Innovative Clothing

7/28/2019 Innovative Clothing

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Report on Use

Of Innovative

Raw Material

For Clothing

Professional

Practices

Submitted By-Sunil BhattTanvi YadavUpasana Singh

Manish Koundal


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Index

Serial

Number

Topic Page

Number

1 Summary 2

2 Introduction 4

3 Application Of Non Woven For Apparels 5

4 Eco friendly clothing

1)Types of fabric fibres used in eco friendly clothing

Organic cotton fibres Hemp fibres

Soy fibres

Bamboo fibres

Organic wool fibres

Recycled fibres

Recyclable converse shoes

Refurbished Denim

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5 Other materials used for apparel 14

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Summary

Unconventional Fashion Has Never Been So Practical

Unfortunately, we cant all be Lady Gaga and parade around in outfits made of meator what appear to be giant bubbles, but that doesnt mean that unconventionalfashion isnt for us. In fact, there are a number of different forms on unconventionalclothing and many of these have never been more practical, but how?

Whilst celebrity styles and catwalk designs are commonly considered to beunconventional they are also generally accepted as being impractical as well. Theintricate and bold designs and materials which are used would never be functionalwithin everyday life, leaving consumers to wonder how they can get a catwalk lookthat can synchronise with their lives.

Luckily, thanks to retailers of unconventional clothes,the world of unconventionalfashion now has a practical public face. To be unconventional in the fashion worldone doesnt have to be outlandish or extroverted but can simply embrace alternativestyles and designs. The practicality of unconventional fashion lies in the individualityand comfort which it offers why follow the crowd when one can create their ownidentity?

Typical designs will include long flowing pieces of material designed to embrace andcover the body, creating interesting shapes and appearances whilst beingcomfortable. The fabrics used are of a great quality, meaning that durability is offered

making the designs even more practical.

Typical trends of practical yet unconventional fashion include asymmetrical funnelneck jackets and coats, designed to provide warmth in winter months whilst breakingfree from the conventional double-breasted coat design. Versatility in these itemsmeans that they can be used throughout all seasons, meaning that value for moneyis another practical feature.

Other items, such as dresses, are available in a number of different styles anddesigns from retailers of unconventional clothes and provide customers with a rangeof unconventional options perfect for any season. Details with ruche details are

popular even in conventional clothing, but interesting prints and styles can makethese items enter the realm of the unconventional.

Higher next lines and no sleeves can make these dresses seem unique andindividualistic, whilst dark, urban colour combinations of khaki and grey provide anunconventional edge. However, the design and colour scheme is also practical,making them less delicate and ensuring the ultimate comfort and warmth is provided.

For those wanting to embrace unconventionality through party outfits a great itemare tops with feather trims and accessories. These tops are designed to exudecatwalk glamour whilst remaining functional and practical.

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The tops will be dark in colour, adding a classic and stylish appearance. Round necklines are a common feature and provide comfort and elegance.

With the simple addition of a feather trip upon the shoulders or even around theneckline, these tops can be transformed from a simple t-shirt into an unconventional

yet practical item of fashion.

This means that women can show off their unique sense of style whilst out andabout, proving that being unconventional doesnt have to mean being impractical.

Introduction4


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We know that prior to the invention of clothing; mankind existed in a state of nudity.

The earliest clothing probably consisted of fur, leather, leaves or grass, draped,

wrapped or tied about the body for protection from the elements.

Then other cultures have supplemented or replaced leather and skins with cloth:

woven, knitted or twined from various animal and vegetable fibers.

Nonwoven fabrics are one of the oldest and simplest textile fabrics. Its classic

example is felt. The first well documented discovery of felt dates back 3500-3000

BC. It was made from hairs of various animals. The term Nonwoven fabrics was

applied to new modern techniques, which were totally based on new principles, by

U.S.A. in 1965.

Non woven fabrics is being defined into different ways by different literatures; the

term defined by Textile oregano in 1965 is as follows:

Def.:- Nonwoven fabrics are products made of parallel laid, cross laid or randomly

laid webs bonded with application of adhesive or thermoplastic fibers under

application of heat and pressure.

Primarily weaving remained a labor-intensive process. Weavers had to harvest

fibers, clean, spin, and weave them but with the invention of powered looms and

knitting machines the woven and knitted fabrics started to rule the apparel market.

Though the woven and knitted fabrics are ruling over the apparel market since last

many decades, a new unconventional system of fabric manufacturing known as

Nonwoven fabrics has started to find its application in apparel since last fewdecades.

Application of Nonwoven in Apparels

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Apparels are the articles often wear by humans also known as clothing, dress,

garments or attire on the body. In its broadest sense, clothing includes coverings for

the trunk and limbs as well as coverings for hands, feet and head.

Primarily nonwoven fabrics were utilized only in protective clothing and shelters

(tents), but since last few years nonwoven industry has grown abruptly. The

properties of nonwoven varies from crisp to fluid, soft to harsh, strong to extremely

weak. Due to the vast variation in fabrics properties it has application in geo-textiles,

nappies, filters, bags, etc. Nonwovens have now started to find its application into

the apparel industry also.

The fashion industry first grew in Europe. This industry involved fashion trend of

cloth which were much more prodigally, typically cutting in such a way as to leave

various odd-shaped cloth remnants.

Nonwovens are used extensively in the apparel industry for interlinings, clothing andglove insulation, bra and shoulder padding, handbag components and shoe

components. In the late 1960's there were a few attempts to market disposable

dresses but with little success. This occurred due to the uncomfortable properties of

fabrics. But with the recent research a new trend of fabrics has been produced with

better comfort, drape, hand, durability, stretch and recovery. These enhanced

characteristics have compelled some to push aside the prejudices associated with

these nonwoven fabrics and seek new unexpected venues.

There are several base methods available for binding of fiber webs to produce

nonwoven fabrics like Felting, Adhesive bonding, Stitch bonding, Thermal bonding,

Needle punching, Hydro entangling and Spin laying.

Apart from the normal manufacturing of Nonwovens, there are various methods to

produce nonwovens fabrics with value addition specifically for apparel purpose.

Some of the nonwoven fabrics developed with various fibers and value addition are

as mentioned below out of which one is discussed at large:

Cotton-polyester blended nonwoven fabric

Polyester nonwoven fabric

Silk nonwoven fabric

Wool nonwoven fabric

Polyester durable nonwoven fabric

Eco Friendly Clothing

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Made from non-petroleum-derived fibres, that are already occurring naturally in the

environment often on plants or animals, and as such are biodegradable. These

plant and animal sources are usually renewable, and are in turn cultivated under

controlled settings, using environmentally friendly and sustainable farming

techniques, such as the use of organic fertilizers and pesticides, crop rotation, non-over-farming and non-over-grazing.

Made from recycled materials (e.g. recycled plastic, recycled fabric), and hence this

process helps to divert some waste away from the waste management systems, as

well as reduce the usage of virgin materials.

Not processed with any harmful or synthetic chemicals (e.g. synthetic dye or

chemical-based finishing), which can contribute substantially to the pollution. For

example, eco textile are usually left undyed, or they are made from naturally

coloured fibres, such as cotton (yes, not all naturally grown cotton at white). At the

moment, the ecological impact of natural dyes and low-impact fiber-reactive dyes

(considered to have low toxicity, but are petroleum based) are unclear, so if you want

to be safe, it is best to avoid them altogether.

Manufactured in processes that require less water and energy, or produce less

waste and pollution. In addition, the entire product lifecycle of the eco friendly

clothing fabric should also leave less carbon footprint, as compared to conventional

clothes.

Manufactured in processes that use renewable energy sources like solar energy or

wind energy, instead ofnon renewable energy like coal.

1)Types of fabric fibres used in eco friendly clothing

Eco friendly clothing are often made of fibres like organic cotton, hemp, soy,bamboo, wool and silk, as well as recycled fibres.

Organic cotton fibres

Cotton is a plant-based natural fibre that is used in a large proportion of clothestoday for its absorbency, durability, and intrinsic softness. It makes comfortable wearespecially for summers or other warm climates.

According to the Organic Trade Association, organic cotton fibres are obtained fromorganic cotton plants grown from non-genetically-modified seeds and cultivatedwithout the use of toxic synthetic fertilizersand pesticides.

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Be Love Men's Organic "Love and Truth" Tee

Made from 100% organic cotton

This is unlike the production of conventional cotton which uses large amountsofsynthetic pesticides and fertilizers. According to the World Wildlife Fund,conventional cotton farms take up 2.4% of the worlds crop land, yet they use 24%and 11% of global sales of insecticides and pesticides, respectively. The toxicchemicals found in synthetic fertilizers and pesticides often pollute the agricultureland and contaminate surrounding water bodies, and even well bio-accumulate in thebodies of cattles that feed on the contaminated cotton hulls.

On the contrary, the eco-friendly agriculture practices used in the cultivation of

organic cotton help to maintain soil fertility and biodiversity, and are being verified bythird-party certification organizations (eg. Oeko-Tex) before the cotton is certified asorganic. Besides having lower impact on the environment in terms of agriculturalpractices, organic cotton also makes eco friendly clothing because it requires the useof less synthetic chemicals when it comes to dyes. Organic cotton are naturallycoloured they come in red, yellow, mauve and orange colours that do not fadeaway with time. The use of less synthetic dyes in turn spare the earth of substantialamounts ofwater pollution(when dye contaminated water is discarded) as well asspare consumers of skin irritation from residual chemicals.

Hemp fibres

Hemp is a plant-based natural fibre that is valued for its great strength and durability.As cited in Wikipedia, the hemp fibre is about 8 times stronger and 14 times moredurable than cotton fibre. Hemp is also more absorbent and mildew resistantcompared to cotton.

The hemp plant also grows much faster than the cotton plant and hence is able toproduce about 10% more fibre than cotton for the same period and size of land.

Like cotton, naturally occurring hemp has several colours like cream white, grey,brown, black and green. Technology and specific cultivation methods are now beingused to produce hemp fibres that are softer, more pliable and finer. Hemp clothing

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also sheds dirt readily, so that makes washing hemp clothes easier. In addition, thehemp components in fabric (containing at least 50% hemp) can help to block offultraviolet rays from the sun.

Hemp is considered environmentally friendly to cultivate and is often used to make

eco friendly clothing. According to the North America Industrial Hemp Council Inc.,hemp plants are resistant to most pests and diseases, and can grow quickly withlittle or no use of pesticides and herbicides. The hemp plant is also very hardy itcan withstand very dry conditions, and hence there is little need for irrigation of theland that it grows on. So that makes hemp even more environmentally friendlycompared to organic cotton according to the World Wildlife Fund, cotton farms arelarge consumers of water. More than 20 thousand litres of water are needed toproduce a kilogram of cotton (sufficient only for making only one t-shirt and a pair ofjeans).

Jonano Organic Hemp Mini Trench Coat

Made from organic hemp and organic cotton

Because the hemp plant can grow very quickly (i.e. the plant matures in less than ayear) and produce large amounts of plant matter even within small spaces andminimal conditions, it is ideal forcarbon sequestering as compared to normal trees.

Carbon in the atmosphere can be quickly and effectively stored by the hemp in itsplant matter, which in turn can be used for many purposes, such as hemp clothings,hemp paper, hemcrete (a hemp-based construction) etc. Once the mature hempplant is harvested, a new batch of hemp plants can be grown very soon. Thisprocess can be repeated continuously without seriously depleting the land of itsnutrients.

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In case you heard that hemp comes from the Cannabis plant from which marijuana isderived, you are half right. Hemp comes from Cannabis sativa L, which is a relativeof the Cannabis strain, Cannabis indica L ( used for the production of marijuanadrugs). While both are Cannabis plants, the hemp plant produces only very minuteamounts of the psychoactive substances as opposed to Cannabis indica L. So you

dont have to worry that the hemp clothing that you wear will actually facilitate theabuse of marijuana.

Soy fibres

Soy is another plant-based fibre that is derived from the hulls of soybeans. Thesehulls are in turn food-manufacturing by-products the hulls left over from soybeansfood production are actually used in making the soy fibres for your eco friendlyclothing. This means reduced wastage in the use of soybeans.

And according to the Euroflax Industries Ltd, soy fibre has the advantage of a soft,silky and elastic feel. It is also light, strong, absorbent and has anti-ultravioletproperties. Eco friendly clothing made from soy are also biodegradable, and henceminimize pollution when discarded in landfills.

Bamboo fibres

Bamboo fibre is a plant-based fibre made from bamboo cellulose, which is arenewable biopolymer. Eco textile made from bamboo fibre helps keep you warm inwinter and cool in summer. In addition, bamboo fibre is also highly absorbent (in factmore so than cotton) and is naturally wrinkle-resistant.

Although bamboo fibre is made from a naturally-occuring fibre, the process used toproduce this bamboo fibre (and bamboo) fabric is man-made and involves the use ofchemicals, such as to convert the bamboo cellulose into usable fibre for spinning intothread. As such, bamboo fibre cannot be certified as organic. In addition, accordingto a ruling by the Federal Trade Commission, bamboo clothings are also not to belabeled as antimicrobial or biodegradable.

Nonetheless, there are other reasons that make bamboo a sustainable source of

fabric fibre. One of the reasons is that bamboo can be cultivated relatively easily,without the use of pesticides, fertilizers and water irrigation. Another reason isbecause the bamboo plant grows very rapidly and no replanting is needed even afterharvesting of mature bamboo shoots.

These reasons makes bamboo a source of natural and renewable fibre that canpotentially meet the clothing needs of the worlds growing population in a sustainableway.

However, care needs to be taken to ensure that the water containing the chemicalsused in the processing of bamboo are properly treated before the water leaves the

plant and enters the environment. This is so that the impact of bamboo fibreproduction on the environment is minimal. In turn, the Oeko-Tex 100 or 1000

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certification on a particular source of bamboo fabric indicates that the fabric hasbeen produced with minimal impact on the environment.

Organic wool fibres

Wool is an animal-based fibre, obtained mainly from sheep and other animals likegoats (known as cashmere wool) and camels.

For the animal lover, you can be assured that the sheep survives after its wool hasbeen sheared. In fact, the sheep grows back its cover of wool by the next year and isready for shearing again. In instances where the wool is not sheered, it mightactually fall off the body of the sheep automatically come late spring, through aprocess known as rooing. And in case you are worried about how the sheep survivesthe cold weathers without its wool cover, considerations are actually for the welfareof the sheep when determining the time for shearing.

As an eco friendly clothing fibre, wool has good insulating abilities, and can help tokeep the heat in, as well as keep the heat out. Wool fibres are also water absorbentand can absorb water up to a third of its weight. In addition, wool can also absorbsound. Wool has the added benefit of being rather fire-resistant it requires a muchhigher temperature than cotton to catch fire, and when burnt, it forms a char that self-insulates and self-extinguishes. As such, wool is often used in uniforms for firemen.

According to the Organic Trade Association, organic wool comes from sheep thatare fed with organic livestock feed (at least during the third gestation period).Synthetic hormones, insecticides (to kill ticks and lice) and genetic engineering arenot allowed on these sheep. And synthetic pesticides are also not to be used on thepastures on which the sheep graze. In addition, the sheep farmers are not allowed toover-farm on the land which their sheep graze.

These environmentally friendly farming techniques used in the cultivation of organicwool help to spare the earth from much of the land pollutionassociated with

synthetic pesticides and over-farming. In addition, consumers of organic wool canalso be better assured that they would be exposed to less harmful chemicals (e.g.residual insecticides).

Recycled fibres

Eco friendly clothing made of recycled fibres could be purely made of natural fibres,or solely made of plastic fibres, or a mixture of both (e.g. recycled cotton fibres plusrecycled PET fibres for increased strength in the fabric).

In the case of natural recycled fibres, scraps of natural fibre fabrics from clothingfactories are collected, reprocessed back into their constituent natural fibres, andrespun into new yarn to produce a new piece of fabric (made of natural fibres).

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In the case of recycled fibres made from plastic, unwanted plastic items (e.g. PETplastic bottles) are melted into pellets which are then processed and spun into yarn-like fibres to be made into clothes. For example, as reported in Maildaily.com in2007, Marks & Spencer launched some 20 school uniform made from recycledplastic bottles.

The production of these eco friendly clothing made from recycled fibres areconsidered environmentally friendly because they actually help to divert muchunwanted fabric fibres and plastic from the waste management systems like thelandfills and incinerators.

Recyclable converse shoes

Millions of shoes are trashed in the

U.S. each year. That's a lot of Nikes

and Converse that are languishing in

landfills, never to be seen again. But

a new shoe company hopes to

change that.Remyxx, in Charlotte,

N.C., announced Monday that it

would go into production with a 100%

recyclable sneaker made from a

blend of plastic, polyresin fabric and

rubber.

Refurbished Denim

Denim is one of those every day fabrics that we often take for granted. That's whywe were so stoked to see so many creations submitted in our Recycled DenimChallenge elevating the versatile fabric to new heights. Whether it be bean bagchairs, bracelets or doggie vests, check out our list of 8 truly awesome things made

from recycled blue jeans

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Different denim Products

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Other materials used for apparel

Grass

Polythene

Peacock Feathers

Aluminium

Soda Can

X-Ray Sheet

Candies

Thermocol

Paper

Foil

Garbage Bag

Steel Wire

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Bibliography

http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-

article/16/1584/a-review-on-nonwoven-fabrics-used-in-

apparel1.asp

http://www.ensto.com/newsroom/articles/101/0/ensto_in

troduces_eco-friendly_recycled_material

http://inhabitat.com/8-awesome-things-made-from-

recycled-blue-jeans/

http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/r

ecycle/recywrks/recywrks2.htm

http://www.bpf.co.uk/Article/Detail.aspx?

ArticleUid=9E55B2D5-5E91-4E6F-96E7-27A14805AB92

http://www.ecomall.com/biz/recycle1.htm

http://www.wellhome.com/blog/2012/01/could-blue-jean-

insulation-be-a-good-fit-for-your-home/

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http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/16/1584/a-review-on-nonwoven-fabrics-used-in-apparel1.asphttp://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/16/1584/a-review-on-nonwoven-fabrics-used-in-apparel1.asphttp://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/16/1584/a-review-on-nonwoven-fabrics-used-in-apparel1.asphttp://www.ensto.com/newsroom/articles/101/0/ensto_introduces_eco-friendly_recycled_materialhttp://www.ensto.com/newsroom/articles/101/0/ensto_introduces_eco-friendly_recycled_materialhttp://inhabitat.com/8-awesome-things-made-from-recycled-blue-jeans/http://inhabitat.com/8-awesome-things-made-from-recycled-blue-jeans/http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/recycle/recywrks/recywrks2.htmhttp://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/recycle/recywrks/recywrks2.htmhttp://www.bpf.co.uk/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=9E55B2D5-5E91-4E6F-96E7-27A14805AB92http://www.bpf.co.uk/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=9E55B2D5-5E91-4E6F-96E7-27A14805AB92http://www.ecomall.com/biz/recycle1.htmhttp://www.wellhome.com/blog/2012/01/could-blue-jean-insulation-be-a-good-fit-for-your-home/http://www.wellhome.com/blog/2012/01/could-blue-jean-insulation-be-a-good-fit-for-your-home/http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/16/1584/a-review-on-nonwoven-fabrics-used-in-apparel1.asphttp://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/16/1584/a-review-on-nonwoven-fabrics-used-in-apparel1.asphttp://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/16/1584/a-review-on-nonwoven-fabrics-used-in-apparel1.asphttp://www.ensto.com/newsroom/articles/101/0/ensto_introduces_eco-friendly_recycled_materialhttp://www.ensto.com/newsroom/articles/101/0/ensto_introduces_eco-friendly_recycled_materialhttp://inhabitat.com/8-awesome-things-made-from-recycled-blue-jeans/http://inhabitat.com/8-awesome-things-made-from-recycled-blue-jeans/http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/recycle/recywrks/recywrks2.htmhttp://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/recycle/recywrks/recywrks2.htmhttp://www.bpf.co.uk/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=9E55B2D5-5E91-4E6F-96E7-27A14805AB92http://www.bpf.co.uk/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=9E55B2D5-5E91-4E6F-96E7-27A14805AB92http://www.ecomall.com/biz/recycle1.htmhttp://www.wellhome.com/blog/2012/01/could-blue-jean-insulation-be-a-good-fit-for-your-home/http://www.wellhome.com/blog/2012/01/could-blue-jean-insulation-be-a-good-fit-for-your-home/

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