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Innovation and Creativity
Dr. K.N. Subramanya Vice Principal &
Professor, Dept. of IEM,
R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore
E-mail: [email protected]
Presented at Professional Development Programme
Organised by
KPTCL Accounts Officer’s Association, Bangalore
On 28th October, 2014
Dr. K.N.Subramanya, Director-Administration, RVCE
Akio Morita, Lipton Tea
Parents AND MIT, Water Melon
PRG in Bosch, To see the mother
1
2
3
Lift Example, Bearings,, Crystal example 4
Some insights into innovations - Examples
The Shrinking Globe
1500 -1840 1850 - 1930 1950s 1960s
Best average speed of
horse-drawn coaches
and sailing ships, 10
mph.
Steam locomotives
average 65 mph.
Steamships average
36 mph.
Propeller
aircraft
300 - 400
mph.
Jet
passenger
aircraft,
500 - 700
mph.
Technological Innovation Cycles
Genetics ?
1870 1950 1980 1990 2020
Electricity
Telephone
Radio
Chemistry
Automobile
Aeronautics
Transportation
Computers
Steam
Engine
1800 1900
Internet
Cost of a 3-Minute Téléphone Call NY- London
(Constant 1990, U.S. $)
Genetics ?
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
$0.30
Number of years for mass-access (>50 million people market)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Phone Radio PC TV WEB
Years
85%
Digital divide: R&D Distribution
“It is not the
strongest of the
species that
survive, but the one
most responsive to
change”
- Charles Darwin
Innovation
Innovation is important
Innovation can take many forms
• Product
• Process
• Management
Innovation can lead to sustainable competitive advantage (SCA)
Innovation
Innovation doesn’t just happen
you need to create an environment that promotes innovation
Trust
Openness
Security
Honesty
Community
Innovation
For innovation work, We need to
Foster individual creativity
Design a climate/structure where
individual creativity becomes collective
creativity
Transform pure creativity into applied
creativity --- innovation
Use the innovation to create a sustainable
competitive advantage
Innovation
Conventional Banking
Modern Banking
Examples of Automation
Conventional Hotel
Fast Food Restaurant
Examples of Process Simplification
Manual Reservation Counter
Online Reservation Counter
Examples of Automation
Conventional Landline Phone
Mobile Telephony
Examples of Automation
Traditional Machine
Robot
Examples of Automation
Conventional Teaching
e - Learning
Examples of Automation
Traditional shops
Metro Mall
Examples of Process Simplification
Vegetable Market
Reliance Fresh
Examples of Process Simplification
Branch Concept & Design
projection.
Advanced Office Tele-communication
integration of information
technology into
room elements as, walls,
doors, and furniture.
Clean cars
Dominant design dependent on
- social,
- political,
- organisational,
- technological factors
Hybrid
Hydrogen
Flexfuel Electric
Analysing the environment
Automation
SmartSafe
Processing
Suite
SmartPay
Colvir
Business
Logic
APM
National Level Hub (MSSRF)
Data Managers (both connectivity and content)
Data
Generators
& Providers
Information Users (Rural
families)
Village Knowledge Centres
(VKC)
Block level hubs
Village Resource Centre
(VRC)
ISRO Uplink/
Downlink
Satellite
Web based
interactive
portal Internet
Hub and Spokes Model
Jamsetji Tata National Virtual Academy for
Rural Prosperity (NVA) - 2003
Educational Institutions
Community Radio
Internet Radio -
Synergy M
S
S
R
F
Cable Radio
Information System & Quality
Teamwork … better for all
Basic
Knowledge Invention Innovation Diffusion
Adoption
Supply side
Demand side
Imitation
1954 1956 1961 1970s
Analysing the environment: Micro, Firm level
Technology diffusion
The Innovation Process
An innovation starts as a concept that is refined and developed before application.
Innovations may be inspired by reality. The innovation process, which leads to useful technology, requires:
Research
Development (up-scaling, testing)
Production
Marketing
Use
Experience with a product results in feedback and leads to improved innovations.
Technology Adaptation and Appropriateness
Rarely is the same technological solution optimal everywhere. The value of an innovation depends on socio-economic,climatic, and ecological specifics.
Important innovative activities adapt technological solutions to specific conditions.
Export of technologies across regions without adaptation may lead to negative environmental side effects and waste.
A technology may have several versions to meet needs and capabilities of various users in a region, e.g., large vs. small farmers’ versions of a machinery.
The establishment of an innovative capability starts with a buildup of capacity to support and adopt innovations and new technologies.
Induced Innovations
Innovations respond to need and economic conditions. Inventors, investors, and researchers put effort into solving burning problems, and that leads to innovations.
Labor shortages led to mechanized equipment.
Drought conditions led to improved irrigation.
Energy crises led to higher efficiency cars.
Farmers’ cooperatives were established during periods of excessive low farm prices.
Environmental regulations trigger cleaner technologies.
A tax on carbon will lead to improved stoves and power plants.
Innovation Cycle
Innovation Scientific
Discovery
Market
Invention
Has no
instantaneous
Commercial
Value
Adopting
Invention
Buying or Ignoring the Innovation
May never be Developed into Marketable Products
Process of Technological Innovation
Idea
Generation
Concept
Definition
Market
Analysis
Technical
Analysis
Business
Plan
Approval
By Top
Mgmt.
Development Test Market Full Production
& Commercialization
Service/
Disposal
Innovation Chain Equation
Entrepre
neurship
Engineering
Development
Scientific
Invention
Manage
ment
Recognized
Social Need
Supportive
Environment
+
+
+
+
+
Commercially
Successful
Innovation
=
Dr. K.N.Subramanya, Director-Administration, RVCE
Global warming is the
result of increasing CO2
concentration in the
atmosphere
Global warming is
and will be one of the
largest challenges of
this century
Transportation
activities are one of the
main contributors to
global warming
With global warming being recognised as one of the largest challenges of this
century, carbon emissions are increasingly becoming the centre of attention
Carbon Emissions – a Global Challenge
Dr. K.N.Subramanya, Director-Administration, RVCE
Transport of tuna from Spain to Japan
Spain Japan
7500 kg
CO2
Transport of 1 pair of shoes
China North
Europe
372 g
CO2
450 kg
CO2
20 KM 0 KM
3700 g
CO2
Examples of the carbon footprints when transporting goods
India is known for Innovation & Inventions
Invention of Number system, Chess.
Invention of concept of Zero by Aryabhatta.
Origination of Algebra, trigonometry and Calculus .
World’s first University established in Takshila in 700 BC
Ayurveda, the oldest school of medicine in world, Chakras known as father
consolidated this school 2500 years ago.
Value of “pi” first calculated by Indian Mathematician Budhayana.
Pythagorean theorem concept explained by Budhayan long before European
mathematicians.
Anesthesia used as far back in ancient Indian medicine.
Sushruta as father of surgery having done complicated surgeries 2600 years back.
Sanskrit, according to Forbes magazine as most suitable language for computer
software.
Navigation art born in river Sindhu 5,000 years ago. Navigation word derived from
Sanskrit word Navgatih.
Various Types of Innovators
In the past most innovations were introduced by practitioners. Even now practitioners are important innovators. They identify a way to meet needs.
The scientific discoveries of the late 19th century gave rise to science-based innovations (Edison, Bell, Marconi).
Major companies (IBM, Sony, Bell, Kodak, GM) built their own research labs.
Public sector labs made important agricultural and environmental discoveries.
Universities and start-up companies are becoming major sources of new innovations. The ownership of a technology and leadership in its applications move between organizations over time.
Incentives for Innovations
Patents: Awards monopoly rights for 17-20 years.
Patent protection allows publication of research findings that leads to innovations.
Patent rights (for certain applications) can be transferred.
Patents are valid only where they are registered.
Copyright protection: Pertains to books, brand names, and the media.
Trade secrets: Protects against thefts.
Plant breeders’ right: Allows exclusive sales of varieties and allows farmers to reuse seeds.
Prizes: Awarded to winners of a contest for finding a technical solution to a problem.
Indigenous knowledge is poorly protected.
Some Change Attempt Examples
1990 World Wide Web…
DNA forensics Broadband Video History
Archive Iowa Electronic
University Indoor playgrounds Government services
card (Adhaar)
1-to-1 computing
E-medical records
Health care pooling
Courseware camps
Ad supported e-mail
IP video and telephony
GIS/GPS criminal tracking
Centers Are Shifting
Center of Proximity and Concentration
Center of Culture/Entertainment
Center of Production
Center of Application
Center of Global Scale
Center of Excellence
Center of Integration
Center of Creativity
Center of Discovery
Center of Brokering
Center of Service
Past (Settled)
Future (Frontier)
Turning perceptions and knowledge to action How to stimulate and implement innovations, creating impact on social
change towards a socially just and more equal knowledge society?
Concepts
Competencies
Capabilities ► Innovation
resources
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
abstraction
pattern recognition
linear thinking
lateral th.
processing, segregation
attribution, conflict
cognition, empathy
creation, balancing
facts & figures
forecasts, scenarios
strategies, conventions
joint action: cooperation
Innovation in technology…
Communications and broadcasting are converging together.
TV can be used for internet and voice and likewise mobile
can be used for anything.
Terrestrial TV, cable TV, CAS and now DTH, further moving
to digitalization.
IPTV, Mobile TV going to change lives and the way we think
traditionally.
Indian Telecom most innovative….hello tones, Ring back
tones, missed call, maximum music download, mobile in
hand a fashion not elsewhere in world.
Innovation in technology…
Today experts talk of open innovation centered around
customer services and developed as inter operable
platforms.
The path to innovation…. E.g.. Apple computer to Home
,IPOD Digital Music player to I Phone- multimedia hand
phone with camera, internet, music player, WIFI
A group of Google, Intel, Dell, HP and Microsoft collectively
formed the White Space Coalition and delivered to FCC two
WIFI devices that operates in this spectrum without
interfering with high-definition TV.
Innovation in technology…
RFID enabling retailers to deliver
personalized shopping experience.
Automobile manufacturers enhancing GPS,
multimedia services on dashboard.
navigator calculator camera mail
Music system computer PDA phone
radio directory TV video camera
video game walkman watch
?
Where on earth you can find all this in one gadget and you can move
around keeping it in your jacket pocket!
and…..mind you we have not yet added in this list
Answering machine Recording machine Personal secretary Personal massager Card reader Internet Navigator Photo Album Music Album Juke Box………………..and what not to come!
Cell phone, Of course!
Welcome to the world of technology innovation!
and
ITS CHANGING LIVES OF ALL OF US
Fisherman Vegetable Vendor Textile Merchant
Blind Students Adult Education E-Medication
Lapping up Mudras I am in Queue Matter of Heart
Checking best rates “Mobile” Vendor Rediscovering Life
Where are we heading to…
Youngest Website Designer of the World – is an Indian Boy!
Where is my cell phone mama..
I want to SMS to God that I have reached safely!
THANK YOU MY CHILD
INNOVATE YOUR STAY!
GOD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT RECEIPT OF THE SMS
Innovations also means changed lifestyles
Earlier We used to run inside the house,
to receive the call
With Mobile innovation emergence
Now we run out side the house
for better coverage
in spite of big coverage
and technologies
Apple’s Innovations Date Innovation
1974 First single circuit board computer (Apple I)
1976 First personal computer (Apple II)
1983 First graphical user interface and mouse (Lisa)
1983 Microsoft Word (first on Apple)
1987 Apple talk (first PC network)
1991 First multi-task OS for PCs (System 7)
1993 First PDA (Newton)
1999 USB/Firewire standard and wireless networking
2001 Integrated flat panel
2002 iTunes and iPod/iLife
Global Company
Largest private corporation
on the planet (after Exxon)
2007 sales = $351 billion
Objective: to double sales
within five years!
= 33% of Canada’s GDP
= 100% x Argentina’s GDP
= 130% x Poland’s GDP
2 x Thailand’s GDP
7 x Morocco’s GDP
26 x Tanzania’s GDP
Challenges To Indian Industry
Threat Of Imports
Easy Availability Of International Brand
MNC’s Have Deeper Pockets
MNC’s R&D, Systems
Pressure To Improve Operational Efficiency
Business Houses Also Expanding (Reliance, Adity Birla, M&M, Tata
Motors, Asian Paints, Ranbaxy, Cipla, Dr Reddy’s)
Export Market Potential
Innovative Marketing Strategy
Innovative IR And HR
Spare Parts
Availability dates: Artificial Brain Cells 2017 Artificial Brain 2035 Artificial Eyes 2010 Artificial Eye Implant 2024 Permanent Mechanical Heart 2010 Synthetic Muscles 2019 Lungs And Kidneys 2015
DATA: BRITISH TELEPHONE LABS in Business Week, March 200 and in The Register, February 2005
Vision
By the year 2040 a super computer reaches the collective brain speed of all the human brains alive.
By 2050 global brain speed is available on a $1,000 laptop.
Cumulative machine intelligence becomes larger than cumulative human intelligence.
GNR(Genetic, Nanotechnology & Robotics) combine to remake civilization as we know it.
What and Where Is Work and Who or What Does It?
Human Race
Workplace Workers
Distributed Workers
Outsourced Workers
Crowd Sourced
Workers
Machine Race Computers and Robots
Workplace Machines
Distributed Machines
Outsourced Machines
Distributed
Processing
Work
Play
Neither and Both
Future Global Challenges
National Academy of Engineering, USA has set 14 challenges for 21st Century
1. Make solar energy economical
2. Provide access to clean water
3. Provide energy from fusion
4. Reverse – engineer the brain
5. Restore and improve urban infrastructure
6. Advance personalized learning
7. Engineer the tools of scientific discovery
Future Global Challenges
National Academy of Engineering, USA has set 14 challenges for 21st Century
8. Engineer better medicines
9. Develop carbon sequestration methods
10. Secure cyber space
11. Prevent nuclear terror
12. Advance health informatics
13. Enhance virtual reality
14. Manage the nitrogen cycle
