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3rd India Agricultural Outlook Forum, September 26-27, 2019, New Delhi
Innovative Ways for Tackling Water Crisis
View of the Sisamau Drain discharging WW in River Ganges, Kanpur, India (@N Khalil, 2018)
DR. NADEEM KHALILENV ENGG AND ENERGY SYSTEMS PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
• 45,000 kms. of riverinelength
• 12 major river basins, 46medium river basins, 14minor and desert river basins
• Lifelines of the people
• Closely linked with culture and tradition
• Ganga Basin: largest, lies in11 States
Rivers in India
Peninsular component
Himalayan component
Main Sources of Pollution
Main Sources of Pollution
30%
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE
INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
70%
POINT SOURCES
• Most of the cities and rural areas in India lack sewerage systems
• Out of total generation of 61754 MLD of municipal wastewater, only 22963 MLD is treated (CPCB, 2016).
• Gap of 62% is one of the reasons for pollution of water bodies mainly rivers, lakes and ponds.
• Over 234 WWTPs, located in 5% of cities/towns along the banks of major rivers
▪ Need for decentralized alternatives, where CAPEX and OPEX are
comparatively cheap
▪ Retrofit or upgrading of existing WWTPs can solve problems of
increased capacity and the need for improved quality
State of Water Bodies
Najafgarh Drain discharging majority of Domestic and Industrial Effluents in Delhi to river Yamuna, India
River Musi in Hyderabad gets Solid Waste dumping
River Yamuna
Mantola Nala (Drain) flowing near the Agra Fort in Agra, India
@nadeem.khalil
Sorrow state of river Kali (upstream) carrying domestic
& industrial wastewater, Meerut, India
Solid Waste thrown away on the bank of River
Ramganga, Moradabad, India
Wastewater flowing in Kali River in Bulandshahr, India Major drain carrying domestic & industrial ww
falls into river Kali in Meerut, UP
Department of Science & Technologyand
European Commission
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY (AMU)
SPAIN
SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES
SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES
SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES
SAFE-GUARDING WATER RESOURCES IN INDIA WITH GREEN AND
SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES
FP7 FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME
Spain
Spain Denmark
Germany
Germany France
Denmark
Slovenia
DenmarkGermany
AMU
Kalyani
IGNTU
UPJN
UPPL
ANN
AARVEECBE
European partners Indian partners
Indo-EuropeWater Technology Program
SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES
SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES
SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES
www.swingsproject.com
2012 - 2016
Objectives of the SWINGS
To develop / deploy low-cost sustainable technologies formunicipal wastewater treatment and reuse, while minimizingenergy demand, as a treatment option for rural and energy-scarce towns in India
Location of SWINGS Sites
AMU
Kalyani University (West Bengal)
Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
(Madhya Pradesh)
AMU Pilot Site
Vertical flow beds
Horizontal flow beds
Solar driven disinfection
French system
Aquaculturepond
Irrigated plots
UASB
Sludge drying beds
Composting pit
Equalizationtank
Final effluent
@GoogleEarth View
14
Questions
?
Clogging
Rain event
P removal
TN removal
Load variations
Sustainability
Climate
Vegetation
Sludge
O&M
Design
15
Technologies Adopted:UASB: up-flow anaerobic sludge blanketAnaerobic digestor French-type constructed wetland (CW)Vertical Flow CW (+ recirculation)Horizontal Flow CWPre-filtration + Solar UV disinfectionSolar Anodic OxidationDisinfection PondBank filtration
Treatment chains (integral configurations):
➢ AMU:• UASB + VF + HF + Pre-filtration + Solar Disinfection• French Type Wetlands System
➢ IGNU:• CW + Solar Anodic Oxidation
➢ KALYANI:• Bank filtration• Solar AO Disinfection
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
Disinfection
Treatment Schemes at AMU Pilot Plant
French Type Vertical Flow CWs
Horizontal Flow CWs
RAW SEWAGE
RAW SEWAGE
Aqua-Culture Pond
(Fish Rearing)
Vertical Subsurface Flow CWs
Horizontal subsurface flow wetlands
SOLAR-DRIVEN DISINFECTION systems
Inlet UASB VF-CWs HF-CWs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Water quality parameter at different stages
Con
cent
ratio
n, m
g/L
---
---
---
---
TSS
BOD
TKN
b
a
d
COD
c
Inlet Bed 1 Bed 2 Bed 3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Sample location
Concentr
ation, m
g/L
---
---
---
TSS
BODb
a COD
c
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
Tota
l co
lifo
rms
(CF
U/1
00 m
l)
Time (Days)
Raw sewage CW Effluent After AO
S.No. Technology / Combination Approx. Cost Area Required
1. UASB + Vertical Flow Constructed
Wetlands (VF-CWs)
Capacity upto:
100m3/day
1000m3/day
5000m3/day
Rs. 22.50 Lakhs
Rs. 62.50 Lakhs
Rs. 415.50 Lakhs
220m2
1650m2
8750m2
2. Integrated Vertical and Horizontal
Flow Constructed Wetlands
Capacity upto:
100m3/day
1000m3/day
5000m3/day
Rs. 38.75 Lakhs
Rs. 102.50 Lakhs
Rs. 442.50 Lakhs
270m2
2150m2
11250m2
3. French Type Vertical Flow
Constructed Wetlands
Capacity upto:
100m3/day
1000m3/day
5000m3/day
Rs. 41.5 Lakhs
Rs. 132.50 Lakhs
Rs. 485.50 Lakhs
110m2
1250m2
5750m2
3. Solar Driven AO Disinfection (after
any of the above treatment
combinations)
Capacity upto:
10m3/day
50m3/day
Rs. 12.50 Lakhs
Rs. 44.75 Lakhs
14m2
62m2
(only treatment system cost)
KALYANI Stakeholder Forum
AMU Stakeholders Forum and International workshop on benchmarking of sewage treatment plants
Dissemination Activities
PAVITR
Potential and Validation of Sustainable Natural & Advance
Technologies for Water & Wastewater Treatment,
Monitoring and Safe Water Reuse in India
Department of Science &
Technology
Government of India
Project Duration 48 Months
European Commission
Lead Coordinator - EU Lead Coordinator - India
EU Contribution = 2.807 Million EurosIndian Contribution = INR 7.829 Crores
UPPL
The project aim to deploy, demonstrate and validate novel & innovative holistic water,wastewater management approaches for treatment & recovery of water, nutrients, andenergy from urban, peri-urban & rural perspective for their safe reuse in India. It connectthe ideas, synergy chains and co-branding each other with greater commitment to providemuch more cost-effective and sustainable solutions to deal with water challenges in India.The broad challenges that shall address by the PAVITR project are:
Wastewater treatment, with scope for nutrients/energy/water recovery, reuse, recycle and rainwater harvesting, including bioremediation technologies; Removal of emerging contaminants before they enter into the environment.
Drinking water purification with a focus on emerging pollutants, decentralized compact and modular systems.
High-resolution management, with the focus on real time monitoring and remote control systems in distribution and treatment systems.
Efficiency of water use, ensuring sustainable withdraw.
Large-scale replication, ensuring the implementation of business models strategically (e.g. Quick-Win, Green Business, Franchise Model, Profitable on-Purpose Side Effect, and Joint venture).
Finding future opportunities and know-how exchange, with the focus on learning and the combination of processes, materials and technologies.
Deliverables
30
Prototype Site Technology
1 ECL2 Pune
Remote controllable, automated and integrated
Solar Driven Water Treatment System.
TRL 4 to TRL 6
2MBBR- VFCW –
TOXIDATIONKharagpur
Advanced Oxidation for Emerging Pollutants
Removal [Toxidation].
TRL 3 to TRL 6
3 RWH DhanbadRainwater Harvesting Sytem.
TRL 6 to TRL 7-8
4 RichWater SBR Aligarh
Membrane Bioreactor with Ultra Violet
desinfection and automated fertigation. TRL 6
to TRL 7-8
Deliverables
31
Prototype Site Technology Developed / Deployed
5 RichWater SBR Dhanbad
Sequencing Batch Reactor for Water Ultra Violet
desinfection and automated fertigation.
TRL 6 to TRL 7-8
6 HRAP Agra
High Rate Alagal ponds for WWT, Fertilizer and
biostimulant production.
TRL 6 to TRL 7-8
7 MBBR NagpurMoving Bed Biofilm Reactor.
TRL 4 to TRL 6
8 SAFF NagpurSubmerged Aerobic Fixed Film
TRL 4 to TRL 6
32
Prototype Site Technology Developed / Deployed
9Willow
SystemAligarh
Nature based treatment for Energy
production through biomass gassification.
TRL 5 to TRL 8
10 FRB-CW AligarhFrench Reed Bed – Constructed Wetland
TRL 5 to TRL 8
11 SRP Aligarh
Short Rotation Plantation for production and
commercialization of Bamboos
TRL 5 to TRL 7-8
Thank you
