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INNOVATION IN THE UK
INNOVATION IN THE UK:U N D E R S TA N D I N G A N D C O N N E C T I N G W I T H
T H E U K I N N O VAT I O N S Y S T E M
> Introduction to the UK innovation system
> Comparative performance of UK innovation
> Understanding UKInnovation policy
- C L I C K A S E C T I O N TO G E T S TA RT E D -
INTRODUCTION TO THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION TO THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEMINNOVATION
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR INNOVATION IN THE UK (FEATURES AND CONDITIONS)
Stable, independent science and research funding sector: Research Councils provide competitive grants for specific projects and programmes.
Higher Education Funding Councils provide block grant funding to Universities on the basis of quality measured by the Research Assessment Exercise.
£5.85bn govt spend for science and research from the budget in 2015-16 including both resource and capital expenditure.
Ranked one of the best countries in the world for University-business interaction:
!! Specific competitive funding streams for knowledge exchange such as the Higher Education Innovation Fund (HEIF).
!! Growing networks of university exploitation funds like Fusion IP
and IP group.
!! Large and diverse public and private commercialisation sector.
Good framework conditions for innovation:
Open and competitive markets, good IP regime, strong business and legal environment.
Direct and indirect government financial support:
Direct support for innovation through government agencies (eg £616million in 2014/15 for Innovate UK) is complemented by much larger indirect support – eg a comprehensive R&D tax credit regime (worth £1.2 billion in 2011/12) and further public support for venture capital and angel investment (eg the Enterprise Investment Scheme and the Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme).
CREATING KNOWLEDGE EXPLOITING KNOWLEDGE
SUPPORTING INNOVATIONENABLING INNOVATION
•! Intermediary organisations
•! Technology transfer offices
•! Business incubation
•! Science & innovation parks
•! Universities•! Public Sector •! Research
Establishments•! Research
Funding bodies
•! Standards Measurement Accreditation•! Intellectual
property•! Lobbying and
influencing policy
•! Subsidies/grants/contracts for innovation
•! Advisory services Indirect financial support (eg R&D tax credits)•! Networking
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR INNOVATION IN THE UK (INSTITUTIONS)
FIRMS
Over 130 universities
Over 60 public sector research establishments
Range of cross-sector research partnerships
7 thematic Research Councils
4 higher education funding councils
4 national academies
1 national intellectual property office
1 national standards body
Range of think tanks and campaigning organisations
Over 100 science and innovation parks
Over 50 university technology transfer offices
National initiatives bringing together universities and business
9 Catapult Centres (and growing)
1 national innovation agency (Innovate UK)
A consolidated Business Growth Service
Over 70,000 members of the Knowledge Transfer Network
Several government-funded agencies
Many independent organisations that work closely with government
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
ANOTHER WAY OF LOOKING ATTHE COMPLEXITY OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
SOURCE: THE DOWLING REVIEW OF UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY COLLABORATION, JULY 2015
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
THE UK IS A GLOBAL LEADER IN UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION, BUT THERE ARE STILL CHALLENGES. A 2015 UK SURVEY MAPPED THE BIGGEST BARRIERS WITHIN THE SYSTEM
SOURCE: THE DOWLING REVIEW OF UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY COLLABORATION, JULY 2015
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
The following slides provide profiles of some of the main institutions in the UK innovation system. For each we:
!! Describe its mission and how it works. !! Provide links to further information.
Since this guide was developed with international audiences in mind, we also offer examples of how it works internationally.
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES: INNOVATE UK
M I S S I O N
!! Innovate UK is the UK’s innovation agency.
!! Its goal is to accelerate economic growth by stimulating and supporting business-led innovation – bringing together business, research and the public sector, supporting and accelerating the development of innovative products and services to meet market needs, tackling major societal challenges and helping build the future economy.
!! Its budget (2014/15: £616m) is directed towards technologies for which it has identified large global market opportunities which are also areas of UK strengths.
A P P R O A C H
!! Innovate UK has invested over £1.5 billion since 2007 in helping UK businesses innovate
!! It supports innovation through a range of programmes which provide access to finance and access to knowledge, skills, equipment and partners.
!! These include Catapult centres (see separate slide), SMART grants, innovation vouchers, Collaborative R&D programmes, feasibility studies, Knowledge Transfer partnerships and networks, challenge platforms (in energy • built environment • agriculture and food • healthcare • transport) and pre-commercial procurement programme, SBRI
!! It has a staff of 325, largely drawn from industry
I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O L L A B O R A T I O N
!! Although its work is focused on the UK, strategic international work is increasingly important to Innovate UK:
!! Helping firms!access European research and development funding through the Enterprise Europe Network and Horizon 2020 National Contact Points
!! Working with UKTI on international trade missions for innovative SMEs and supporting innovative firms to export
!! A highly prioritised set of international collaborative R&D programmes
!! Implementing the translation strand of the Newton fund, a development assistance programme focussed on developing science and innovation partnerships to promote the economic development and welfare of 15 emerging economies.
C O N T A C T S & F U R T H E R I N F O R M A T I O N
!! Innovate UK funding and support tools
!! Innovate UK delivery plan (2014/15)
!! 5 year strategy: Concept to Commercialisation (new strategy due Autumn 2015)
!! Thinking about the future - Breakdown of Innovate UK spending
!! Website: www.innovateuk.org
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M I S S I O N
!! The Catapults are a network of technology and innovation centres created by Innovate UK.
!! They have an ambitious goal to transform UK capability in innovation - initially in nine areas selected as priorities for economic growth.
!! More than £1bn of public and private investment will be targeted at Catapults over the next few years.
A P P R O A C H
!! Catapults are business-focused technology and innovation centres that make world-leading technical capability available to businesses to solve their technical challenges
!! They aim to encourage business investment in R&D by providing facilities and access to expertise to test new ideas
!! They actively explore what conditions are needed to enable innovation and seek to influence these on behalf of their sector
!! There are currently 9 centres: High value manufacturing, cell therapy, offshore renewable energy, satellite applications, connected digital economy, future cities, transport systems, energy Systems and Precision Medicine.
!! They are funded by a mixture of public sector grants and business funded contract research
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES: CATAPULT
I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O L L A B O R A T I O N
Each Catapult has its own international strategy, and these are constantly evolving. Common themes across all of the Catapults include
!! Promoting their sector internationally, including helping SMEs access international business opportunities
!! Helping policy makers in the UK make sense of the international landscape for their sector
!! Several Catapults actively seek out international sources of funding, for example the Future Cities Catapult
!! Offering services to overseas companies, from data modelling to research facilities
C O N T A C T S & F U R T H E R I N F O R M A T I O N
!! An introduction to each Catapult
!! The UK locations of each of the 9 catapults
!! Catapult to Success a review of international technology and innovation centres
!! Contact the catapults
!! Website: www.catapult.org.uk
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES: KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER NETWORK LTD
M I S S I O N
!! Knowledge Transfer Network Ltd (KTN Ltd), which is funded by Innovate UK, is an interdisciplinary UK-wide network of knowledge intensive businesses and academics designed to stimulate innovation by promoting collaboration, best practice and knowledge sharing between industry and academia
!! The goal of KTN Ltd is to drive knowledge transfer between knowledge creators and knowledge users
A P P R O A C H
!! KTN Ltd was set up in April 2014 to coordinate the work of the former 15 individual Knowledge Transfer Networks.
!! It organises events in the UK and internationally for businesses and researchers to network
!! KTN missions have a broad focus, from sharing best practice to winning new business.
!! KTN Ltd helps Innovate UK focus its funding calls by setting up Special Interest Groups on key emerging areas
!! It also has an online community with over 70,000 members, hosted on Innovate UK’s _connect website
I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O L L A B O R A T I O N
!! KTN Ltd organises sector specific missions to priority countries, helping connect researchers and innovators in the UK with overseas opportunities
!! It can help UK organisations access overseas funding schemes!! KTN Ltd works closely with Innovate UK on international funding
programmes, for example Horizon 2020
C O N T A C T S & F U R T H E R I N F O R M A T I O N
The websites of each of the 15 KTNs, where you can find individual contact details, strategies and priorities: https://connect.innovateuk.org/knowledge-transfer-networks
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES: UK TRADE & INVESTMENT
M I S S I O N
!! UK Trade and Investment (UKTI) has two main functions: helping UK business export and securing inward investment from international companies.
!! In 2013 UKTI launched it’s Innovation is Great campaign to improve international perceptions of UK innovation, promoting the UK as a partner of choice to design, build and commercialise new technologies.
!! This will see UKTI doing more at international science and innovation events and developing relationships with global science and innovation hotspots.
A P P R O A C H
!! UKTI is target driven. It has targets for trade, investment and the number of businesses helped.
!! It offers a range of fee charging services which help UK companies to export and foreign companies to invest in the UK.
!! UKTI set up the Innovation Gateway in 2014. It is a ‘one stop shop’ for securing S&I investment from international funds and companies. Over the next 2 years the organisation is tabled with unlocking £1 billion of investment and creating 500 new jobs.
I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O L L A B O R A T I O N
!! UKTI organises overseas trade missions and offers grants for SMEs to attend these. 90 percent of the businesses it helps to export are SMEs.
!! Together with other UK government institutions such as the Science and Innovation Network, it organises joint missions that combine research and innovation with business focussed activities.
C O N T A C T S A N D F U R T H E R I N F O R M A T I O N
!! For more information on UKTI see: UKTI at a glance
!! Website: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-trade-investment
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES: RESEARCH COUNCILS UK
M I S S I O N
!! Research Councils UK (RCUK) is the strategic partnership of the UK's seven Research Councils:
!! The Research Councils have 3 objectives:
!! Investing in the creation, application and sharing of knowledge
!! Building partnerships
!! Support of significant innovation infrastructure
A P P R O A C H
!! The Research Councils fund research in universities and research institutes.
!! They help researchers deliver social and economic impact by supporting them to engage and collaborate with the public, businesses, government and the third sector.
!! This includes the development of collaborative research programmes and the support of impact focussed research facilities, such as Innovation and Knowledge Centres and Research and Innovation Campuses. While RCUK encourages research projects to have industrial partners they cannot fund businesses.
I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O L L A B O R A T I O N
!! The work of RCUK is increasingly international: RCUK has offices in China, India, Europe and the US
!! RCUK organises joint funding calls in a range of countries, including under the Newton Fund.
!! It regularly organises research workshops for UK researchers around the world.
C O N T A C T S A N D F U R T H E R I N F O R M A T I O N
!! The Research Councils’ role in supporting innovation
!! RCUK’s international strategy
!! The delivery plan for each of the 7 research councils
!! Website: http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/
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ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOURCES OF ADVICE
Helps businesses understand how to manage IP in the UK and
internationally. This includes IP attachés in key countries, IP
country guides, and online tools.
http://www.ipo.gov.uk/
The learned societies are a source of expertise and also promote UK
science internationally.
www.raeng.org.uk
https://royalsociety.org/
NPL and the NMO are both UK institutions that focus on measurement and standards, developing and applying the most accurate
measurement standards and ensuring accurate measurements are available
http://npl.co.uk/
http://www.bis.gov.uk/nmo
The Business Growth Service is a UK government-backed service that offers a range of support programmes to businesses that have
the potential to grow.
http://www.ga.businessgrowthservice.
greatbusiness.gov.uk/
Promotes the importance of design to the economy and also promotes
British design internationally.
www.designcouncil.org.uk
The UK’s national standards body, the BSI also provides services and seeks to build relationships with international counterparts, to
create common standards, which helps UK innovations enter
foreign markets.
http://www.bsigroup.co.uk/
An independent charity with a mission to help bring good ideas to life, Nesta is
a leading innovation think tank, an investor in innovative ventures and an
innovation lab testing out new approaches to supporting innovation.
www.nesta.org.uk/
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
SOURCE: ROYAL!SOCIETY! (2011) KNOWLEDGE, NETWORKS, NATIONS
RECENT DECADES HAVE SEEN RAPID SHIFTS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION, AND TO A LESSER EXTENT, EXCELLENCE
TOP 20 PUBLISHING CITIES 2004-2008, AND THEIR GROWTH FROM 1996-2000.
Key City with highest publication output in the period 2004-2008; growth is during1996-2000
(
(
Decreased or stayed constant(
Increased 10-20 places(
Increased 5-10 places(
Increased 20+ places(
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
RECENT DECADES HAVE SEEN RAPID SHIFTS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION, AND TO A LESSER EXTENT, EXCELLENCE
(
O"::+%P($"9-H(<"9(*%H"('3%(3%,H+#7.P(*%$"-"9*('3%(CD(H"'(."(+'(.',#H.("9'(("#(:"'3P(+#$-9H%('3%(E"--"0+#7(#"'%(+#('3%(1%<(Q((R,$3(#"H%(*%&*%.%#'.(,()+#+)9)("E(?>P>>>($";,9'3"*%H(&,&%*.6(B3%('3+$1#%..("E(-+#%(+#H+$,'%.('3%(+#'%#.+'<("E($"--,:"*,/"#6(((,#H(+#$-9H%(,(',:(,-"#7('3%(:"4")('"(SR!T(U$+%#$%P(B%$3#"-"7<(,#H(G#H9.'*<(U$"*%:",*H(V=>?KW((34&2550006"%$H;+-+:*,*<6"*75H"$.%*8%*5H"0#-",H5F=?L>@?%6&HEX%Y&+*%.Z?KLFL[F>[?\+HZ+H\,$$#,)%Z79%.'\$3%$1.9)Z]T?KR@KT=@LF^]N!FM[AR]=!MR@F!]M](((
SOURCE: OECD CALCULATIONS BASED ON SCOPUS CUSTOM DATA, ELSEVIER, VERSION 5. 2012, JUNE 2013.
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION NETWORKS IN SCIENCE, 1998
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION NETWORKS IN SCIENCE, 2011
Whole counts of internationally co-authored documents Whole courts of internationally co-authored documents
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard (2014)
Each node represents a minimum of 10,000 co-authored papers. The thickness of line indicates the intensity of collaboration.
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
THE UK HAS SO FAR MAINTAINED ITS POSITION AS THE WORLD’S THIRD LARGEST PRODUCER OF RESEARCH, AND RANKS PARTICULARLY WELL ON INDICATORS OF QUALITY LIKE CITATIONS
The UK research system is highly efficient.
With 0.9% of the world’s population, 3.2% of global R&D spend, and 4.1% of researchers, the UK accounts for 9.5% of article downloads, 11.6% of citation and 15.9% of the worlds most highly cited articles. See learn more box below.
The OECD ranks the UK as second in the world for university hotspots due to concentrations of high impact institutions.
SOURCE: NESTA (2013) CHINA’S ABSORPTIVE STATEInternational benchmarking of the UK innovation System 2014 (BIS)
National share of world publications indexed on Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science, 2002-2011 (note that the right hand axis is for the US only)
Add tab: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard (2014) h4p://www.oecd-‐ilibrary.org/docserver/download/9213051e.pdf?expires=1439389081&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=BD14E54D2539FB7C968AEB2C6E59CB6B
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
A SIMILAR SHIFT IS HAPPENING IN THE GLOBAL GEOGRAPHY OF INNOVATION. WHILE THERE’S NO DOUBT THE UK IS STILL A LEADING INNOVATION NATION, IT CAN BE HARDER TO JUDGE HOW IT COMPARES IN
TERMS OF INNOVATION PERFORMANCE
TOP 10 COUNTRIES BY PATENT (PCT) APPLICATION (2013)The UK ranked second in the Global Innovation Index 2014:1. Switzerland2. United Kingdom3. Sweden4. Finland5. Netherlands
Yet the European Commission Innovation scoreboard in 2014 ranked the UK as seventh in the EU and an ‘innovation follower’.
And London alone ranked sixth in the world in terms of its Startup Ecosystem in 2015.
How should we interpret these results?All these indices are made up of a different basket of proxy indicators – from patents and publications to high tech industries, education levels of citizens or new products introduced by firms.
Indexes should always be interpreted with caution. Underlying data, collected at different levels of geography may be more helpful guides to policy decision making.
New tabs to add: Global Innova/on Index -‐ h4ps://www.globalinnova/onindex.org/content.aspx?page=data-‐analysis European Union Scoreboard -‐ h4p://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/innova/on/facts-‐figures/scoreboards/files/ius-‐2015_en.pdf Infographic h4p://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ipstats/en/docs/infographics_systems_2014.pdf Startup Genome -‐ h4p://blog.startupcompass.co/
SOURCE: INFOGRAPHIC FOR WIPO AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://WWW.WIPO.INT/IPSTATS/EN/
European Union Scoreboard
Global Innovation Index Startup Genome Infographic
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
Compared to other advanced countries, the UK has a low level of total investment in R&D (GERD) and a low R&D intensity (GERD as a percentage GDP).
While countries like Germany, France and the USA have seen a steady rise in R&D intensity since the year 2000, it is steadily falling in the UK.
However, it is important to keep this in context: the UK comes in the top 20 of the 75 countries that the World Bank has R&D data for in terms of R&D intensity.
SOURCE: OECD STAT EXTRACTS
THE UK’S EXPENDITURE ON R&D IS LOWER THAN SOME OTHER LEADING S&I NATIONS
The UK R&D landscape. 2012 (UKIRC)
UK Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D. 2013 (ONS)
GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON R&D 2012
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
Size of Firm: R&D spending is concentrated in a few very large firms:
§ The 10 biggest R&D spenders in the UK account for 34% of all UK R&D expenditure
§ SMEs accounted for only 3.5% of the total R&D spending
Region: R&D spending in the UK is not spread evenly across the country:
§ The South East and East of England lead the UK’s BERD, accounting respectively for 26% and 20.9% of total expenditure.
§ Wales, the North East and Northern Ireland spent the least on BERD, collectively accounting for less than 5% of total UK expenditure.
Sector: R&D spending is not evenly spread across sectors. Over 60% of firms in computer related industries conduct R&D, compared to less than 20% of firms in the construction industry.
WHILE THE INDICATORS WE LOOK AT ARE OFTEN NATIONAL, R&D SPENDING IS CONCENTRATED IN CERTAIN COMPANIES, REGIONS AND SECTORS
PERCENTAGE OF FIRMS PERFORMING INTERNAL R&D BY SECTOR
SOURCE: THE UK R&D LANDSCAPE (2012)The UK R&D Landscape. 2012 (UKIRC)
UK R&D landscape new link: h4p://www.ncub.co.uk/rdlandscape
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
The UK has many innovative firms and people, from world-beating creative businesses like Double Negative to its thriving business services sector; from advanced manufacturers like Rolls–Royce to world-class research universities; and from technology giants like ARM to the start-ups of Shoreditch. But their success masks low investment.
BY BOTH GOVERNMENT:
Between 200,000 and 250,000 new firms are created each year in the UK. R&D spending tends to be concentrated The Department of Business Innovation and Skills estimates that to secure future economic success, R&D intensity (now under 2%) needs to be closer to the 2.9% average of leading comparator countries.
LOWER INVESTMENT IS A FEATURE OF BOTH GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESSES
AND ALSO BY BUSINESS:
Plan I: The case for innovation-led growth. 2012 (Nesta)
The UK R&D landscape. 2011 (UKIRC)
SOURCE: OECD MAIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INDICATORS
SOURCE: HTTP://STATS.OECD.ORG
UK R&D landscape new link: h4p://www.ncub.co.uk/rdlandscape
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
Investment in R&D represents only a small proportion of the overall investment in innovation made by UK firms. Investment in design, branding, software development and organisational improvement are all important complementary innovation investments driving productivity growth.
The UK performs much better in comparison to other countries when these wider intangible innovation investments are taken into account.
International comparison of investment in innovation as a share of market sector gross value added
HOWEVER, MEASURING ‘INTANGIBLE’ INVESTMENTS IN INNOVATION BEYOND R&D SHOWS A MORE USEFUL PICTURE OF UK INVESTMENT, AND ALSO A BETTER INDICATION OF ITS STRENGTHS
The Innovation Index. 2012 (Nesta)
INNOVATION INDEX (NESTA 2009)
INNOVATION INDEX (NESTA 2014)
Investments in innovation by business in the UK, 2011 (£bn)
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
WE SEE THE IMPACT OF THESE INTANGIBLE INVESTMENTS IN AREAS LIKE DESIGN AND ADVERTISING IN THE SUCCESS OF THE UK’S CREATIVE ECONOMY
Creative industries & economy contribute more to GVA than construction, advanced manufacturing or financial services. The creative economy accounts for 5% of the
UK’s total economy
The UK is a world leader in the creative economy - those economic activities which involve the use of creative talent for commercial purposes. For instance, according to Design Council research, every £1 that a UK business spends on design returns £20 in net turnover, £4 in net operating profit and £5 in net exports/new markets.
Within the creative economy, the creative industries specialize in the use of creative talent for commercial purposes – for instance film, design, music and video games.
A manifesto for the creative economy. 2013 (Nesta)
Creative economy report 2013 (UNESCO)
THE SIZE OF THE UK CREATIVE ECONOMY (2010)
SOURCE: A MANIFESTO FOR THE CREATIVE ECONOMY/ DCMS Creative Economy Statistics Estimates
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/creative-industries-economic-estimates-january-2015
Mind Candy is a success story of the British Creative Economy. Formed in 2003, it began developing children’s computer game Moshi Monsters in 2007.
Extraordinary growth has led to over 70 million registered users of the game worldwide and a turnover for the London based firm of £46.9 million in 2012.
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE UK INNOVATION SYSTEM
THE UK SCIENCE AND INNOVATION SYSTEM IS HIGHLY INTERNATIONALISED:
Around 46% of the UK’s scientific publications have an international co-author, and this share is growing rapidly. A growing proportion of research in UK universities is also funded from abroad.
An exceptionally high proportion of UK business R&D is funded from abroad: In 2011, the UK attracted almost $7 billion of overseas-financed R&D – the same as Canada, Finland, Japan, China, and Russia combined.
UK innovative firms are far more likely to be active in foreign markets than their counterparts in France, Italy or Sweden.
BUT IS THE UK GOOD ENOUGH AT EXPLOITING THE BENEFITS
OF THESE INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIONS?
According to BIS research, some 80-90% of innovation in advanced economies is based on technology transfer from foreign countries.
An important priority for the UK is to increase its ability to exploit cutting-edge global research and to benefit from rapidly growing investment in innovation around the world.
Researchers at Manchester University celebrated important, ground-breaking achievements with the Nobel Prizes awarded for their work on graphene in 2010. Yet Chinese institutes already have vastly more graphene–related
THE UK COULD BETTER EXPLOIT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN R&D AS WELL AS GROWING DOMESTIC INVESTMENT
patents. A Cambridge IP study in 2013 counted over 2,200 patents in China compared to 54 filed so far in the UK.
International benchmarking of the UK innovation system. 2014 (BIS)
Annual Innovation Report 2014: innovation, research and growth. 2014 (BIS)
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INSIGHTS FROM INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING OF THE UK SCIENCE AND INNOVATION SYSTEM (DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, INNOVATION AND SKILLS)
CATEGORY ASSESSMENT1 STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
MONEY Medium/Low Strong foreign funding of R&D, high private sector investment in intangibles
Comparative to global leaders, lower levels of R&D investment and public support for innovation, issues around access to finance for innovative companies
TALENT Medium/Low Attractive to global research talent, high quality higher education system, high number of PhDs
Lower basic skills (ICT, numeracy etc), low number of STEM graduates, lower level of management skills
KNOWLEDGE ASSETS
Medium/high World class research base (2nd only to US) and research institutions, high proportion of international research collaborations
Smaller number of patent applications than other leading nations
STRUCTURES AND INCENTIVES
Medium/high Modern IP regime, competitive funding drives excellence, strong university-industry collaboration, strong knowledge networks
Government procurement underperforms its potential to foster innovation, weaker SME/University collaboration
BROADER ENVIRONMENT
Medium/high Open and competitive markets, positive business environment, strong entrepreneurial activity
R&D concentrated in a few large firms & small number of sectors, low quality of demand, restrictive migration rules
INNOVATION OUTPUTS
Medium (Mixed) Comparative export advantage in relatively sophisticated products, strong knowledge intensive services and creative sector exports, strong technology balance of payments
Average to low levels of new to market innovations, low number of innovative SMEs
A 2014 assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the UK innovation system relative to other leading comparator countries by BIS makes the following assessment (adapted from the original):
A RECENT UK GOVERNMENT REPORT AIMED TO TRACK RELATIVE NATIONAL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES IN RELATION TO INNOVATION
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LOOKING BELOW NATIONAL LEVEL REVEALS DIVERSE INNOVATION "STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES AROUND THE UK"
(
London and the South East are the most innovation-intensive regions of the UK. However, there are a range of industrial clusters around the UK, and nationwide capabilities.
These clusters display a range of innovative activity, and high tech employment can be found throughout the country, with notable concentrations for example in Manchester, Edinburgh and Cambridge.
(
SOURCE: THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE UK’S CREATIVE AND HIGH-TECH ECONOMIES
SOURCE: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS, CAPTURING THE GROWTH POTENTIAL, CENTRE FOR CITIES
TechBritain map of UK tech clusters
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SOURCE: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS, CAPTURING THE GROWTH POTENTIAL, CENTRE FOR CITIES
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I WANT TO GET A DEEPER INSIGHT INTO INVESTMENT IN INNOVATION IN THE UK
I WANT TO UNDERSTAND THE UK’S STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES WHEN IT COMES TO INNOVATION
I WANT TO GET AN INSIGHT INTO THE UK’S STARTUP ECOSYSTEM
I WANT TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND BUSINESSES IN THE UK
I WANT TO UNDERSTAND THE INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIONS OF THE UK SYSTEM
Look at the UK innovation survey which takes place every 4 years or so, or the ONS statistical bulletin which provides a useful overview of R&D spending in the UK. For a wider understanding of investment in innovation look at Nesta’s Innovation Index or for insights on skills look at HESA studies, or the UK CES Employer Skills surveys
The UK government commissions regular reviews like this Comparative performance of the UK research base, but companies like Elsevier and Thomson Reuters hold the (commercial) databases. The IPO frequently publish facts and figures on UK patenting and wider intellectual property, and WIPO publish helpful country profiles. There is now a searchable database of the impact of UK research and published reports such as Research Excellence Framework Impact case studies: Economic Impact of UK science base
For research specialisation look at government reports on UK research and innovation performance; Comparative performance of the UK research base; and for a regional picture,!Mapping local comparative advantages. For Innovation specialisation look at individual Industry councils like ABPI for pharmaceuticals or UKIE for gaming; the regularly updated BIS growth dashboard or look for published reports on Eight great technologies: the patent landscapes, and UK’s economic strengths.
There are vast commercial databases and accessible resources in companies house, and ONS. Organisations like Nesta, TechCityUK create accessible report collections and Spinouts UK hold a UK-wide database and support reports like Profiling UK University Spinouts. Lots of companies analyse investment and access to finance. For free public reports try BVCA which produce reports like Venture capital activity 2013 or Nesta’s wider work on startups and Alternative Finance. The European ICT Poles of Excellence project has an interactive dashboard you could use to compare UK startup ecosystems with those in other European countries
Take a look at the regular surveys by HESA and!Praxis Unico or reports on Evaluation of UK knowledge transfer activities.For wider Intermediate research organisation data look at reports like Research and innovation organisations in the UK, the Catapult Centres or the UK contract research map.
Explore FDI involving R&D/High tech exports data in regular digests like UKTI inward investment report 2014/15 or at source from World Bank and Eurostat. HEFCE, HESA, Universities UK and British Council will have data on student flows at a national level, complemented by OECD internationally.
A great place to start is The OECD World Bank Innovation Policy Platform; and regular digests are also produced by the European Commission (Eurostat) and the OECD; (OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard) or for a wider range of countries the World Bank
I WANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE UK COMPARES TO OTHER COUNTRIES WHEN IT COMES TO SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
I WANT TO FIND OUT ABOUT THE OUTPUTS AND IMPACTS OF UK SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
IF YOU WANT TO DO YOU OWN ANALYSIS OF UK INNOVATION PERFORMANCE, HERE’S A HANDY GUIDE TO WHERE TO FIND GOOD DATA
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UNDERSTANDING UK INNOVATION POLICY AND MAPPING FUTURE STRENGTHS
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11 FOCUS SECTORS OF THE INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY:
AerospaceAgricultural technologyAutomotiveConstructionInformation economyInternational educationLife sciencesNuclearOffshore windOil and gasProfessional and business services
The strategy aims to:!! increase global competitiveness
!! strengthen manufacturing supply chains
!! support innovation
!! maximise export potential where UK is well placed to take a global lead
RECENT UK INNOVATION POLICY AIMS TO TARGET INVESTMENT IN AREAS OF CURRENT & FUTURE STRENGTH
Since the late 1970’s, UK innovation policy has been based on improving the environment for businesses to innovate and promoting and supporting general R&D investment rather than activist industrial policy.
However the financial crisis brought with it the realisation that the UK needs to rebalance its economy, both away from consumption towards investment and strengthening other sectors in relation to the financial sector.
In 2012 the UK Government launched its new industrial strategy, which shows businesses where and how the government plans to invest. The strategy has 5 strands, of which those directly relevant to innovation are sectors and technologies
UK industrial strategy. 2013 (BIS)
The UK government’s 11 sector strategies 2014 (BIS)
1 1 F O C U S S E C T O R S O F T H E I N D U S T R I A L S T R A T E G Y :
AerospaceAgricultural technologyAutomotiveConstructionInformation economyInternational educationLife sciencesNuclearOffshore windOil and gasProfessional and business services
The strategy aims to:!! increase global competitiveness
!! strengthen manufacturing supply chains
!! support innovation
!! maximise export potential where UK is well placed to take a global lead
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TECHNOLOGIES:
In 2013 the Government selected 8 technologies as a framework to help focus investment in areas where the UK has a distinctive capability and where new technologies are emerging with identifiable commercial opportunities.
The 8 technologies are:
big data, satellites, robotics, synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, agri-science, advance materials, energy
storage.
In 2014 government added quantum technologies and the internet of things to the list.
Click the learn more tab below to find out more about each technology.
THIS INCLUDES TARGETING INVESTMENT AT A RANGE OF SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES
Innovate UK prioritises its investments through understanding:
!! how the market is developing within the UK and globally
!! where the capability to answer the challenge lies along the development path
!! who could be supported to develop products and services that answer the challenge
!! what enabling technologies and competencies may be needed.
This analysis is used to create a roadmap of the potential activities required to support successful activities.
The Eight great technologies. 2013 (BIS)
Concept to commercialisation. 2011 (TSB)
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""""""""
INNOVATION POLICY IN THE UK IS DEVELOPED AT NATIONAL LEVEL, AND WITHIN DEVOLVED ADMINISTRATIONS (SCOTLAND, WALES, NORTHERN IRELAND). YET THERE IS AN IMPORTANT "
ROLE FOR LOCAL ECOSYSTEMS "(
Innovation policy is currently developed and delivered at a national level, and has been since the closure of the!English Regional Development Agencies!in 2012.
There are many reasons for this, not least that the vast bulk of the science and innovation budget goes to Higher Education Institutions, based on an assessment of excellence rather than economic need. And of course, the!Haldane Principle!prevents Government from directing science spend.
However, policy emphasises the importance of local strategies to drive economic growth with innovation across the country, for example in the ‘Northern Powerhouse.’
Many of the 39 Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) in England have identified innovation as a priority in their economic development plans, and all have drafted innovation strategies to access European funding that highlight their local comparative advantages (the EU refers to this as!smart specialisation)(
LEPS IN ENGLAND
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In 2012 the UK Foresight Horizon Scanning Centre used a futures exercise to set out where the UK has an opportunity to capitalise on its strengths in emerging technologies and markets.
Their research identified 7 cross-cutting areas where the UK’s current competitive advantage and the size of the potential market mean that they could provide the UK’s specialisms of the future.
These areas are reflected in the priorities of Innovate UK and the Catapult Centres.
SOURCE: PLAN I (BASED ON FORESIGHT HORIZON EXERCISE)
EXPERTS PREDICT OPPORTUNITITES AND STRENGTHS FOR THE UK IN A RANGE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN 2020
Technology and Innovation Futures. 2010 (BIS)
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LEARN MORE
TSB funding and support tools: https://www.innovateuk.org/funding-support
TSB priority areas of investment: https://www.innovateuk.org/our-priorities;jsessionid=D957AA508A0DDB5ABED2530230538E19.1
Catapults in a nutshell infographic: https://www.catapult.org.uk/documents/2155693/2268412/What+is+a+Catapult/e68c7c90-39e0-45b7-be4b-9ba1e1c51232?version=1.1
An introduction to the catapults: https://www.catapult.org.uk/catapult-centres
TSB (2011) Concept to commercialisation: A strategy for business innovation, 2011-2015. Available at: : https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/innovate-uk-strategy-2011-to-2015-concept-to-commercialisation
Royal Society (2011) Knowledge, Networks and Nations. Available at: http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/Influencing_Policy/Reports/2011-03-28-Knowledge-networks-nations.pdf
Allas, T. (2014) Insights from the international bench-marking of the UK science and innovation system. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/science-and-innovation-system-international-benchmarking
UKIRC (2012) The UK R&D landscape. Available at: http://ukirc.ac.uk/object/report/6403/doc/CIHE_1203RDlandscap.pdf
Office for National Statistics (2013) UK Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development, 201. Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/rdit1/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-research-and-development/2011/stb-gerd-2011.html
Allas, T. (2014) Insights from the international bench-marking of the UK science and innovation system. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/science-and-innovation-system-international-benchmarking
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LEARN MORE
UKTI (2013) UKTI at a glance. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/294367/UKTI_at_a_glance_2013_14.pdf
Research Councils UK (2013) Innovation and the research councils. Available at: http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/RCUK-prod/assets/documents/publications/Innovationbookletfinalweb.pdf
Research Councils UK. Our vision for international collaboration. Available at: http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/RCUK-prod/assets/documents/publications/international.pdf
Big(Innovation Centre (2013) Catapult to success: a review of European technology and innovation centres. Available at: http://www.biginnovationcentre.com/Assets/Docs/Catapult%20to%20Success%20report%20final.pdf
The 15 KTNs: https://connect.innovateuk.org/knowledge-transfer-networks
Nesta (2012) Plan I: The case for innovation-led growth. Available at: http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/plan-i
UKIRC (2012) The UK R&D landscape. Available at: http://ukirc.ac.uk/object/report/6403/doc/CIHE_1203RDlandscap.pdf
Nesta Innovation Index. Available at: http://www.nesta.org.uk/project/innovation-index
Nesta (2013) A manifesto for the creative economy. Available at: http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/manifesto-creative-economy
UKIRC (2012) The UK R&D landscape. Available at: http://www.ncub.co.uk/rdlandscape
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LEARN MORE
UNESCO (2013) Creative economy report 2013. Available at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/creativity/creative-economy-report-2013-special-edition/
Allas, T. (2014) Insights from the international bench-marking of the UK science and innovation system. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/science-and-innovation-system-international-benchmarking
BIS (2013) Industrial strategy: government and industry working together in partnership. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/245338/bis-13-1208-industrial-strategy-booklet.pdf
The 11 sector strategies. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/industrial-strategy-government-and-industry-in-partnership
BIS (2014) Annual Innovation Report 2014. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growth
The Eight Great Technologies. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/eight-great-technologies-infographics
BIS (2010) Technology and Innovation Futures: UK Growth Opportunities for the 2020s. Available at: http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/foresight/docs/general-publications/10-1252-technology-and-innovation-futures.pdf
TSB (2011) Concept to commercialisation: A strategy for business innovation, 2011-2015. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/innovate-uk-strategy-2011-to-2015-concept-to-commercialisation
European Union Scoreboard - http://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/innovation/facts-figures/scoreboards/files/ius-2015_en.pdf
Global Innovation Index - https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/content.aspx?page=data-analysis
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