INPUT DEVICES

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, much like a TV. In the picture to the right, is a logitech  trackball mouse and an example of an input device.

INPUT DEVICES

KEYBOARDA keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols requires pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. We can say that a keyboard is a typewriter-style keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.

CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF SIZEStandard

keyboardDesktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key US traditional keyboards or the 104-key Windows keyboards, include alphabetic characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a variety of function keys. 

Laptop-size keyboard

Keyboards on laptops and notebook computers usually have a shorter travel distance for the keystroke and a reduced set of keys. They may not have a numerical keypad, and the function keys may be placed in locations that differ from their placement on a standard, full-sized keyboard.

Thumb-sized keyboard

Smaller keyboards have been introduced for laptops (mainly net tops), PDAs, smartphones, or users who have a limited workspace

Non-standard layout and special-use typesChorded keyboards

While other keyboards generally associate one action with each key, chorded keyboards associate actions with combinations of key presses. Since there are many combinations available,  the user to enter characters or commands formed by pressing several keys together, like playing a "chord" on a piano.

Foldable keyboards   A foldable keyboard is also called flexible keyboards, these are made of soft plastic or silicone which can be rolled or folded on itself for travel. These keyboards can conform to uneven surfaces, and are more resistant to liquids than standard keyboards. These can also be connected to portable devices and smartphones. Some models can be fully immersed in water, making them popular in hospitals and laboratories, as they can be disinfected.

Projection/laser

Projection keyboards project an image of keys, usually with a laser, onto a flat surface. The device then uses a camera or infrared sensor to "watch" where the user's fingers move, and will count a key as being pressed when it "sees" the user's finger touch the projected image. Projection keyboards can simulate a full size keyboard from a very small projector. Because the "keys' are simply projected images, they cannot be felt when pressed.

ON SCREEN KEYBOARD

START MENU > ALL PROGRAMS > ACCESSORIES>EASE OF ACCESS>ON SCREEN KEYBOARD

MULTIMEDIA KEYBOARD,WIRELESS KEYBOARD

EGRONOMIC KEYBOARD

Layout Alphabetic

AZERTY KEYBOARD

POINT-AND-DRAW DEVICES A pointing device is an input interface that

allows a user to input data to a computer. Graphical user interfaces(GUI) allows a user

to control and provide data to a computer using physical gestures-point click and drag.

For example-by moving a hand-held mouse across the surface of the physical desktop and activating switches on the mouse. Movements of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor) and other visual changes.

Various types of point and draw devices

Mouse Electronic pen Touch screen

MOUSE

MOUSE

A simple two button mouse with one scroll wheel

The first known publication of the term "mouse" as a pointing device is in Bill English's 1965 publication "Computer-Aided Display Control".

The first computer mouse, held by inventor Douglas Engelbart, showing the wheels that make contact with the working surface

Different types of mouseMechanical mouse: Houses a hard rubber ball that rolls as the mouse is moved. Sensors inside the mouse body detect the movement and translate it into information that the computer interprets.

The PS/2 connector is a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector used for connecting some mice to a PC compatible computer system.

Opto-mechanical:  This is the same as the mechanical mouse except that it uses optical sensors to the motion of the ball. You should use a mouse pad under the mouse to run on

Optical mouse: Uses an LED sensor to detect tabletop movement and then sends off that information to the computer for merry munching

A mouse with many buttons: The extra buttons can be programmed to do specific things, such as navigate the Web or turn pages when you’re reading a document. The typical button modified mouse has about five buttons.

A Mini-mouse is a small egg-sized mouse for use with laptop computers; usually small enough for use on a free area of the laptop body itself, it is typically optical, includes a retractable cord and uses a USB port to save battery life.

Trackball mouse: Like an upside-down mouse. Rather than roll the mouse around, you use your thumb or index finger to roll a ball on top of the mouse. The whole contraption stays stationary, so it doesn’t need a lot of room, and its cord never gets tangled.

A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball.

TRACKBALL

JOYSTICKA joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks, also known as 'control columns', are the principal control in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either as a center stick or side-stick. They often have supplementary switches on them to control other aspects of the aircraft's flight.

TOUCHPADA touchpad (or track pad) is a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on screen. They are a common feature of laptop computers and also used as a substitute for a computer mouse where desk space is scarce.

LIGHTPENA light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with a computer's CRT TV set or monitor. It allows the user to point to displayed objects, or draw on the screen, in a similar way to a touch screen but with greater positional accuracy.

LASER PEN MOUSEA laser pointer or laser pen is a small portable and visible laser designed to highlight something of interest by projecting a small bright spot of colored light onto it .This invisible laser light component causes a degree of extra potential hazard in these devices when pointed at nearby objects and persons.

TOUCH SCREEN Touch screen is the most simple, intuitive and

easiest to use of all input devices. A touch screen enables a user to choose from

available options by simply touching the desired icon or menu item displayed on a computer’s screen with his/her finger.

MICROPHONES

Computer headsets include headphones through which the user can hear audio output from the computer as well as a microphone that the user can use to create audio input. Typical analog headsets contain two 3.5 mm plugs,Consumers also may purchase USB headsets that connect via the computer's USB port and transmit the audio data digitally.

HEADSETS

Stand alone microphones rest on a base that sits on the user's desk. These microphones tend to have a long and narrow appearance. This style of microphone tends to produce more white noise than headset microphones and the light designs can easily lose balance if someone or something bumps the device.

Stand Alone

Many companies that make Web cams for computers also manufacture models that include microphone capability. Consumers can purchase this style of accessory instead of purchasing both products separately. These combination devices save room in the user's workspace and are especially useful for video chats and calls. Many of them attach to the top or side of the computer monitor with a clip so that the Webcam faces the user, capturing audio and video. These are also digital devices that rely on the USB port to connect with the user's computer.

Web cam Microphones

Some computers and laptops, including all Macs, have built-in microphones that require no additional purchase or installation. Users can consult their computer manual to determine if it includes a built-in microphone. Computers that do have an integrated microphone may have one or more small holes located near the top or bottom of the monitor and, possibly, a microphone image to indicate the presence of the device. Users who desire higher quality audio input may still wish to purchase an external microphone for use with their computers

Integrated Microphones

GAME PAD AND

CONTROLLERS

Game Pad And Controller

A gamepad (also called joypad or control pad), is a type of game controller held in the hand, where the digits (especially thumbs) are used to provide input.

Gamepads generally feature a set of action buttons handled with the right thumb and a direction controller handled with the left.

 TYPES OF GAME CONTROLLERS

1. Gamepad

2 .Paddle

3 .Trackball4 .Joystick

5 .Arcade style Joystick

6. Steering wheel 7 .Yoke

8.Pedals 9. Keyboard and mouse

10 .Touch screen

12.Motion sensing11 .Light gun

STEERING WHEEL AND

PADDLE

The steering wheel, essentially a larger version of a paddle, is used in most racing arcade games as well as more recent racing simulators such as Live for Speed, Grand Prix Legends, GTR2, and Richard Burns Rally.

While most arcade racing games have been using steering wheels since Speed Race in 1974,[the first steering wheels for home systems appeared on fifth-generation consoles such as the PlayStation and Nintendo.

STEERING WHEEL

PADDLEA paddle is a controller that features a round wheel and one or more fire buttons.The wheel is typically used to control movement of the player or of an object along one axis of the video screen.

Paddle controllers were the first analog controllers and they lost popularity when "paddle and ball" type games fell out of favor. 

WEB CAM AND

IMAGE SCANNER

Vision - Input Systems As a technological discipline, computer

vision seeks to apply its theories and models to the construction of computer vision systems. Examples of applications of computer vision include systems for:

Controlling processes Detecting events Organizing information Modeling objects or environments Interaction

Vision - Input Systems Allow computer to accept input just by seeing

an object. Input data is normally an object’s shape and

features in the form of an image. As a scientific discipline, computer vision is

concerned with the theory behind artificial systems that extract information from images.

The image data can take many forms, such as video sequences, views from multiple cameras, or multi-dimensional data from a medical scanner.

Vision - Input Systems

Camera is the most common input device which is used in the Vision –Input Devices as it can capture the Depth of the images in 2D and 3D . This also include the Processor and combination of filters to convert the physical image to digital data.

A webcam is a video camera which feeds its images in real time to a computer or computer network, often via USB, internet or Wi-Fi.

WEB CAM

Their most popular use is the establishment of video links, permitting computers to act as videophones or videoconference stations. This common use as a video camera for the World Wide Web gave the webcam its name

OUTPUT DEVICES

Output means result or the processed form of any thing.

output is the processed form of input. Computer also provides us output of the data which we enter in it after processing. Output is the result of input. 

Output Devices

The devices, which are used for output processed data are called output devices. A computer uses output devices to communicate with the world, which is outside the computer. Although there are many kinds of input devices, there are currently three common types of output devices:· Monitor· Printers· Sound systems

Image Scanner is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image.

IMAGE SCANNER

Types of Image Scanners

Flat - bed Scanner

Hand - held Scanner

Flat - Bed Scanner• Looks Like a photocopy

machine

• Has a box with a glass plate on the top & a lid.

• Document to be scanned is placed on the glass plate.

• A light source below the glass plate moves from 1 line to the another & scans all the lines.

• Takes few seconds to scan a document.

Hand – Held Scanner

• Contains LEDs & can be held in hand.

• To scan, dragged slowly over the document from 1 end to another.

• Has to be dragged very slowly & steadily.

• Used only when high accuracy is not needed.

• Cheaper than a flatbed scanner.

• Used when volume of documents to be scanned is low.

OMR – Optical Mark Reader Scanner capable of recognizing a pre-

specified type of mark by pencil or pen Very useful for grading tests with

objective type questions, or for any input data that is of a choice or selection nature

OMR Sheet

BAR CODE READER

SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATIO

N NUMBER

SPECFIC PRODUC-T

CODE NUMBER

Digitizer• Input device used for

converting (digitizing) pictures, maps and drawings into digital form for storage in computers

• Commonly used in the area of Computer Aided Design (CAD) by architects and engineers to design cars, buildings medical devices, robots, mechanical parts, etc.

• Used in the area of Geographical Information System(GIS) for digitizing maps available in paper form

Electronic Card Reader• Electronic cards are small

plastic cards having encoded data appropriate for the application for which they are used

• Electronic-card reader is used to read data encoded on an electronic card and transfer it to the computer for further processing

• Used together as a means of direct data entry into a computer system

• Used by banks for use in automatic teller machines(ATMs) and by organizations for controlling access of employees to physically secured areas

Electronic Card Reader

1)is the magnetic stripe.

2)is the signature strip3)is the CVC2 code

Speech Recognition Devices Input device that allows a person

to input data to a computer system by speaking to it

Today’s speech recognition systems are limited to accepting few words within a relatively small domain and can be used to enter only limited kinds and quantities of data

Uses of Speech Recognition For inputting data to a

computer system by a person in situations where his/her hands are busy

For data input by dictation For authentication of a

user by a computer system based on voice input

For limited use of computers by individuals with physical disabilities

Plotters

A device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using a pen. As a result, they can produce continuous lines, whereas printers can only simulate lines by printing a closely spaced series of dots. In general, plotters are considerably more expensive than printers.

Uses of Plotters

Draftsmen, Architects, Technicians, or anyone else who wants to produce a color line drawing of something they have drafted. Producing what used to be called "blueprints" is what plotters are used for.

OUTPUT DEVICES

Computer Monitor

A monitor or display (also called screen or visual display unit) is an electronic visual display for computers.

A monitor looks like a television and it displays alphanumeric and graphic output.  

Types of Monitors· CRT (Cathode ray tube):Monitors of this type screen are used commonly in homes, colleges and offices. These monitors are big and require big area to place, power and have weight more than 10 pounds. We cannot move these monitors easily.

· Flat - panel tube:These monitors are also available nowadays in markets. These monitors are normally used in Laptop computers and we can also use these monitors in desktop computers. There are several types of flat-panel monitors, but the most common is the liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor.

Sound Cards

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.

Speakers

Speakers are output devices that allow you to hear sound from your computer. Computer speakers are just like stereo speakers. There are usually two of them and they come in various sizes.