations. Calculate the monthly supply (rainfall harvest potential) and the monthly demand

(plant water requirement) for a year. Next, calculate your monthly storage requirement if you are

designing a more complex system.

1 CUBIC FOOT (CF) = 7.48 GALLONS

100 CUBIC FEET (CCF) = 748 GALLONS

Calculate supply (Tables 1 and 2) - The equation for calculating supply measures the amount of

water (in gallons) capable of being harvested from a catchment area.

SUPPLY (Gallons) = (Catchment Area (ft2 ) x Rainfall (ft)) x Runoff Coefficient x 7.48 gal/ft3

The area of the catchment is expressed in square feet, for example a 10 x 20 ft catchment area is 200

ft2 (square feet). Measure a sloped roof by measuring the area that is covered by the roof, usually

the length and width of the building. The catchment area is multiplied by the amount of rainfall

converted to feet to get the volume of water that is expressed in cubic feet (Table 3). The runoff

coefficient tells what percent of the rainfall can be harvested from specific surfaces (Table 4). The

conversion number 7.48 converts cubic feet to gallons. The higher numbers represent a smoother

surface that the lower numbers.

Table 1 gives monthly amounts for rainfall in Prescott

F-11

Roof catchment with multiple storage cans connected to a hose adjacent to a landscape holding

area.

Table 1 - Average Monthly Rainfall Prescott

Month Inches Month Inches

Jan. 1.0 July 2.2

Feb. 1.0 August 2.2

Mar. 1.0 Sept. 1.3

April 0.5 Oct. 0.7

May 0.4 Nov. 1.0

June 0.4 Dec. 1.0

Total = 12.7 inches

F-12

Table 2 - Total Monthly Supply Prescott

Roof Area = 2500 Square Feet Runoff Coefficient = 0.90

Month Roof

SF

Runoff

Coefficient

Rainfall

Inches

Convert

Gallons

Yield

Gallons

Jan. 2500 0.90 1.0 7.48 1402

Feb. 2500 0.90 1.0 7.48 1402

Mar. 2500 0.90 1.0 7.48 1402

Apr. 2500 0.90 0.5 7.48 701

May 2500 0.90 0.4 7.48 561

Jun 2500 0.90 0.4 7.48 561

Jul 2500 0.90 2.2 7.48 3085

Aug 2500 0.90 2.2 7.48 3085

Sept. 2500 0.90 1.3 7.48 1823

Oct. 2500 0.90 0.7 7.48 982

Nov. 2500 0.90 1.0 7.48 1402

Dec. 2500 0.90 1.0 7.48 1402

Total 12.7 17,808

Calculate demand — The demand equation tells you how much water is required for a given

landscaped area. Page E-16 provides some guidelines for plant requirements. The equation for

calculating demand for new or established landscapes is based on monthly evapo-transpiration

(ETo) information. Newly planted vegetation requires more water until they are established. HINT:

Grouping plants with similar water requirements simplifies the system by making the amount of

water needed to maintain those plants easier to calculate. If there is not enough water harvested for

landscape watering, there are several options:

increase the catchment area;

reduce the amount of landscaped area;

reduce the plant density;

replace the plants with lower water use plants;

use mulch to reduce surface evaporation;

use greywater;

use municipal or water company water.

Final design and construction

F-13

Use your site analysis information and your potential supply and demand calculations to size and

locate catchment areas. For new construction, if possible, size the catchment area to accommodate

the maximum landscape water requirement. If you cannot do this you may want to reduce plant

water demand by either lowering planting density or selecting lower water use plants. Roofs or

shade structures can be designed or retrofitted to maximize the size of the catchment area. If you are

planning a new landscape, create a landscape that can live on the amount of water harvested from

the existing roof catchment area. This can be accomplished by careful plant selection and control of

the number of plants used. For the most efficient use of the harvested water, group plants with

similar water requirements together. Remember that new plantings, even native plants, require

special care and will need supplemental irrigation during the establishment period which can range

between one and three years. (Use the supply and demand calculations to determine this.) Use

gutters and downspouts to convey the water from the roof to the storage area. Consult Table 15 and

16 for tips on selecting and installing gutters and downspouts.

Table - 3 Guidelines Gutters

Select gutters that are 5 inches wide.

Select galvanized steel (26 gauge minimum) or aluminum (.025 inch minimum) gutters.

Slope gutters 1/16" per 1' of gutter, to enhance flow.

Use an expansion joint at the connection, if a straight run of gutter exceeds 40 feet.

Keep the front of the gutter one-half inch lower than the back.

Provide gutter hangers every 3 feet.

Do not exceed 45-degree angle bends in horizontal pipe runs.

Select elbows in 45, 60, 75, or 90-degree sizes.

Table - 4 Guidelines Downspouts

Space downspouts a minimum of 20 feet apart, a maximum of 50 feet apart.

Provide 1 square inch of downspout area, for every 100 square feet of roof area.

Select downspouts in different configurations -- square, round, and corrugated round,

depending on your needs.

Use 4-inch diameter Schedule 40 PVC to convey water to the storage container or filter.

Section G: CONTROLLING TREE PARASITES

True Mistletoes Page G-1

Pinyon Needle Scale Page G-4

ARIZONA COOPERATIVE

E TENSIONRevised 01/11AZ1308

True mistletoes are parasitic flowering plants with characteristic clumps of aerial shoots that are easily visible on the host plant. Most have leaves, even though they may be greatly reduced in some species. Shoots vary in length from several inches to several feet. True mistletoes are dioecious, and female plants have flowers and produce oneseeded berries while male plants have small inconspicuous flowers that produce pollen. Seeds are disseminated by birds that eat or transport berries and deposit the seeds on host plants.

When a seed germinates on its host plant, the mistletoe penetrates the host directly. The parasitic mistletoe plant develops inside its host for about two years before producing aerial shoots on the outside of the plant. True mistletoe shoots contain chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis but depend on their host plant for carbohydrates as well as water and mineral nutrients. They typically cause a slow decline in the host plant over many years.

True mistletoes differ from dwarf mistletoes in that they are generally less damaging to their host; they are larger and more conspicuous; and the seeds are disseminated by birds, making them more difficult to control. True mistletoes vary in their host specificity, some infecting only one or few host species and others infecting a wide range of host plants, unlike dwarf mistletoes that are very specific to their hosts and infect only conifers.

PathogenTrue mistletoe, Phoradendron species

HostsTrue mistletoes infect many different trees and shrubs at different elevations in Arizona:

• Phoradendron juniperum occurs on all juniper species including alligator juniper, one-seeded juniper, Utah juniper, and Rocky Mountain juniper; clumps have a rounded appearance; leaves are reduced and inconspicuous.

• Phoradendron capitellatum occurs on alligator juniper and Utah juniper in central Arizona and southward. It has small hairy leaves. Both juniper mistletoes may occur in the same locality and even in the same tree.

• Phoradendron densum occurs on Arizona cypress in central Arizona. Its leaves have a smooth surface.

• Phoradendron macrophyllum occurs on many hardwoods including cottonwood, ash, black locust, hackberry, maple, walnut, sycamore and willow from west Texas

Mary W. Olsen

At a Glance• True mistletoes are parasitic flowering plants with

characteristic clumps of growth that are easily visible on the host plant.

• True mistletoe seeds are disseminated by birds that eat or transport the berries and deposit seeds on host plants.

• True mistletoes reduce the growth of infected hosts, but it usually takes many years for true mistletoe infections to kill a mature tree or shrub.

• True mistletoes are controlled by periodic manual removal of aerial shoots, by cutting off infected branches and by removal of heavily infested trees and shrubs.

True Mistletoes

True mistletoe aerial shoots with berries.

2 The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension

to northern California. It does not infect oak. It has well developed, slightly hairy leaves. It is conspicuous in winter when host trees lose their leaves and is harvested as Christmas mistletoe in Arizona.

• Phoradendron coryae occurs on oaks throughout Arizona. It has well developed leaves, and clumps often blend in well with the oak foliage.

• Phoradendron californicum occurs mainly on leguminous trees and shrubs such as Acacia, ironwood, mesquite and palo verde, and sometimes other desert plants, throughout the southwestern United States. Leaves are reduced to inconspicuous scales, stems are reddish, and clumps may be very large, especially in palo verde.

• Phoradendron pauciflorum occurs only on white fir in the Santa Catalina Mountains and is the only true mistletoe that infects a member of the pine family in Arizona.

GENERALIZED DISEASE CYCLE OF TRUE MISTLETOE

aerial shoots visibleon host

year 2 and after

flowering andberry production

seed dispersalby birds

seed germination and

penetration into hostyear 1

initial developmentof sinkers and haustoria

in host tissueyear 1 - 2

Symptoms/signsThe first visible sign of infection is small aerial shoots

coming out of the host plant. There are usually several or many shoots in a clump. Shoots become woody as they mature. All true mistletoes are dioecious, and female plants have flowers and small one-seeded berries while male plants have small inconspicuous flowers that produce pollen. Both male and female plants must exist in close proximity for pollination and fruit development. Each clump may develop into a large conspicuous growth. Swelling and branch distortions often occur at infection sites, and infected wood is weakened.

DiseaseMistletoes must have a living host plant on which to

grow. Although true mistletoes are flowering plants and contain chlorophyll, they have no true roots and must

3The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, James A. Christenson, Director, Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, The University of Arizona.

The University of Arizona is an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution. The University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, or sexual orientation in its programs and activities.

The UniversiTy of ArizonACollege of AgriCUlTUre And life sCienCesTUCson, ArizonA 85721

MAry W. olsen Extension Plant Pathologist, School of Plant Sciences

ConTACT:MAry W. olsenmolsen@cals.arizona.edu

This information has been reviewed by university faculty.cals.arizona.edu/pubs/diseases/az1308.pdf

Originally published: 2003

Other titles from Arizona Cooperative Extension can be found at:cals.arizona.edu/pubs

Any products, services, or organizations that are mentioned, shown, or indirectly implied in this publication do not imply endorsement by The University of Arizona.

ARIZONA COOPERATIVE

E TENSION THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES

obtain some carbohydrates as well as all their water and mineral nutrients from their hosts. Infections cause reduced host vigor because mistletoes compete with their hosts for nutrients and water.

Mistletoe seeds are disseminated by birds in several ways, depending on bird species. Seeds are disseminated as birds (1) wipe them off while preening, resulting primarily in dispersal in one host; (2) regurgitate them, resulting in dispersal to nearby hosts; or (3) excrete them after feeding on the berries, resulting in dispersal in a larger area.

The seeds germinate on host plants and penetrate directly by root-like structures that become progressively buried in the host wood. These structures (cortical haustoria in the phloem and sinkers in the wood) enable the mistletoe to acquire water and nutrients from host. True mistletoes develop inside the host for up to two years before sending out aerial shoots.

Environmental conditionsVigor of true mistletoe plants is usually related to that

of the host, and it may decline in otherwise healthy trees during dry periods when host plants are water stressed. On the other hand, heavily infected trees are probably more susceptible to other stresses and insect infections. Seeds of most species require moisture for germination, so infections occur during rainy periods.

Prevention/controlPrevention of true mistletoe infections is very difficult

since birds disseminate the seeds over large areas. True mistletoes are not aggressive pathogens, and it can take decades for mature, infested trees to die. Therefore, planting young trees, especially those that are not hosts, near older trees before they are removed or die is recommended. Young or small trees are seldom infected because birds prefer to perch in the tops of taller and/or more mature trees. Periodic recruitment of new young trees among older infested trees also allows some mistletoe to remain as part of the landscape. Since the berries of true mistletoes mature in winter, they are an important winter food source for many bird species. Clumps of mistletoe growth are also attractive nesting sites.

Areawide efforts to clean out trees in an entire neighborhood or development may be effective in preventing infections in new trees, but requires the cooperation of a large number of people including homeowners, businesses and public agencies. Without community cooperation, infestations will recur.

Control of true mistletoe depends on physical removal of the aerial shoots from the host plant by pruning infected branches or by periodic removal of the shoots. Breaking

off shoots every two or three years will reduce competition between the mistletoe and the host. Repetitive pruning also will prevent spread since the mistletoe will not have a chance to produce seed, but aerial shoot removal does not eradicate the mistletoe. Shoots also may be removed by application of ethefon products (ethylene) that cause abscission of the shoots but do not kill the internal infection. Infested limbs can be cut out every year at least one foot below the infection site or preferably pruned at the nearest crotch. Periodic aerial shoot removal is the only control in trees with main stem or trunk infections. For trees and shrubs where a heavy infestation has persisted for several years, removal may be the only remedy.

Multiple infections of true mistletoe.

ARIZONA COOPERATIVE

E TENSION

Pinyon needle Scale Revised 12/11AZ1315

Jeff Schalau

Pinyon needle scales (Matsucoccus acalyptus) are very small (0.5 mm) sucking insects that feed on pinyon, singleleaf pinyon, and foxtail pines in the southwestern United States. Outbreaks of these native insects occur in both naturally occurring stands and ornamental plantings. The first noticeable sign of pinyon needles scale colonization is an overall thinning of the foliage leaving only tufts of needles at the branch tips (Figure 1). Repeated colonization weakens and frequently kills small trees. In addition, pinyon needle scale may predispose larger trees to colonization by other insects, primarily pinyon pine engravers (Ips confusus).

Understanding the biology and behavior of these insects is critical to effective management. In central and northern Arizona, wingless, adult females emerge from the previous

year’s scale coverings during mid- to late-April and mate with winged males. Most males overwinter in silk webbing in litter beneath trees. After mating, the females lay yellow eggs in clusters of white, cottony webbing (Figure 2) at the base of the tree, on undersides of large branches, in branch crotches, or in cracks of rough bark. About four weeks after the eggs are laid, tiny red eyespots appear which are visible with the aid of a hand lens. Seven

Figure 1. Fading pinyon pine with needle scale.

Figure 2. Pinyon needle scale egg mass.

at a glance• Pinyonneedlescalesaresmallsuckinginsects.

• Removingeggmassescaneffectivelyreducepopulations.

• Deep, infrequent irrigation increases tree vigor duringdrought periods.

• Insecticides are effective, but timing of application, lifestage,anduseoftheappropriateproductiscritical.

2 The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension

to ten days after the eyespots appear, the eggs hatch into crawlers (nymphs) (Figure 3) which climb upward in the tree to the foliage at the ends of branches. The crawlers usually colonize the previous year’s foliage causing severe needle stunting and defoliation. They may also colonize new foliage during heavy infestations. They feed on the cell sap of foliage using piercing mouthparts. Once feeding begins, they become immobile, cover their body with a wax coating, and turn black. In central and northern Arizona, this normally occurs in late May or early June. The scales remain as small (1 to 1.5 mm) black beans (second instar nymphs) that are attached to the needles throughout the winter (Figure 4). By early spring, the nymphs resume development, change into adults, and move to the trunk, tree base, and larger branches. These adults mate and lay cottony egg masses to begin the next generation.

Cultural control methods can greatly reduce population levels and minimize the need to apply insecticides. Monitor egg-laying activity and destroy the egg masses before they hatch. First, rake up the egg masses, bag, seal, and discard with household waste. Next, force the remaining egg masses away from the tree with a high-pressure nozzle attached to a garden hose.

Tree vigor can be maintained through deep, infrequent irrigation. During drought periods, irrigation should start three to four weeks after the soil has dried in spring and continue until summer rainfall begins. Soaker hoses placed at the tree’s drip line are an inexpensive and practical means to irrigate.

The adult’s waxy, protective coating safeguards them from environmental factors, predators, and contact insecticides. However, chemical control can be effective if applied at the proper life stage. Contact insecticides, such as malathion and horticultural oil, are effective when scales are in the crawler stage. Dimethoate is a systemic insecticide labeled for application on pinyon needle scale egg masses prior to emergence. Egg masses at the

Any products, services or organizations that are mentioned, shown or indirectly implied in this publication do not imply endorsement by The University of Arizona.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Kirk A. Astroth, Interim Director, Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona.

The University of Arizona is an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution. The University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, or sexual orientation in its programs and activities.

The UniversiTy of ArizonACollege of AgriCUlTUre And life sCienCesTUCson, ArizonA 85721

Jeff sChAlAU Yavapai County Extension Director and Agent, Agriculture & Natural Resources

deborAh yoUng Former Associate Director Cooperative Extension

ConTACT:Jeff sChAlAU jschalau@ag.arizona.edu

This information has been reviewed by University faculty.cals.arizona.edu/pubs/insects/az1315pdf

Originally published: 2003Other titles from Arizona Cooperative Extension can be found at:

cals.arizona.edu/pubs

ARIZONA COOPERATIVE

E TENSIONTHE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES

Figure 3. Pinyon needle scale crawler.

base of the tree and in branch crotches should be treated. Dimethoate should only be applied to the bark as contact with foliage may result in phytotoxicity. Do not harvest/eat pinyon pine nuts from pine trees treated with insecticides. Always select the most appropriate insecticide to minimize the effect on non-target organisms.

No endorsement of named products is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. Pesticides arepoisonous. Always read and carefully follow label directions for safety when purchasing, mixing, applying, and disposing of pesticides.

Figure4.PinyonNeedleScaleinthebeanstage.