Ingles Comercial

Commercial English Lessons

Nice to meet you The alphabet El abecedario I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z L-Y-N-C-H H-O-U-S-T-O-N C-H-A-N S-P-I-E-L-B-E-R-G

A B C D E F G H a b c d e f g h

LYNCH HOUSTON CHAN SPIELBERG

Escribe cada letra de tu apellido en las casillas y trata de deletrearlo...

What's your name? My name is ...

Cul es tu nombre? Mi nombre es ...

What's your name? My name is Jennifer.

What's his name? His name is Michael.

What's her name? Her name is Nicole.

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Commercial English LessonsENGLISH Normal I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are Contracted I'm You're He's She's It's We're You're They're ESPAOL Normal Yo soy, estoy T eres, ests El es, est Ella es, est El/Ella es, est Nosotros/as somos, estamos Ustedes son, estn Ellos/as son, estn

What ___ her name? are is its

How old ___ they? is are am The application ___ easy to complete. is are am

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Commercial English Lessonsthis that sta, ste so, sa, aquello, aquella

these stas, stos those sos, sas, aqullos, aqullas

SINGULAR a an un, una

PLURAL some unos, unas, algunos, algunas

un, una

ENGLISH Normal Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you? Are they? Contracted Normal

ESPAOL Contraccin Soy/Estoy? Eres/Ests? Es/Est? (El) Es/Est? (Ella) Es/Est? (El o Ella) Somos/Estamos? Son/Estn? (para Ustedes) Son/Estn? (para Ellos/as)

Soy/Estoy yo? Eres/Ests t? Es/Est l? Es/Est ella? Es/Esta l? Es/Est ella? Somos/Estamos nosotros? Son/Estn ustedes? Son/Estn ellos/as?

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Commercial English Lessons1. -----------you Orlando? 2. -------------they Steven and Jessica? 3. ------------she Susan Lynch? 4.------------ you Martha and Jennifer? 5. --------------he in Colombia? 6------------------ I in Spain? 7. ---------she in Venezuela? 8. ------------Lisa and Martin in Chile? Yes, I am. Yes, they are. Yes, she is. Yes, we are. Yes, he is. Yes, you are. Yes, she is. Yes, they are.

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVO ESPAOL Normal Yo no soy/estoy T no eres/ests El no es/est Ella no es/est El/Ella no es/est Contraccin No soy/estoy No eres/ests No es/est (para El) No es/est (para Ella) No es/est (para El o Ella)

ENGLISH Normal I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not You are not They are not Contracted I'm not You're not You aren't He's not He isn't She's not She isn't It's not It isn't We're not We aren't You're not You aren't They're not They aren't

Nosotros/as no somos No somos Nosotros/as no estamos No estamos Ustedes no son/estn Ellos/as no son/estn No son/estn (para Ustedes) No son/estn (para Ellos o Ellas)

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Commercial English LessonsAre you in Spain? (Buenos Aires) 2. Is she in El Salvador? (Chile) 3. Is he Martin Lynch? (Robert Lynch) 4. Are they in Bolivia? (Bolivia) 5. Are we in Per? (Colombia) 6. Is Argentina in America? (America) 7. Is she Nicole? (Deborah) 8. Are Lisa and Michelle in Mexico? (Uruguay)

My name is Patricia and I am a teacher, your name is .......... and you are ............, her name is................ and he is ..............

WHAT is your last name? (It's) Oliveira Fernandez. WHAT are your first and middle names? (They're) Monica Gabriela. WHAT is the Louvre like? It's fantastic !! WHAT color are taxis in Spain? They're black and yellow.

CUL es tu apellido? (Es) Oliveira Fernandez. CULES son tu primer y segundo nombres? (Son) Monica Gabriela. CMO es el Louvre? Es fantstico! DE QU color son los taxis en Espaa? Son negros y amarillos. DNDE est mi agenda? Est debajo del portafolios. EN QU PARTE de Argentina est Ushuaia? Est en Tierra del Fuego. QUIN es este seor? Es el Sr. Ronald., ele encargado QUINES son? Son Marta y Santiago Muller.

WHERE is my address book? It's under the briefcase. WHERE in Argentina is Ushuaia? It's in Tierra del Fuego.

WHO is this gentleman? He's Mr. Ronald., the manager WHO are they? They're Marta and Santiago Muller.

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Commercial English LessonsPossessive Nouns My Mo

your Tuyo, suyo) His Her Its our De l De ella De ello nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras (de nosotros) su (de ustedes) vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras (de vosotros) su, sus (de ellos o ellas) Este es mi paraguas. Este es tu libro. Esta es nuestra aula. Estas son las llaves de Robert. Estas son sus llaves. Estos son los anteojos de Sara. Estos son sus anteojos. La Sra. Lee es la profesora de Katherine y Daniel. Ella es su profesora. Es ste el paraguas de Alice? S, es. No, no es. Son stas las llaves de Daniel? S, son. No, no son.

your

their

This is my umbrella. This is your book. This is our classroom. These are Robert's keys. These are his keys. These are Sarah's glasses. These are her glasses. Mrs. Lee is Katherine and Daniel's teacher. She is their teacher. Is this Alice's umbrella? Yes, it is. No, it's not. Are these Daniel's keys? Yes, they are. No, they're not.

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Commercial English LessonsIs this your book? Es este tu libro? Victor: Lisa: Victor: Victor: Excuse me, are you Jennifer Wan? No, I'm not. She's over there. I'm sorry. ....... Excuse me, are you Jennifer Wan? I think this is your book. Disclpame, eres Jennifer Wan? No, no soy. Ella est por all. Lo siento. ....... Disclpame, eres Jennifer Wan? S, soy. Creo que este es tu libro. Tienes razn. Es mi libro de Ingls. Gracias. A propsito, soy Vctor Garca. Un gusto conocerte

Jennifer: Yes, I am. Victor:

Jennifer: You're right. It's my English book. Thank you. Victor: By the way, I'm Victor Garcia.

Jennifer: It's nice to meet you, Victor. Are you from Canada? Yes, I am. No, I'm not. Is Mary from New Zealand? Yes, she is. No, she's not. = No, she isn't. Is this handbag from Korea? Yes, it is. No, it's not. = No, it isn't. Are you and Lisa Chinese? Yes, we are. No, we're not. = No, we aren't. Are they from Japan? Yes, they are. No, they're not. = No, they aren't.

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Commercial English LessonsCOUNTRY / PAS Colombia Egypt England Italy Poland Lebanon India Cambodia Turkey Venezuela Vietnam Peru Colombia Egipto Inglaterra Italia Polonia Lbano India Cambodia Turqua Venezuela Vietnam Per NATIONALITY / NACIONALIDAD Colombian Egyptian English Italian Polish Lebanese Indian Cambodian Turkish Venezuelan Vietnamese Peruvian Colombiano/a Egipcio/a Ingls/a Italiano/a Polaco/a Libans/a Hind Cambodiano/a Turco/a Venezolano/a Vietnamita Peruano/a

Listening: Presentation Paulo: Mom and Dad, this is Tom Hayes. Tom, these are my parents. Tom: Pleased to meet you, Mr. and Mucho gusto (en conocerlos), Sr. Mrs. Tavares. y Sra. Tavares. Encantada (de conocerte), Tom. Mam y pap, este es Tom Hayes. Tom, estos son mis padres.

Mrs. Nice to meet you, Tom. Tavares: Paulo: Tom: They're on vacation. Oh, where are you from in Brazil?

My parents are here from Brazil. padres llegaron de Brasil. Mis Estn de vacaciones. Ah, De qu parte de Brasil son ustedes? Somos de Ro (de Janeiro).

Mr. We're from Rio. Tavares:

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Commercial English LessonsNumbers2: Two 3: Three 4: Four 5: Five dos tres cuatro cinco 7: Seven 8: Eight 9: Nine 10: Ten siete ocho nueve diez 12: Twelve 13: Thirteen 14: Fourteen 15: Fifteen doce trece catorce quince 17: 20: 16: Sixteen 18: Eighteen 19: Nineteen Seventeen Twenty diediseis dieciocho diecinueve diedisiete veinte 1: One uno 6: Six seis 11: Eleven once

21: Twenty- 22: Twenty- 23: Twentyone two three veintiuno veintidos veintitres 26: Twenty- 27: Twenty- 28: Twentysix seven eight veintiseis veintisiete veintiocho

24: Twentyfour veinticuatro 29: Twentynine veintinueve

25: Twentyfive veinticinco 30: Thirty treinta

31: Thirty-one treinta y uno 80: Eighty ochenta 110: One hundred ten cientodiez

50: Fifty 60: Sixty cincuenta sesenta 100: One 200: Two 90: Ninety hundred hundred noventa cien doscientos 224: Two 251: Two 115: One hundred hundred fortyhundred fifteen twenty-four one cientoquince doscientos doscientos veinticuatro cincuenta y uno

40: Forty cuarenta

70: Seventy setenta 300: Three hundred trescientos 314: Three hundred fourteen trescientos catorce

Tell the number! My credit car number is ...... Describing things What is this? What is it like?

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a hairbrush un cepillo de pelo

an address book una agenda

a comb un peine

a wallet una billetera

a driver's license una licencia de conducir

credit cards tarjetas de crdito

keys llaves

pens lapiceras

glasses/eyeglasses anteojos/gafas

My eyegasses are violet and small My credit card is blue and yellow Where are de grapes?

in

on

under

next to

behind

in front of

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Listening: The colors

What color is the suit? The suit is gray. / It's gray.

De qu color es el traje? El traje es gris. / Es gris.

What color are the boots? De qu color son las botas? The boots are green. / They're green. botas son verdes. / Son verdes. Las

The suit is gray El traje es gris

The blouse is white La blusa es blanca

The skirt is dark green La pollera es verde oscuro

The dress is pink El vestido es rosa

The slacks are light brown Los pantalones son marrn claro

The shirt is light blue La camisa es celeste

The tie is orange La corbata es naranja

The coat is beige El abrigo es beige

The shorts are white Los pantalones cortos son blancos

The running shoes are purple Las zapatillas son violetas

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The hat is black El sombrero es negro

The boots are green Las botas son verdes

The scarf is yellow La bufanda es amarilla

The T-shirt is red La camiseta es roja

The shoes are grey Los zapatos son grises

wristwatch reloj pulsera

blue jean vaquero

bathing suit traje de bao

neckties corbatas

high heels tacos altos

pajamas pijama

I have an idea!To have (tener) I have You have He has/She has It has They have We have You have

I have a red scarf, but not a pair of trousers My scarf is red

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Commercial English Lessons1) Ask the shop __________ where the washing powder is. a) nurse b) assisstant. c) writer d) butcher 2) That _____________ sells very good meat. a) baker b) butcher c) florist d) tailor

a) actor b) dentist c) writer d) butcher

a) architect b) inspector c) doctor d) lorry driver

a) postman b) inspector c) nurse d) baker

a) lawyer b) agent c) hairdresser d) journalist

a) sailor b) porter c) soldier d) politician

a) author b) seller c) porter d) farmer

9) The _____________ took his sheep up the mountain. a) tailor b) sheppard

a) butcher b) manager c) stunt man

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Commercial English Lessonsc) florist d) priest

d) priest

1. bald 2. complete 3. crowded 4. deep 5. fatal 6. relaxed 7. spicy 8. strong 9. wavy 10. woollen 11. expensive 12. excellent

a. accent b. atmosphere c. failure d. ring e. hair f. head g. hole h. injury i. train j. performance k. food l. sweater

What time is it? Una manera fcil de decir la hora es la de decir los nmeros tal cual: 10.20 ten twenty 2.15 two fifteen 5.45 five forty-five Para decir las horas en punto podemos decir: nine o nine o'clock (nueve en punto) Pero no podemos decir: six-thirty o'clock Podemos dar la exactitud de la hora diciendo: Otra manera de decir la hora es la siguiente: 1:00 3:10 4:15 5:30 one o'clock ten past three a quarter past four half past five

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Commercial English Lessons8:35 twenty-five to nine 9:45 a quarter to ten Diferencias entre ingls britnico e ingls americano * a quarter past (UK) y cuarto // a quarter after (US) y cuarto * a half past (UK) y media // thirty (US) y media Preguntar y decir por la hora What time is it? What's the time? (Qu hora es?) It's ... (Es la... Son las...) It's about ... (Son aproximadamente las

Ejercicio de vocabulario oral: Calendario Das de la semana Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Estaciones del ao Spring Summer Autumn (brit) Fall (amer) Winter Meses del ao January February March April May June July August September October November December En relacin a tiempo Month Monthly Today Tomorrow Tonight Yesterday Week Weekend Weekly Year Century Decade

Das festivos Easter Halloween Thanksgiving Independence day Christmas Christmas eve New year's day New year's eve

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Commercial English LessonsThirty days have November, April, June and September. To January add another Treinta das tienen noviembre, day, abril, junio y setiembre. Also to August, March and A enero agrgale un da ms, May Lo mismo que a agosto, marzo y July, October and mayo, December. julio, octubre y diciembre. All these, have thirty-one, Recuerda que stos tienen treinta remember. y uno. To February twenty-eight A febrero asgnale veintiocho assign y en ao bisiesto, veintinueve. And in a leap year, twentynine.

Guess: What is it? 1. We wear them to keep our hands warm. 2. We wear it to keep our heads warm 3. We wrap it around our necks in winter 4. Men usually wear one around their necks 5. We wear them on our feet under footwear. 6. We wear it on top of our clothes to keep us warm. 7. It has buttons up the front, a collar, sleeves and is often white 8. It goes from the waist down, is most often worn by women and can be mini, knee or ankle length 9. Trousers or a skirt with a matching jacket is called a ___

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COUNTABLE NOUNS SINGULAR an apple PLURAL apples

SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES

I'm eating an apple. Estoy comiendo una manzana Apples are my favorite fruit. La manzana es mi fruta favorita. I like apples. Me gustan las manzanas. NO CONTABLES

una manzana manzanas a carrot carrots

una zanahoria zanahorias a potato una papa potatoes papas

UNCOUNTABLE SINGULAR ONLY yogurt yogur beef bife broccoli brcoli

I'm eating yogurt. Estoy comiendo yogur. Yogurt is delicious. El yogur es delicioso. I love yogurt. Me encanta el yogur.

PRESENT CONTINUOS TENSEWhat are you doing now?

Affirmative I am going

Negative I am not going

Interrogative Am I going ?

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Commercial English LessonsYou are going He is going She is going It is going We are going You are going They are going Affirmative You are not going He is not going She is not going It is not going You are not going They are not going Are you going ? Is he going ? Is she going ? Is it going ?

We are not going Are we going ? Are you going ? Are they going ?

subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing"

I am going to New York - Estoy yendo a New York He is going to New York - El est yendo a New York Negative subject + am/is/are + not + 1 > "ing" I am not going to New York - No estoy yendo a New York He is not going to New York - El no est yendo a New York Interrogative Am/Is/Are + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ?

Am I going to New York ? - Estoy yendo a New York ? Is he going to New York ? - Est l yendo a New York ?

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Commercial English Lessonsusos del presente continuo Acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar. Lucas is getting up now. Lucas se est levantando ahora. My wife is having lunch now. Mi esposa est almorzando ahora. Planes futuros que han sido confirmados. The manager is meeting me tonight. El gerente se va a reunir conmigo esta noche. They are arriving tomorrow morning. Van a llegar maana por la maana. Acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo y sobre las que se ha tomado una resolucin firme. I am going to visit their office in Caracas next week. Voy a visitar su oficina de Caracas la prxima semana. Acciones habituales con sentido negativo que llevan always. Mike is always talking nonsense. Mike siempre est hablando estupideces. He is always annoying his friends. Siempre est molestando a sus amigos. verbos que no suelen utilizarse en presente continuo know - like - want - love - hate - need expresiones usuales del presente continuo the next - at moment - now - in this week on Sunday - this evening - tomorrow

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attend carry close drive find go open

attending carrying closing driving finding going opening

play put rain run say see snow

playing putting raining running saying seeing snowing

spell swim take walk watch wear write

spelling swimming taking walking watching wearing writing

I'm wearing a coat, but I'm not wearing boots.

Estoy usando un abrigo, pero no estoy usando botas.

You're wearing a coat, Ests usando un abrigo, but you aren't wearing boots. pero no ests usando botas. She's wearing a coat, but she isn't wearing boots. We're wearing a coat, but we aren't wearing boots. (Ella) Est usando un abrigo, pero no est usando botas. Estamos usando un abrigo, pero no estamos usando botas.

They're wearing a coat, (Ellos) Estn usando un abrigo, but they aren't wearing boots. pero no estn usando botas. It's snowing, and it's very cold. I'm wearing a coat, but I'm not wearing boots. It's very cold, so let's take a taxi. Est nevando, y est muy fro. Estoy usando un abrigo, pero no estoy usando botas. Est muy fro, entonces tomemos un taxi.

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Commercial English LessonsShe's running, so she's wearing running shoes. He's driving, but he isn't wearing his glasses. We are walking in the snow, but we aren't wearing boots. They're playing tennis, but they aren't wearing tennis shoes. It's snowing, and I'm taking a walk. (Ella) Est corriendo, entonces est usando zapatillas. (El) Est conduciendo, pero no est usando sus anteojos. Estamos caminando en la nieve, pero no estamos usando botas. (Ellos) Estn jugando tennis, pero no estn usando zapatillas de tennis. (El tiempo) Est nevando, y estoy dando una vuelta (paseando

Listening: Susan: Uh-oh. Peter: What's the matter? Susan: It's snowing, and it's very cold. Peter: Well, you're wearing a coat. Ajj-brr. Qu ocurre? Est nevando y hace mucho fro. Bueno, pero ests usando un abrigo. Pero no estoy usando botas. Y hace 32 grados! Eso es 0 grado centgrado! Est realmente fro. Entonces tomemos un taxi. Buena idea. Vamos!

Susan: But I'm not wearing boots. And it's thirtytwo degrees !!! Peter: That's zero degrees Celsius !!! That's really cold.

Susan: So let's take a taxi. Peter: Great idea. Come on !!!

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Commercial English LessonsMore verbs! Clean cleaning come coming dance dancing do doing feel feeling get getting dressed dressed get ready getting ready get up have have fun listen to look at look for getting up having having fun listening to looking at looking for limpiar venir bailar hacer sentir vestirse prepararse levantarse (cama) tener, comer divertirse escuchar (a) mirar (a) buscar plant planting plantar pull pulling tirar, extraer read reading leer rememberremembering recordar shop shopping comprar sit sleep start stay vacuum wait wash work sitting sleeping starting staying vacuuming waiting washing working sentarse dormir comenzar permanecer aspirar (polvo) esperar lavar trabajar

EXERCISE A

Put the verb into the correct form.

Examples: Please don't make so much noise. I am studying (study) Let's go out now. It isn't raining (not rain) anymore.Listen to those people. What language are they speaking (they/speak)? 1. Please be quiet. I ---------------(try) to concentrate. 2. Look! It -------------------(snow). 3. Why --------------------(you / look) at me like that? Did I say something wrong? 4. You -------------------(make) a lot of noise. Can you be a little bit quieter? 5. Excuse me, I ---------------(look) for a phone booth. Is there one near here? 6. (at the movies) It's a good movie, isn't it? -------------------(you / enjoy) it? 7. Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They -------------------(yell) at each other again. 8. Why --------------------(you / wear) your coat today? It's very warm. EXERCISE B Complete these sentences using one of these verbs: GET - BECOME - CHANGE - RISE - IMPROVE - FALL Page 23

Commercial English LessonsINCREASE You don't have to use all the verbs and you can use some of them more than once. Example: The population of the world is rising very fast. 1. The number of people without jobs -----------------------at the moment. 2. He is still sick, but he --------------------better slowly. 3. These days food ---------------------more and more expensive. 4. The world-----------------------. Things never stay the same. 5. The cost of living---------------------. Every year things are more expensive. 6. George has gone to work in Spain. At first, his Spanish wasn't very good, but now it---------------------------. 7. The economic situation is already very bad, and it ----------------------worse. EXERCISE C Read this conversation between Brian and Steve. Put each verb in the correct form.

Brian and Steve meet in a restaurant. Brian: Hello, Steve. I haven't seen you for ages. What are you doing (you / do) these days?

Steve I ----------------------------(work) in a department store. : Brian: Really? --------------------(you / enjoy) it? Steve Yeah, it's OK. How about you? : Brian: Well, I ----------------(not / work) at the moment, but I'm very busy. I ---------------------------------(build) a house. Steve Really? ------------------(you / do) it alone? : Brian: No, some friends of mine -------------------------(help) me Listening:

A

CHRIS: What am I doing? I'm

B Page 24

TERRY: We're working in the

Commercial English Lessonsshopping for summer clothes. This bathing suit is great. I'm also looking for sandals. I'm getting ready for a vacation at the beach. THE PICTURE IS

garden today. We're planting flowers and pulling weeds. This is our favorite thing to do on a Saturday. THE PICTURE IS

STACY: My friend and I are just driving around and looking at people. We're not doing anything special. But we're having fun. C THE PICTURE IS

PAT: I'm just sitting outdoors, in a caf. And I'm having coffee, of course. I'm reading a great book. It's a love story. Uh-oh... It's starting to rain. D THE PICTURE IS

Describing what is /he/he doing

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Commercial English LessonsSimple Present Presente Simple What do you do? Qu haces? - What does he do? Qu hace? Affirmative I go You go He goes She goes It goes We go You go They go Affirmative Negative I don't go You don't go He doesn't go She doesn't go It doesn't go You don't go They don't go Interrogative Do I go ? Do you go ? Does he go ? Does she go ? Does it go ?

We don't go Do we go ? Do you go ? Do they go ?

subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)

I go to New York - Voy a New York He goes to New York - El va a New York Negative subject + don't / doesn't + 1 I don't go to New York - No voy a New York He doesn't go to New York - El no va a New York Interrogative Do / Does + subject + 1 ? Do I go to New York ? - Voy a New York ? Does he go to New York ? - Va l a New York ? usos del presente simple Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria). Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve. Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario. Hechos o verdades generales. The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste. Page 26

Commercial English LessonsThe Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol. Situaciones permanentes. Maria lives in Buenos Aires. Mara vive en Buenos Aires. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton. Primer Condicional. If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite. Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda. expresiones usuales del presente simple often - generally - usually - always - never every day - every week - every month - every year - sometimes I always have breakfast. Siempre tomo el desayuno. I usually have breakfast. Usualmente (generalmente) tomo el desayuno. I often have breakfast. A menudo (Frecuentemente) tomo el desayuno. I sometimes have breakfast. Algunas veces tomo el desayuno. I seldom have breakfast. Raras veces tomo el desayuno. I never have breakfast. Do you ever have tea? I don't usually have tea. I don't often have tea. I don't ever have tea. Nunca tomo el desayuno. Tomas el t alguna vez? Generalmente no tomo el t. No tomo el t a menudo (frecuentemente No tomo nunca el t. Do you usually have tea? Tomas el t usualmente (generalmente)?

take walk speak

takes walks speaks

live go carry

lives goes carries

watch use close

watches uses closes

do say have

does says has

HE, SHE, IT ... EL, ELLA ...

HE, SHE, IT ...

EL, ELLA ...

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Commercial English Lessonscarry carries do does get dressed gets dressed get ready gets ready get up gets up lleva hace se viste se prepara se levanta go have have fun wash watch goes has has fun washes watches va tiene se divierte lava mira, observa

My name is Patricia , Im a teacher in a language school, so , generally I dont earn very much money. I always try to save a little money every month because I want to buy a new car. I hope I dont want to borrow money from the bank because they charge interests on the loan. The best solution is be to win a few million euros on the lottery. That is very difficult because I never buy lottery tickets! Countable vs. Uncountable AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS We need some vegetables. QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS PREGUNTAS Y ORACIONES NEGATIVAS Do you want any carrots? We don't need any carrots. Necesitamos algunas verduras Quieres algunas zanahorias? No necesitamos ninguna zanahoria. We need some meat. Do you want any chicken? We don't need any chicken. Necesitamos algo de carne. Quieres algo de pollo? No necesitamos nada de pollo. We need some. Do you want any? We don't need any. Necesitamos algunos/as. Quieres algunos/as? No necesitamos ninguno/a.

I live in the suburbs. I don't live in the city. You live in the suburbs.

(Yo) Vivo en los suburbios. (Yo) No vivo en la ciudad. (T) Vives en los suburbios.

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Commercial English LessonsYou don't live in the city. He lives in the suburbs. He doesn't live in the city. She lives in the suburbs. She doesn't live in the city. We live in the suburbs. We don't live in the city. (T) No vives en la ciudad. (El) Vive en los suburbios. (El) No vive en la ciudad. (Ella) Vive en los suburbios. (Ella) No vive en la ciudad. (Nosotros/as) Vivimos en los suburbios. (Nosotros/as) No vivimos en la ciudad. They live in the suburbs. They don't live in the city. IRREGULAR VERBS I have a car. My wife has a car, too. We both go to work by car. My son goes to school by bus. I do my work in an office. My son does his work at school. Do you get up early on Sundays? No, I get up late. What time do you get up? At noon. Te levantas temprano los domingos? No, me levanto tarde. A qu hora te levantas? Al medioda. (Ellos/as) Viven en los suburbios. (Ellos/as) No viven en la ciudad. VERBOS IRREGULARES (Yo) Tengo un automvil. Mi esposa tiene un automvil, tambin. (Nosotros) Ambos vamos a trabajar en auto. Mi hijo va a la escuela en mnibus. Yo hago mi trabajo en la oficina. Mi hijo hace su trabajo en la escuela.

Does she eat breakfast in the morning? Toma (ella) el desayuno por la maana? Yes, she eats breakfast at work. At nine o'clock. Do they go to work together? Yes, they go together every day. What time do they go to work? At a quarter to eight. S, (ella) toma el desayuno en el trabajo. A las nueve. Van (ellos) al trabajo juntos? S, (ellos) van juntos al trabajo todos los das. A qu hora van (ellos) al trabajo? A las ocho menos cuarto. TIME EXPRESSIONS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO What time does she eat breakfast? A qu hora toma (ella) el desayuno?

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Commercial English Lessonsevery day every morning on Sundays on weekdays in the morning in the afternoon at nine o' clock todos los das todas las maanas los domingos los das laborables por la maana por la tarde a las nueve en punto

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Commercial English LessonsFrequency adverbs The barbecue

Charles: What do we need for the Qu necesitamos para el barbecue? asado? Anne: Well, we need Bueno, necesitamos carne hamburger meat and hot de hamburguesa y dogs. salchichas. Tenemos algo de carne en el congelador pero no tenemos salchichas. De acuerdo, y no hay ningn bollo (panecillo). Necesitamos gaseosas? S. Compremos algunas gaseosas y limonada tambin.

Charles: We have some hamburger in the freezer, but we don't have any hot dogs. Anne: Right, and there aren't any buns. Yes, we do. Let's buy some soda and some lemonade, too.

Charles: Do we need any soda? Anne:

Charles: All right. And how about Muy bien. Y qu te parece some potato salad? algo de ensalada de papas? Sarah: Let's have breakfast together on Sunday. Desayunemos juntas el domingo. De acuerdo. Pero, Por qu no vienes a mi casa? Los domingos mi familia toma un desayuno a la Japonesa. No me digas? Qu comen? Generalmente comemos pescado, arroz y sopa. Pescado? Vaya qu interesante. A veces comemos ensalada tambin. Y siempre tomamos t verde. Bueno, no suelo comer pescado en el desayuno pero me encanta probar cosas nuevas.

Kumiko: OK. But why don't you come to my house? On Sundays my family has a Japanese-style breakfast. Sarah: Really? What do you have?

Kumiko: We usually have fish, rice, and soup. Sarah: Fish? Now that's interesting.

Kumiko: We sometimes have salad, too. And we always have green tea. Sarah: Well, I don't often eat fish for breakfast, but I love to try new things.

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Commercial English LessonsAnne: Great idea !! Everyone likes potato salad. Gran idea! A todos les gusta la ensalada de papas. No nos olvidemos del postre. S. Qu te parece algo de fruta? Quizs mangos y frutillas (fresas). Hmm. Realmente no me gusta la fruta. Lo s. Tu postre favorito es el pastel de manzana. S. Pastel de manzana con helado! OK. Entonces anotemos pastel de manzana y helado en la lista de compras. Charles: Let's not forget dessert. Anne: Yeah. How about some fruit? Maybe mangoes and strawberries.

Charles: Hm. I don't really like fruit. Anne: I know. Your favorite dessert is apple pie.

Charles: Yes. Apple pie with ice cream !! Anne: OK. So let's put apple pie and ice cream on the shopping list.

Listening Julia: Hi, Charles. What's the matter? Hola, Charles. Qu sucede? Mi auto no funciona. Estoy esperando el remolque. Tienes quien te lleve a casa? S, mi esposa me pasa a buscar. Menos mal. Vives cerca de aqu? No, vivimos en los suburbios. Y t? Vivo en el centro con mis padres. Tienes auto? No necesito auto. Voy caminando al trabajo. Eres afortunada!

Charles: My car isn't working. I'm waiting for a towtruck. Julia: Do you have a ride home? Charles: Yes, my wife is coming to get me. Julia: Charles: That's good. Do you live near here? No, we live in the suburbs. What about you? I live downtown, with my parents. Do you have a car? I don't need a car. I walk to work. You're lucky !!!

Julia: Charles: Julia: Charles:

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Commercial English LessonsJobs and professions She's a receptionist. Ella es recepcionista. She's a doctor. Ella es mdica. She's a nurse. Ella es enfermera. She's a singer. Ella es cantante. He's a musician. El es msico. He's a cheff. El es cocinero. He's a waiter. El es mozo (camarero). She's a waitress. Ella es camarera. He's a pilot. El es piloto. She's a flight attendant. Ella es azafata. She's a judge. Ella es jueza. He's a lawyer. El es abogado. He's a police officer. El es agente de polica. He's a security guard. El es guardia de seguridad. He's a salesclerk. El es vendedor de tienda. He's a cashier. El es cajero.

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Commercial English LessonsJobs and professions What do you do?

accountant contador/a

air traffic controller controlador/ a areo

athlete atleta

college professor profesor/a universitario

restaurant cook cocinero/a

salesperson vendedor/a de negocios

teacher maestro/a

travel agent agente de viajes

Where do you work? I work in a hotel. What do you do there? I'm a receptionist. Where does she work? She works in a store. What does she do there? She's a cashier. Where do they work? They work in a hospital. What do they do there? They're nurses. Rachel: Where does your brother work? Angela: He works in a hotel. Rachel: Oh. What does he do, exactly? Angela: He's a chef in a French restaurant. Rachel: That's interesting. My boyfriend works

Dnde trabajas? Trabajo en un hotel. Qu haces all? Soy recepcionista. Dnde trabaja (ella)? (Ella) Trabaja en una tienda. Qu hace (ella) all? Es cajera. Dnde trabajan (ellos/as)? Trabajan en un hospital. Qu hacen (ellos/as) all? Son enfermeros/as. Dnde trabaja tu hermano? Trabaja en un hotel. Ah. Qu hace exactamente? Es cocinero de un restaurante francs. Qu interesante. Mi novio trabaja en un hotel tambin.

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Commercial English Lessonsin a hotel, too. Angela: Is he a chef? Rachel: No, he's a security guard, but he doesn't like the work. So he's looking for a new job. Es cocinero? No, es guardia de seguridad pero no le gusta ese trabajo. As que est buscando un nuevo empleo

1

2

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CECILIAA: What do you do, Cecilia? B: I work in a restaurant. A: Really. What do you do, exactly? B: I'm a chef. I cook lunch and dinner there. A: That's not an easy job, is it? B: No, it's a difficult job, but I like it.

CHRISTINEA: Where do you work, Christine? B: At a French restaurant. A: Uh, are you a chef? A waitress? B: No, actually, I'm a singer. I sing with a band there at night.

KATHLEENA: What do you do, Kathleen? B: I work for Transnational Airlines. A: Oh, are you a flight attendant? B: No, I'm a pilot. A: Now that's a stressful job. B: I really like the work.

You probably think that the hamburger is a typical American food. Americans often have a hamburger for a quick lunch or snack. But do you know that the favorite American "fast food" actually comes from many different countries? Probablemente creas que la hamburguesa es una comida tpica norteamericana. A menudo, los estadounidenses comen una hamburguesa como almuerzo o refuerzo rpido. Pero, sabes que la "comida rpida" favorita de los norteamericanos realmente proviene de Page 35

Commercial English Lessonsmuchos pases diferentes? The hamburger is made of beef, not ham. The idea of chopping meat into very small pieces comes from Turkey. The name hamburger comes from the town of Hamburg in Germany. La hamburguesa est hecha de carne de vaca, no jamn. La idea de picar la carne en pequeos trozos proviene de Turqua. El nombre hamburguesa proviene de la ciudad de Hamburgo en Alemania. The pickle, or pickled cucumber, comes from Eastern Europe. It is popular in Poland and Russia. El pickle, o pepino conservado, proviene de Europa del Este. Es muy conocido en Polonia y Rusia. The word ketchup comes from China. "Ke-tsiap" is the Chinese name for a sauce made of pickled fish and spices. The first recipe for tomato ketchup is in a 1792 American cookbook. La palabra ketchup proviene de China. "Ke-tsiap" es el nombre chino de una salsa hecha con pescado en conserva y especias. La primera receta de ketchup de tomate se encuentra en un libro de cocina norteamericano de 1792. Mayonnaise, sometimes called "mayo", is a yellow-white sauce made of eggs, oil, and lemon juice. It comes from the Spanish island of Minorca, but its name is French. Mayonnaise is also used as a dressing for salads. La mayonesa, a veces llamada "mayo", es una salsa amarilloblancuzca hecha de huevos, aceite y jugo de limn. Proviene de la isla espaola de Menorca pero su nombre es francs. La mayonesa tambin se utiliza como aderezo de ensaladas. The bun is a kind of bread. It comes from an English recipe, and the sesame seeds on top come from the Middle East. So, the "American" hamburger is a truly international meal. El bollo es una especie de pan. Proviene de una receta inglesa, y las semillas de ssamo que lleva encima vienen de Medio Oriente. Por lo tanto, la hamburguesa "norteamericana" es una autntica comida internacional. Can you swim? Prove it! I can swim. Can you swim very well? Puedo nadar. Puedes nadar muy bien?

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Commercial English LessonsYes, I can. You can swim. Can I swim very well? Yes, you can. She can swim. Can she swim very well? Yes, she can. Can he swim very well? Can we swim very well? Can they swim very well? S, puedo. Puedes nadar. Puedo nadar muy bien? S, puedes. (Ella) Puede nadar. Puede (ella) nadar muy bien? S, (ella) puede. Puede (l) nadar muy bien? Podemos nadar muy bien? Pueden (ellos/as) nadar muy bien? nadar

No, he can't. He can't swim. No, (l) no puede. (El) no puede nadar. No, we can't. We can't swim. No, no podemos. No podemos nadar. No, they can't. They can't swim. (ellos/as) no pueden. (Ellos/as) no pueden No,

Parts of the body Point to your ... Seala tu/s ...

head cabeza

eyes ojos

nose nariz

ear odo

mouth boca

teeth dientes

neck cuello

stomach estmago

back espalda

shoulders hombros

arm brazo

hand mano

leg pierna

feet pies

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Lesson How much does it cost? / How much do they cost? - How much is it? / How much are they? Where can you buy these things? Dnde puedes comprar estas cosas?

You can buy books at a bookstore

You can buy a fish dinner at a restaurant

You can buy carrots at a supermarket

You can buy stamps at a post office

You can buy a television at a department store

You can buy gasoline at a gas station

You can buy aspirin at a drugstore

You can buy a magazine at a newsstand

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Commercial English LessonsWhere is the Departmen Store?

The department store is on Grant Street. It's between Second and Third Streets. It's across from the Grand Hotel. There's a newsstand in front of the hotel. There's a gas station behind the hotel. The gas station is on the corner of Washington and Second. The gas station is next to a parking lot. The parking lot is near the City Bank.

El centro comercial es sobre la calle Grant.

Est entre las calles Segunda y Tercera.

Est enfrente del Hotel Grand. Hay un puesto de diarios frente al hotel.

Hay una gasolinera detrs del hotel.

La gasolinera es en la esquina de Washington y Segunda. La gasolinera est al lado de un estacionamiento. El estacionamiento est cerca del Banco City

Me puede ayudar, por favor? Charles: Can you help me, please? Is there a public restroom near here? Woman: I'm sorry, but I don't think so. Charles: Oh, no!! My son needs a bathroom. Woman: Well, there's a department store on Page 39 Me puede ayudar, por favor? Hay un bao pblico cerca de aqu? Lo siento, pero me parece que no. Caramba!! Mi hijo necesita un bao. Bueno, hay un centro comercial sobre la calle

Commercial English LessonsGrant Street. There are restrooms in the basement. Charles: Where on Grant Street? Grant. Hay baos en el subsuelo. En qu parte de la calle Grant? Entre las calles Segunda y Tercera. La tienda est enfrente del hotel. Muchas gracias. De nada.

Woman: Between Second and Third Streets. The store is across from the hotel. Charles: Woman: Thank you very much. You're welcome.

1. public restroom (bao pblico). En ingls americano se utiliza washroom o restroom para referirse a los baos ubicados en edificios pblicos. Los baos de una casa particular se denominan lavatory, toilet o bathroom.

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The best Department Store Harrods is one of the best and possibly the most well known department store in the world. It started as a family grocery store in 1849 with only two people working there. Now Harrods employs over 3000 staff. The stores motto is omnia omnibus ubique - everything for everyone everywhere. It is one of the best places in London to go window shopping and to look at the luxury goods on sale (but dont look at the price tag!). The Harrods food hall is full of all kinds of gourmet food, which is presented in a fantastically creative and appetising way. There are up to 110 types of fish and over 150 types of bread. In the cheese section you can find about 350 varieties of cheese from 15 different countries. If you feel hungry, there are 22 restaurants to choose from, and if you need something to wear, go to one of the 7 floors of expensive and fashionable designer clothes. Theres also a beauty salon, a pet shop, a furniture department, cosmetics, fine jewellery and lots of wonderful toys. Everything you would expect to find in a department store is here, and more! Harrods is owned by Egyptian Mohammed Al Fayed, whose son Dodi was killed in a car accident in August 1997 together with Princess Diana. In the basement there is a tribute to Dodi and Diana. It is the only place in Harrods where you are allowed to take photos. Harrods is a shopping experience, and definitely recommended if you are a tourist in London. However, you will probably be able to find things cheaper in other shops, unless of course you want one of Harrods famous green plastic bags!

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Commercial English LessonsLa libra como unidad de peso equivale a 0,454 kilogramos. En cuanto a la ropa, por ejemplo una talla 42 en blusas o suters equivale en USA a una 36. En zapatos, una talla 42 equivaldra a la 10 en USA y a la 8.5 en UK. Un vestido de talla 40 sera en USA una talla 10 y una 12 en UK Algunas de las secciones habituales en unos grandes almacenes incluyen el trmino 'department' pero no siempre es as, y muchas de las secciones solamente se indican con el plural de los objetos que en ellas se venden: Hosiery Department Seccin de Artculos de Punto Books Libros Toys Juguetes Household Goods Artculos de cuero Sports Goods Artculos deportivos Ropa de hombre ('menswear'). Excuse me, what floor is the menswear on? Perdone, en qu planta est la seccin de ropa de caballero? En cambio, las secciones de ropa de mujer y para nio reciben el nombre de 'ladieswear' y 'childrenswear' respectivamente. El acceso a cada planta se realiza a travs de ascensores ('lifts' o 'elevators' en USA) y de escaleras mecnicas ('escalators'). Ticket de compra ('receipt'). U.S.A. $ cents " " one dollar a dollar fifty a dollar eighty seven dollars fifty .25 .50 .75 1 1.50 1.80 7.50 England pence (p) " " one pound one pound fifty one pound eighty seven pounds fifty 100 cents (centavos) = one dollar (dlar) 100 pence (peniques) = one pound (libra) Bucks (argot de dollar) Quid (argot de pound) penny=penique / pence=peniques

thirty dollars (bucks)

30

Observa que para expresar los decimales los ingleses thirty pounds (quid) utilizan el punto (.) como separador a diferencia del espaol en que se utiliza el carcter coma (,)

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Commercial English LessonsEscribe los precios en los espacios

How much is a pizza? How much is a cheeseburger?

How much are chips?

How much is a coke? How much is an orange juice and a salad? How much is a ham sandwich and a coffee?

To pay, to buy,to earn, to complain... 'to go shopping' o 'to do some shopping'. 'shopping centre' (UK) o 'shopping mall' (USA) Un Centro comercia La tienda ('shop') se conoce en USA tambin como 'store'. Los dependientes son 'sales assistants' o 'shop assistants' y se diferencian segn el sexo y la edad: 'salesgirl' si se trata de una empleada joven y 'saleslady' si es una empleada adulta. Los empleados masculinos siempre se conocen como 'salesman'. En el hipermercado o el supermercado, el puesto de la caja se llama 'checkout' (y no 'cashier' que se emplea nicamente en el caso de pequeas tiendas). El carrito de la compra (que se arrastra sobre ruedas) se llama 'shopping trolley' o 'shopping cart' (USA) mientras que la cesta de compra que se transporta en la mano se llama 'shopping basket'. El expositor de cristal tras el que se muestran los productos 'display counter' y cada estante en que se ofrecen se denomina 'shelf'. Una botella de vino a Bottle of wine Una lata de cerveza a Can of beer Un cartn (brik) de leche a Carton of milk Un tarro de miel a Jar of honey

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Commercial English LessonsUn paquete de t a Packet of tea Un tubo de pasta dentrfica a Tube of toothpaste Payment Pago Pay day Da de paga Payee Beneficiario (de un cheque o efecto bancario) Payer Pagador (el contribuyente se denomina 'taxpayer') Paymaster Tesorero Payroll Nmina (el sobre de la paga se denomina 'paypacket' o 'paycheck' en USA) Pay-off Pago, soborno, recompensa Pay rise Subida de sueldo Payload Carga til Informtics ingls computer computer programmer computing database disk document file floppy disk hard disk keyboard portable computer memory printer printout program screen spreadsheet word processor espaol ordenador programador/a informtica base de datos disco documento archivo, fichero disquete disco duro teclado ordenador porttil memoria impresora listado programa pantalla hoja de clculo procesador de textos

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Commercial English LessonsThe office Where you store things Perhaps you have a tall metal cupboard in your office with three or four drawers to put files and correspondence. This is a filing cabinet. Other people have drawers in their desk or portable drawers (drawers on wheels) in their offices, In your filing cabinets you usually have hanging files, where you can put loose correspondence. If you want to put correspondence together, you can use folders or plastic wallets. You can also put papers in a folder and put the folder on a bookshelf. You can also store small things on your desk. For example, perhaps you put pens in a pen holder or in a container. You might even have a desk tidy with different components for pens, rubber bands, erasers and so on. How you attach things To stick things together, you can use one-sided sticky tape, known in England as 'sellotape' but not as 'Scotch', which is a type of whisky! You can use a stronger type of sellotape for cardboard boxes and this is called masking tape. Or you could use glue - a sticky liquid that comes out of a bottle to stick things together. You can attach paper with a paperclip, which is made of metal or plastic. A paperclip is the icon you can see in your email program when you want to send an attachment.. If you want to attach paper more permanently, you can use a stapler (which contains staples) to staple the pieces together. A staple is a small, sharp metal bar which has two ends that curl through the bottom sheet of paper to hold all the pieces together.

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Commercial English LessonsWoman's clothing (Ropa de mujer) Vestidos y trajes Dresses and suits United States 6 8 10 12 Europe 36 38 40 42 Blusas y jerseys Blouses and jerseys United States 32 Europe 40 Calzado Footwear 34 42 36 44 14 44 16 46 38 46 18 48 20 50 40 48

United States 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Europe 34-35 35-36 36-37 38-39 40-41 41-42 42-43 Man's clothing (Ropa de hombre) Abrigos, trajes y jerseys Overcoats, suits and jerseys United States 36 38 40 42 44 46 Europe 46 48 50 52 54 56 Camisas y polos (cuello) Shirts and polo-shirts (collar) United States 14 14 1/2 37 8 41 15 38 15 1/2 39 15 3/4 40 10 44 16 41 10 1/2 45 16 1/2 42 11 46

Europe 36 Calzado Footwear United States Europe 7 1/2 40

8 1/2 9 1/2 42 43

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Commercial English LessonsFabrics acetato algodn batista brocato cachemir corderoy cuero de punto encaje fantasa fibra acrlica franela gamuza, ante gasa hilo, lino lana loneta nylon organd organza polister rayn seda estampada seda natural (artificial) tela bordada tela de jean terciopelo acetate cotton batiste brocate cashmere corduroy leather knitted, jersey lace fancy acrilic fiber flannel suede gauze linen wool jean, canvas nylon organdine organza polyester rayon printed silk natural (artificial) silk embroidered material denim velvet ceteit ktn batst brkeit kshm:r kr-duri lder ntit, yrsi lis fnci akrlic fiber flnel sud gus linen u:l yn, knvas nilen organdin orgnsa polster rion prntit slk nchural (artifshl) slk embridert matrial dnim vlvet

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ROBERT SHAW Restaurant cook "I get up at 5:00 a.m., get dressed, and drive to work. The restaurant opens at 6:00 a.m. . We serve breakfast until eleven and lunch until three. Then I go home. I go to bed at around nine, and hope that the telephone doesn't ring. Luckily, I don't work on Saturdays or Sundays, I only work on weekends."

ANDREA MENDEZ Flight attendant "Sometimes I go to work at 5:00 a.m., and sometimes I go at 5:00 p.m. Sometimes I leave the house on Monday and don't come home until Wednesday. I often work on weekends. My job is interesting, but my schedule is not regular. And I don't see my husband enough."

BOBBY JEFFREY Rock musician "I go to work at ten o'clock in the evening, and I play until 3:00 a.m. I take a break at midnight. After work I have dinner at an allnight restaurant. Then I take a taxi home. I go to bed at five in the morning and sleep until two in the afternoon. I only work three nights a week Friday, Saturday and

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Is it far from here? Tourist: Excuse me, ma'am. How do I get to St. Patrick's Cathedral? Woman: Walk up Fifth Avenue to 50th Street. St. Patrick's on the right. Tourist: Is it near Rockefeller Center? Woman: It's right across from Rockefeller Center. Tourist: Thanks. And what about the Empire State Building? Is far from here? It's right behind you. Just turn around and look up!! Disculpe, seora. Cmo puedo llegar a la Catedral de San Patricio? Suba por la Quinta Avenida hasta la calle 50. San Patricio est a la derecha. Est cerca del Centro Rockefeller? Est exactamente enfrente del Centro Rockefeller. Gracias. Y dnde se encuentra el edificio Empire State? Est lejos de aqu?

Woman:

Est exactamente detrs suyo. Dse vuelta y levante la vista!

2How do I get to...? = How can I go to...? (Cmo puedo llegar hasta...?). 3. on the right (a la derecha) =/= on the left (a la izquierda). 4. right across from... = exactly opposite to... (justo enfrente de). 5. across from = opposite to (enfrente). 6. What about...? = What do you think about...? (Qu te parece...?). 7. It's right behind you = It's exactly behind you (Est justamente detrs tuyo). 8. turn around (darse vuelta; girar sobre los pies). 9. look up (levantar la vista; mirar hacia arriba).

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Commercial English LessonsTelephoning in English Imagine you speak on the phone to other student and ask the following questions. The other student is a manager of a company. 1. Name of company:

2. Telephone Number:

3. Fax Number:

4. E-mail address:

5. Manager:

6. Address:

7. Opening hours:

8. Car Park?:

9. Number of employees:

10.

Business Type:

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Commercial English LessonsTracy: Michael : Tracy: Hello? Hi, Tracy. This is Michael. Is Jennifer there? I'm sorry, Michael, she's at her parents' house She's having dinner with them. Do you want to leave her a message? Oh, I'm not sure. It's a little complicated. I have an idea. I'm going out now. So call again and leave her a message on the machine. Hola? Hola, Tracy. Soy Michael. Se encuentra Jennifer? Lo siento, Michael, est en la casa de sus padres. Va a cenar con ellos. Quieres dejarle un mensaje? Ah, no estoy seguro. Es algo complicado. Tengo una idea. Voy a salir ahora. As que vuelvea llamar y djale un mensaje en la mquina. Es una buena idea. Y no te preocupes. No lo voy a escuchar. Gracias, Tracy. Eres una verdadera amiga.

Michael : Tracy:

Michael That's a good idea. : Tracy: And don't worry, I'm not going to listen to it.

Michael Thanks, Tracy. You're : areal pal.

Do you want to go to the movies? Quieres ir al cine? I want to go to the movies. I don't want to stay home. Do you have to stay home? I need to study. Do you like to go to parties? Quiero ir al cine. No quiero quedarme en casa. Tienes que quedarte en casa? Necesito estudiar. Te gusta ir a las fiestas?

I have to stay home on Thursday. Tengo que quedarme en casa el jueves.

Of course, I like to go to parties !!supuesto, Me gusta ir a las fiestas!! Por What are you going to do after graduation? Qu piensas hacer despus de graduarte?

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Commercial English LessonsI'm going to get a job right away. I plan to get my own apartment. I want to live with my parents. I don't want to live with my parents. I hope to get a new car. I'd like to travel this summer. I'd love to move to a new city. Voy a buscar trabajo de inmediato. Pienso conseguir departamento propio. Quiero vivir con mis padres. No quiero vivir con mis padres. Espero conseguir un auto nuevo. Me gustara viajar este verano. Me encantara mudarme a una ciudad nueva. I'm not going to get a job right away. No voy a buscar trabajo de inmediato. I don't plan to get my own apartment. No pienso conseguir departamento propio.

I always have breakfast. Siempre tomo el desayuno. I usually have breakfast. Usualmente (generalmente) tomo el desayuno. I often have breakfast. A menudo (Frecuentemente) tomo el desayuno. I sometimes have breakfast. Algunas veces tomo el desayuno. I seldom have breakfast. Raras veces tomo el desayuno. I never have breakfast. Do you ever have tea? I don't usually have tea. I don't often have tea. I don't ever have tea. Nunca tomo el desayuno. Tomas el t alguna vez? Generalmente no tomo el t. No tomo el t a menudo (frecuentemente No tomo nunca el t. Do you usually have tea? Tomas el t usualmente (generalmente)?

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Sarah:

Let's have breakfast together on Sunday.

Desayunemos juntas el domingo. De acuerdo. Pero, Por qu no vienes a mi casa? Los domingos mi familia toma un desayuno a la Japonesa. No me digas? Qu comen? Generalmente comemos pescado, arroz y sopa. Pescado? Vaya qu interesante. A veces comemos ensalada tambin. Y siempre tomamos t verde. Bueno, no suelo comer pescado en el desayuno pero me encanta probar cosas nuevas

Kumiko: OK. But why don't you come to my house? On Sundays my family has a Japanese-style breakfast. Sarah: Really? What do you have?

Kumiko: We usually have fish, rice, and soup. Sarah: Fish? Now that's interesting.

Kumiko: We sometimes have salad, too. And we always have green tea. Sarah: Well, I don't often eat fish for breakfast, but I love to try new things.

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TONY As a directory assistance operator, I give out hundreds of telephone numbers every day. I sort of like talking to people all day. I earn around $20,000 a year. But I don't feel very secure - a lot of operators are losing their jobs because of automation. Computers do everything these days. So I'm studying to be a computer programmer at night school.

MARIO My clients are all business travelers. I make plane, hotel, and car reservations for them. My annual salary isn't very high only $24,000 but I like my job. It's pretty secure because travel is a growing field. Also, I often travel in order to learn about cities, hotels, airlines, and tours. And when I do, everything is free - the plane tickets, the hotel rooms, etc.

GINA In my job, I mainly work with athletes who have sports injuries. Sometimes the athletes are famous, and that's always exciting. My salary is good - $38,000 a year - and I always have a lot of patients. Doctors are too busy to do physical therapy these days, and they're happy to give the work to specialists like us.

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1 Th ere is a su per ma rke t ne ar her e. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 What can I get there? You can get there nearly everything? Women's clothes is on the second floor. I prefer the blue blouse to the yellow blouse. I've haven't seen such a big supermarket before. How much are the tomatoes? I'm coming back in the next days. I like shopping with a friend.

10 How can I get to the nearest station/bus stop from here?

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Commercial English LessonsSimple Past Affirmative I went You went He went She went It went We went You went They went Affirmative Negative I didn't go You didn't go He didn't go She didn't go It didn't go We didn't go You didn't go They didn't go Interrogative Did I go ? Did you go ? Did he go ? Did she go ? Did it go ? Did we go ? Did you go ? Did they go ? subject + 2

I went to New York - Fui a New York He went to New York - El fue a New York Negative subject + didn't +1

I didn't go to New York - No fui a New York He didn't go to New York - El no fue a New York Interrogative Did + subject + 1 ?

Did I go to New York? - Fui a New York ? Did he go to New York? - Fue l a New York?

I studied on Saturday. I didn't study on Sunday. You studied on Saturday. You didn't study on Sunday. She worked on Saturday.

Estudi el sbado. No estudi el domingo. Estudiaste el sbado. No estudiaste el domingo. Trabaj el sbado. Page 56

Commercial English LessonsShe didn't work on Sunday. He exercised on Saturday. He didn't exercise on Sunday. We exercised on Saturday. We didn't exercise on Sunday. They exercised on Saturday. They didn't exercise on Sunday. No trabaj el domingo. Hizo ejercicio el sbado. No hizo ejercicio el domingo. Hicimos ejercicio el sbado. No hicimos ejercicio el domingo. Hicieron ejercicio el sbado. No hicieron ejercicio el domi

/t/watched hiked fixed missed walked asked washed

/d/played cleaned opened listened loved

/ id /invited visited started attended skated hated

Did you see any movies this weekend? Yes, I did. I saw Code 46. Did you go home after the movie? No, I didn't. I went to a dance club.

Viste alguna pelcula este fin de semana? S. Vi Cdigo 46 Fuiste a casa despus del cine? No. Fui a un club bailable.

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VERBOS IRREGULARES Son aquellos que varan parcial o totalmente la forma infinitiva al transformarse en pasado (ver columna 2 del Cuadro Verbal). VERBOS REGULARES Son aquellos que agregan -d o -ed a la forma infinitiva al transformarse en pasado (ver columna 2 del Cuadro Verbal, terminaciones en color rojo). Observa que si el infinitivo regular termina en -y precedida por consonante, cambia la y por i y agrega ed. Al final del Dossier tienes una lista que te ayudar a memorizarlos!

Prepositions: At, On, by , in La hora viene siempre precedida de at: at two (a las dos); at midnight (a medianoche); at noon (al medioda). 2. El da de la semana (con fecha o sin ella) es precedido por on: on Monday (el lunes); on April 1st (el primero de abril); on your birthday (el da de tu cumpleaos); on Christmas Day (el da de Navidad). 3. Los meses, las estaciones, aos y siglos son precedidos de in: in June (en junio); in summer (en el verano); in 1950 (en 1950); in the year 1950 (en el ao 1950); in the nineteenth century (en el siglo diecinueve). 4. Observa el significado de las formas plurales: on Mondays (los lunes, todos los lunes); on Monday evenings (los lunes por la noche, todos los lunes por la noche); on winter evenings (en las noches de invierno). 5. Observa ahora la diferencia entre: on Christmas (Day) (el da de Navidad) y at Christmas (time) (para Navidad, el perodo navideo). 6. Finalmente observa estos usos: by day (de da); by night (de noche); during the day (durante el da); during the night (durante la noche). 7. No viene mal recordarte: in the morning (por la maana); in the afternoon (por la tarde); in the evening (por la noche); at night (de noche). 8. PARA TENER EN CUENTA: Cuando se encuentran juntos varios complementos de tiempo, el ms especfico precede al menos especfico: Helen visited me at midnight December 21st, 2000.

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Rossina: So, did you go out with Entonces, Saliste con Richard? Richard? Anala: Yeah. We went to a movie last Saturday. We saw Police Partners II. Richard did, but I didn't. Of course, I told him I liked it. Yeah. So did you do anything else? Well, we went to a dance club. Did you have fun there? As es. Fuimos a un cine el sbado pasado. Vimos Socios y Policas II. Les gust? A Richard s, pero a m no. Por supuesto, le dije que me gust. Aj. Hicieron alguna otra cosa? Bien, fuimos a un boliche bailable. Se divirtieron all?

Rossina: Did you like it? Anala:

Rossina: Anala: Rossina: Anala:

Yeah, we had a great S, la pasamos fantstico. time. And we're going Y vamos a ir nuevamente to go there again next la semana prxima!! week !!

1215 1769 1812

twelve fifteen seventeen sixty-nine eighteen twelve

1906 1917 1949

nineteen oh six nineteen seventeen nineteen forty-nine

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Write the sentence in Simple Past Tense 1. They go to the beach 2. I drink milk for breakfast 3. Peter and Joe write a postcard 4. She doesn't live in Mexico 5. They don't read sport magazines 6. The President comes from Japan . 7. She plays basketball . 8. I sleep over my friend's house . 9. We don't eat vegetables .Example: Carol usually gets up at 7:30. Yesterday she got up at 7:30. 1. Carol usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning . 2. Carol usually walks to work. Yesterday . 3. Carol is usually late for work. Yesterday . 4. Carol usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday . 5. Carol usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening . 6. Carol usually sleeps very well. Last night, .

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Commercial English LessonsFuture Tense: Waht will you do? Affirmative I will go You will go He will go She will go It will go We will go You will go They will go Affirmative Negative I won't go You won't go He won't go She won't go It won't go We won't go You won't go They won't go Interrogative Will I go ? Will you go ? Will he go ? Will she go ? Will it go ? Will we go ? Will you go ? Will they go ? subject + will + 1

I will go to New York - Ir a New York He will go to New York - El ir a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) + 1 I won't go to New York - No ir a New York He won't go to New York - El no ir a New York Interrogative Will + subject + 1 ? Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York ? Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York ?Example: I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'll take a taxi. 1. I'm a little hungry. I think ----------------------------------------------------------------------- something to eat. 2. It's too late to call Tom now. -----------------------------------------------------------------------him in the morning. 3. "It's a bit cold in this room". "Is it? ----------------------------------------------------------------------- on the heat then." 4. "We don't have any milk." "Oh, we don't? some." 5. "Did you write that letter to Jack?". "Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- it tonight." 6. "Would you like tea or coffee?" " ----------------------------------------------------------------------- coffee, please." ----------------------------------------------------------------------- and get

1. You feel tired. You decide to go to bed. I.

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Commercial English Lessons2. A friend of yours offers you a ride home, but you decide to walk. Thank you, but. 3. You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don't want to play. 4. You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don't want to go.

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Commercial English LessonsAffirmative I have gone You have gone He has gone She has gone It has gone We have gone You have gone They have gone Negative I haven't gone You haven't gone He hasn't gone She hasn't gone It hasn't gone We haven't gone You haven't gone They haven't gone Interrogative Have I gone? Have you gone? Has he gone? Has she gone? Has it gone? Have we gone? Have you gone? Have they gone?

Affirmative

subject + have / has + 3

I have gone to New York - He ido a New York He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York Negative subject + haven't / hasn't + 3 I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York Interrogative Have / Has + subject + 3 ? Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ? Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?

Simple Present Perfect 3 Presente Perfecto Simple 3PRESENT PERFECT ALREADY / YET

Escucha al profesor leyendo oraciones con el PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE. Reptelo luego simultneamente.

The Present Perfect is formed with the verb HAVE + the PAST PARTICIPLE of a verb. El Presente Perfecto se forma con el verbo HAVE + el PARTICIPIO PASADO de otro verbo

Have you been to a jazz club? Yes, I've already been to several. Have they seen the play? No, they haven't seen it yet. Yes, she's gone twice this week.

Has ido a un club de jazz? S, ya he ido a varios. Han visto la obra de teatro? No, no la han visto an. S, (ella) ha ido dos veces esta semana.

Has she gone on a riverboat tour? Ha ido (ella) a un paseo en barco?

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Commercial English LessonsHas he called his parents lately? No, he hasn't called them. REGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES call called hike hiked jog jogged try tried Ha llamado (l) a sus padres ltimamente? No, (l) no los ha llamado. IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES be been have had do done make made eat eaten see seen go gone

CONTRACTIONS I have = I've have not = haven't she has = she's has not = hasn't Have you ever seen a magic show? Yes, I have. I saw a magic show last year. No, I haven't. Has visto alguna vez un show de magia? S, (he visto). V un show de magia el ao pasado. No, (no he visto).

But my sister saw David Copperfield. Pero mi hermana vio a David Copperfield. Have you ever been to Las Vegas? Yes, I have. I went there in September. No, I haven't. I've never been there. Has estado alguna vez en Las Vegas? S, (he estado). Fui all en setiembre. No, (no he estado). No, no he estado nunca all. MODAL VERBS CAN AND SHOULD Can you tell me about Mexico? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. What can you do there? You can see the Palace of Fine Arts. Me puedes comentar acerca de Mxico? S, (puedo). / No, (no puedo). Qu puedes (se puede) hacer all? Puedes ver el Palacio de Bellas Artes.

Should I go to the Palace of Fine Arts? Debera (me aconsejas) ir al Palacio de Bellas Artes? Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't. S, deberas ir. / No, no te aconsejo ir. What should I see there? Qu debera ver all? You should visit the National Museum. Deberas (Te aconsejo) visitar el Museo Nacional. You shouldn't miss the Pyramid of the No deberas perderte la Pirmide del Sol. Sun.

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Commercial English LessonsWould you like to come? Te gustara venir? Tom: Say, Anna, what are you doing tonight? Would you like to go out? Eh, Anna. Qu haces esta noche? Te gustara salir?

Anna: Oh, sorry, I can't. Ah, lo siento, no puedo. I'm going to work Voy a trabajar hasta tarde late tonight. I have to esta noche. Tengo que finish this report. terminar este informe. Tom: Well, how about tomorrow night? Are you doing anything then? Bueno, Qu te parece maana a la noche? Vas a hacer algo?

Anna: No, I'm not. What are No. Qu piensas hacer? you planning to do? Tom: I'm going to see a musical. Would you like to come? Sure, I'd love to !!! But let me pay for the tickets this time. It's my turn. All right!! Thanks !! Voy a ver una comedia musical. Te gustara venir? Seguro, me encantara!! Pero djame pagar las entradas a m esta vez. Me corresponde a m. De acuerdo!! Gracias!!

Anna:

Tom:

Would you like anything to drink?

Waiter: May I take your order? Puedo tomar su pedido? Julia: Yes. I'd like a hamburger and a large order of french fries, please. S. Quisiera una hamburguesa y una porcin grande de papas fritas, por favor. Muy bien. Y le gustara una ensalada? S. Voy a comer una ensalada verde mixta. De acuerdo. Qu tipo de condimento le gusta? Tenemos vinagreta, Italiana

Waiter: All right. And would you like a salad? Julia: Waiter: Yes. I'll have a mixed green salad. OK. What kind of dressing would you like? We have Page 65

Commercial English Lessonsvinaigrette, Italian, and French. Julia: Waiter: Julia: Italian, please. And would you like anything to drink? Yes, I'd like a large soda, please. y Francesa. Italiana, por favor. Y quiere algo para beber? S, quisiera una gaseosa grande, por favor.

Steps to Telephoning My name is ______. This is _______ (here). Si preguntamos por alguin... Can I speak to _____, please? Can you put me through to _______, please? Can I have extension 123, please? I'd like to speak to ________ , please. Explicamos el motivo de la llamada... I'm calling to ask about... I'm phoning to tell you about... Si queremos dejar un mensaje... Could you give ____ a message? Could you ask ___ to call me when he gets back? Agradecemos la atencin... Thanks you very much for your help. Thanks for the information. Cierre de la llamada... Good bye. Bye.

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Commercial English LessonsTutorial para Secretarias y Asistentes nuestra empresa, OM Personal usted, la persona que llama (el cliente) our firm (company), OM Personal u:r frm (kmpani), u-m prsonal

you, the caller i, de kler (de (the customer, the client) kstomer, de klient) mi bos, Mster M:r m, Dan (skretri or prsonal asstant) cl(iular) fun, mobl operitor tu dial sp:d dialing rea kud dialing tun pikp e lin (en autsid lin) extnshn nmber trnsfer en nkming kl

mi jefe, el Sr. Moore my boss, Mr Moore yo, Dan (asistente o me, Dan (secretary or secretaria) personal assistant) celular discar discado rpido cdigo de rea, caracterstica, tono de discado tomar lnea (externa) nmero de interno pasar una llamada entrante cell(ular) phone, mobile to dial speed dialling area code dialling tone pick up a line (an outside line) extension number transfer an incoming call operador, operadora operator

Cmo obtengo lnea? How can I pick up a line? Disque 0 o 9 para tono de discado Dial 0 or 9 for dialling tone (an (lnea externa). outside line) Buenas tardes, bienvenido a OM Personal, habla Dan, En qu puedo ayudarle? Puede decirme quin habla? Sra. Denis, no corte que le comunico con el Sr. Moore. Good afternoon, welcome to OM Personal, this is Dan speaking. May I help you? Can I ask who's calling? Yes, Mrs Denis, if you could hold the line one moment, I'll put you through to Mr Moore.

Sra. Denis, ver si el Sr. Moore se Yes, Mrs Denis, I'll just check encuentra y puede atender su and see llamada if Mr Moore is available to take ya mismo. your call right now. Sr. Moore, la Sra. Denis se Mr Moore, Mrs Denis is on line 1, Page 67

Commercial English Lessonsencuentra en lnea 1 por un video multimedia para su empresa. Tiene algunas consultas para hacerle. Puede hablar con ella? Gracias. Sra. Denis, lamentablemente el Sr. Moore ha salido de la oficina por media hora. Si me deja su nmero de telfono, la comunicaremos con el Sr. Moore apenas regrese. Sra. Denis, podra decirme por qu asunto llama? regarding a multimedia course for her company. She has a few queries about it. Would you be able to speak with her? Thanks. Mrs Denis, I'm sorry but Mr Moore is out of the office for half an hour. If you'd like to leave your number, I'll have Mr Moore call you as soon as he returns to the office. Mrs Denis, could I ask what the matter was regarding? Mrs Denis, may I tell Mr Moore what it is in relation to? Can I take a message, Mrs Denis? Would you like to leave a message, Mrs Denis? Could you get (ask) Mr. Moore to call me? Could you tell him I called? Could you tell Mr Moore (that) Mrs Denis called him? Thanks for calling Mrs Denis, Goodbye. Hello, it's Dan from OM Personal calling on behalf of Mr Moore. Would Mrs Denis be available to speak with him? Hello, it's Dan from OM Personal calling on behalf of Mr Moore. Could I leave a message for Mrs Denis to call Mr Moore when it's convenient. His phone number is 4759 3636. Thank you. Bye.

Quiere dejar un mensaje, Sra. Denis?

Puede pedirle al Sr. Moore que se comunique conmigo? Podra decirle que lo llam? Podra decirle al Sr. Moore que lo llam la Sra. Denis? Gracias por su llamada, Sra. Denis. Adios. Hola, habla Dan de OM Personal de parte del Sr. Moore. Se encuentra la Sra. Denis para hablar con l? Hola, habla Dan de OM Personal de parte del Sr. Moore. Podra comunicarle a la Sra. Denis que llame al Sr. Moore cuando le sea posible? Su telfono es 4759 3636. Gracias. Adios.

Lo siento, Sra. Denis. El Sr. Moore I'm sorry, Mrs Denis. Mr Moore se encuentra en una reunin is in a meeting until 4:30 this hasta las 4 y media de la tarde. afternoon. I'll have him return La comunicaremos con l apenas Page 68

Commercial English Lessonsse desocupe. Lo siento, Sra. Denis. El Sr. Moore no se encuentra en la ciudad hasta el jueves de la semana prxima. Puede esperar hasta que regrese? Si es urgente, le enviar un mensaje. Disc Barcelo S.A. Paris, 567 05862 Barcelona Spain 18th April 2005 your call as soon as he's free. I'm sorry, Mrs Denis, Mr Moore is out of town until Thursday next week. Can the matter wait until his return, or if not, I could get a message to him if it's urgent?

Sales Department Limpoz Ltd. 9 Berstgood Street London L923 Dear Sirs, We are a large record store in the centre of Barcelona, and we would like to know more about the tapes that you advertised in this month's edition of "Hi Fi" magazine. Could you send us some information about your products? We would like to know if the tapes are a leading brand name or they are made by small independent companies, and if they would be suitable for recording classical music or only for dictations of messages. In addition, we would be grateful if you could send us some samples. If they have the quality we require, we will place a substancial order. Also, we would like to know if you offer any kind of trade discount. Thank you in advance Your faithfully, Sing XXXXXX Oscar Guzman Head of Purchasing

Traduccin

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Commercial English LessonsSomos unos grandes almacenes de discos en el centro de Barcelona y nos gustara saber ms sobre las cintas que anunciaron en su edicin de este mes de la revista "Hi Fi". Podran enviarnos informacin sobre sus productos? Nos gustara saber si las cintas son de una marca lder o si son fabricadas por empresas pequeas independientes y si seran adecuadas para grabar msica clsica o nicamente para dictados y mensajes. Tambin estaramos agradecidos si nos pudieran enviar algunas muestras. Si tienen la calidad que necesitamos haremos un gran pedido. Adems quisiramos saber si ofrecen algn tipo de descuento. Agradecindoles por anticipado, Atentamente Firma Jefe de compras The sales girl sold me this mascara, two shades of blush and a jar of Fango masque on this date. Complaints and apologies

The problem developed shortly after applying this mascara for the first time. Within one hour, my eyelids became puffy and red and began to itch. After two hours, my entire eye area was swollen and remained so for two days. No other cosmetic product had been applied to my eye area, and I feel sure that this mascara caused an allergic reaction for my skin. I have used various brands of mascara including Estee Lauder, Channel and Maybeline and have never experienced this sort of reaction before...

Imagine you are in charge of the beuty deparment. How would you apologize? Im very sorry, I will return your money back I apologize, we are very sorry about this, please accept this new product sets in return.

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Commercial English LessonsPsychology in businessNowadays it is often not enough to be an expert in your own field of business. It helps to apply a little psychology to your business dealings. Look at this picture. Different people give different answers to the questions on the What do you see? left. Some people say the glass is half-empty, others say it is halffull. Some people says there are two small squares and a larger one, others say there are three squares. In the final picture, some people see an old woman, others see a young one. What does this prove? It confirms that we all have different perceptions. Our perceptions affect our expectations and attitudes in life in general and in our business dealings. The answers to the "squares" picture shows us that some people focus on similarities, whereas others focus on differences. Our attitudes and our perceptions of other people affect our relationships with them.

Dealing with clients "Customers don't care what you know until they know that you care." "Be quick to listen and slow to speak." "Seek first to understand, then to be understood." How to Turn Consumer Complaints into Gold 1. If a business make quality products, should they need to answer complaints? Yes, because it is part of satisfying the customer They shouldn't, if they are invalid complaints Only when it is covered in a warrantee 2. What can happen if a company ignores complaints? The word starts to get around They save money and time

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Commercial English LessonsThey can show they don't need those customers 3. How can a complaint help a company? It gives people in the complaint department things to do They can make the competition over-confident They can find out about unknown problems If you got all three correct, you are on your way to becoming a champion in TQM. If you had problems, you had better look over the material again.

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What sizes does this skirt/shirt come in? Does it come in size 10 and 14? What size do you take?

En qu talles (tallas) viene esta pollera (falda)/camisa? Viene en talles (tallas) 10 y 14? Qu talle (talla) usa usted?

The customer insists that he/she La clienta/El cliente insiste que takes size 10 (Small, Medium, ella/l usa talle 10 (pequeo, Large). mediano, grande). It's too short. I think a size 12 would suit you perfectly. This dress is too long and the shoulders are too tight. Es demasiado corto/a. Creo que un talle 12 le quedara muy bien. Este vestido es demasiado largo y los hombros son demasiado ajustados (ceidos).

English Proverbs You are what you own. Tanto tienes, tanto vales A few germs never hurt anyone. Chancho limpio nunca engorda. A man may learn with every day. Todos los das se aprende algo. Cowards die many times. Quien teme la muerte no goza la vida. Different strokes for different folks. Sobre gustos, no hay nada escrito Such father, such son. Detal palo, tal astilla. Better later than never. Mejortarde que nunca. Half a loaf is better than no bread. Peor es nada. Brain is better than brawn. Ms vale maa que fuerza.. A friend in need is a friend indeed. En las malas se conocen a los amigos. All talk and no action. Mucho ruido y pocas nueces. Beggars can't be choosers. Cuando hay hambre, no hay pan duro. As sure as eggs is eggs. Como que dos y dos son cuatro Long absent ... soon forgotten. Si te he visto ... no me acuerdo. Its not the end of the world. Ms se perdi en la guerra. Hope deferred makes the heart sick. Quien espera, desespera.

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Commercial English LessonsNever say die. Persevera y triunfars. Never too late to do well. Nuncaes tarde cuando la dicha es buena. It just makes things worse. Es peor el remedio que la enfermedad. Long absent, soon forgotten. Ojos que no ven, corazn que no llora Let bygones be bygones. Lo pasado, pisado Live and let live. Hay de todo en la via del Seor. Theres honor among thieves. Entre bueyes no hay cornadas. What the boss says goes. Donde manda capitn, no manda marinero. The pen is mightier than the sword. Ms puede la pluma que la espada. Misfortunes always come in threes. No hay dos sin tres. Faint heart never won fair lady. El mundo es de los audaces. Its a small world. El mundo es un pauelo. Prevention is better than cure. Ms vale prevenir que curar. Man cannot live by bread alone. No slo de pan vive el hombre. Money goes where money is. La plata llama a la plata. One can never know too much. El saber no ocupa lugar. It never rains but it pours. Siempre llueve sobre mojado.

The truth will out. Las mentiras tienen las patas cortas. In for a penny, in for a pound. Ya que estamos en el baile, bailemos. Everyone gets deserts sooner or later. A cada chancho le llega su San Martn. Each one knows where problems lie. Cada uno sabe dnde le aprieta el zapato. Things often happen when you least expect them to. Cuando menos se piensa, salta la liebre. The shoemakers son always goes barefoot. En casa de herrero, cuchillo de palo

An apple a day keeps the doctor away. A diario una manzana es cosa sana. You cant serve God and Mammon. No se puede quedar bien con Dios y con el Diablo. You have to suffer in the name of fashion. Lo que es moda no incomoda.

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Commercial English LessonsThe remedy may be worse than the disease. El remedio puede ser peor que la enfermedad. Its no crime to steal from a thief. Quien roba a un ladrn ladrn tiene cien aos de perdn. Give a dog a bad name and hang it. Cra fama y chate a dormir Married people need a home of their own. El casado casa quiere. Birth is much, but breeding is more. Nome digas con quien naces, sino con quien paces. Everyone sees things from his (her) own point of view. Uno habla de la feria segn le va en ella. The best way to solve a problem is to attack its cause. Muerto el perro, terminada la rabia. Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper. Con esperanza no se come. Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery. El mejor halago es que lo imiten a uno. God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. Dios aprieta, pero no ahorca. Theres no substitute for experience. Ms sabe el diablo por viejo que por diablo Her left hand doesnt know what her right hand is doing. Borra con el codo lo que escribe con la mano. Never look a gift horse in the mouth. A caballo regalado no se le miran los dientes. Well just have to make do. A falta de pan, buenas son tortas. Its the same people under another name. Es el mismo perro con diferente collar. Nothing goes on for ever. No hay mal que dure cien aos (ni cuerpo que lo resista).

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Commercial English Lessonsregular verbs list TABLE # 1 Verbs that duplicate their final consonant (admit - admitted) or change "-y" for "-ied", when the "y" is preceded by a consonant (bury - buried). 1 INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE CASTELLANO admitir prohibir rogar enterrar aplaudir copiar gritar, llorar dejar caer, caerse secar imaginar, desear caber, encajar frer abrazar apurarse identificar tejer anudar etiquetar nivelar casarse

admit (admt) ban (ban) beg (beg) bury (bri) clap (klp) copy (kpi) cry (kri) drop (drop) dry (dri) empty (mpti) fancy (fnsi) fit (fit) fry (fri) hug (jg) hurry (jri) identify (aidntifai) knit (nit) knot (not) label (libl) level (lvel) marry (mri) multiply (mltplai) pedal (pdal) plan (plan) plug (plag) prefer (prfr) program (prgram) regret (rigrt)

admitted (admtid) banned (bnd) begged (bgd) buried (brid) clapped (klpt) copied (kpid) cried (krid) dropped (drpt) dried (drid) emptied (mptid) fancied (fnsid) fitted (ftid) fried (frid) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid) identified (aidntifaid) knitted (ntid) knotted (ntid) labelled (libld) levelled (lveld) married (mrid) multiplied (mltplid) pedalled (pdald) planned (pland) plugged (plagd) preferred (prifert) programmed (prgramd) regretted

admitted (admtid) banned (bnd) begged (bgd) buried (brid) clapped (klpt) copied (kpid) cried (krid) dropped (drpt) dried (drid) fancied (fnsid) fitted (ftid) fried (frid) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid) identified (aidntifaid) knitted (ntid) knotted (ntid) labelled (libld) levelled (lveld) married (mrid)

emptied (mptid) vaciar

multiplied (mltmultiplicar plid) pedalled (pdald) pedalear planned (pland) plugged (plagd) programmed (prgramd) regretted planear, planificar conectar

preferred (prifert) preferir programar lamentarse

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Commercial English Lessons(rigrtid) rely (reli) reply (repli) rob (rb) rub (rab) satisfy (satisfi) shop (shop) signal (sgnal) sin (sn) skip (skp) slip (slp) stop (stop) supply (sapli) terrify (trrifai) tip (tp) travel (trvel) try (tri) worry (uri) relied (relid) replied (repldt) robbed (rbd) rubbed (rbd) satisfied (satisfid) shopped (shpt) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) stopped (stpt) supplied (saplid) terrified (trrifid) tipped (tpt) travelled (trveld) tried (trid) worried (urid) (rigrtid) relied (relid) replied (replid) robbed (rbd) rubbed (rbd) satisfied (satisfid) shopped (shpt) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) stopped (stpt) confiar responder robar frotar satisfacer comprar hacer seales pecar saltearse deslizarse pararse, detenerse

supplied (saplid) proveer terrified (trrifid) tipped (tpt) travelled (trveld) tried (trid) worried (urid) aterrorizar dar propina viajar tratar, intentar preocuparse

irregular verbs list 1 INFINITIVE 2 be (bi) become (bikm) begin (bigun) break (brik) bring (bring) build (bilt) buy (bi) PAST 3 PARTICIPLE CASTELLANO been (bin) become (bikm) begun (bign) broken (brukn) brought (brot) built (bilt) ser, estar llegar a ser comenzar romper traer construir comprar was/were (us/ur) became (bikim) began (bign) broke (bruk) brought (brot) built (bilt)

bought (bot) bought (bot)

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Commercial English Lessonscatch (kach) choose (chus) come (km) cut (kat) do (d) draw (dr) drink (drink) drive (driv) eat (:t) fall (fol) feel (f:l) find (find) fly (fli) forget (forgut) get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grow (gru) hang (jng) have (jev) hear (jar) keep (k:p) know (nu) learn (lrn) lose (l:s) make (mik) meet (m:t) pay (pi) put (put) read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran) caught (kot) caught (kot) came (kem) come (km) cut (kat) did (dd) drew (dr) drank (drnk) drove (druv) ate (et) fell (fel) felt (felt) found (fand) flew (flu) forgot (forgt) got (got) cut (kat) done (dn) drawn (drn) drunk (drank) driven (drvn) eaten (tn) fallen (flen) felt (felt) found (fund) flown (fln) forgotten (forgtn) got/gotten (got/gotn) gone (gun) grown (grn) hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) kept (kept) known (nun) lost (lost) met (met) paid (ped) put (put) read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran) Page 78 agarrar venir cortar hacer dibujar beber conducir comer caer sentir encontrar volar olvidar obtener, conseguir dar ir cultivar, crecer colgar tener, haber oir guardar saber, conocer aprender perder hacer, fabricar encontrarse con pagar poner leer cabalgar sonar correr chose (chos) chosen (chsn) elegir

gave (guiv) given (gvn) went (unt) grew (gr) hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) kept (kept) knew (ni) lost (lost) met (met) paid (ped) put (put) read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren)

learnt (lernt) learnt (lernt) made (mid) made (mid)

Commercial English Lessonssay (si) see (s:) sell (sel) send (send) show (shu) shut (shat) sing (sing) sleep (slp) smell (smel) speak (spik) spend (spend) stand (stand) steal (stl) swim (sum) take (tik) teach (tch) tell (tel) think (zink) wake (uik) wear (uar) win (un) write (rit) said (sed) saw (su) sold (sold) sent (sent) showed (shut) shut (shat) sang (seng) slept (slpt) smelt (smelt) spoke (spuk) spent (spent) stole (stul) swam (sum) took (tul) taught (tot) told (told) thought (zot) wore (ur) won (un) wrote (rut) said (sed) seen (sin) sold (sold) sent (sent) shown (shun) shut (shat) sung (sang) slept (slpt) smelt (smelt) spoken (spukn) spent (spent) decir ver vender enviar mostrar cerrar cantar dormir oler hablar gastar, pasar pararse robar nadar tomar, llevar ensear decir, contar pensar, creer despertarse usar (ropa) ganar escribir

stood (st:d) stood (st:d) stolen (stln) swum (sum) taken (tikn) taught (tot) told (told) thought (zot)

woke (uuk) waken (uikn) worn (urn) won (un) written (rtn)

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