Information Technology Foundations-BIT 112

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE FIVE

Basics of the Internet and the World Wide Web

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Technology Guide Outline

• TG5.1 The Internet

• TG5.2 The World Wide Web

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Learning Objectives

• Differentiate among the Internet, the World Wide Web, intranets, and extranets.

• Describe how the Internet operates.

• Discuss the various ways to connect to the Internet.

• Describe the parts of an Internet address.

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The Internet

• The Internet is a global WAN that connects approximately one million organizational computer networks in more than 200 countries.

• Grew out of an experimental project of the Dept of Defense, Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) in the late 1960’s.

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The Internet

• Today, Internet technologies are being used both within and among companies and organizations.– Intranet

• Network designed to serve the internal informational needs of a single organization.

– Extranet• Network that connects parts of the intranets of different

organizations and allows secure communications among business partners over the Internet using virtual private networks.

– Darknet• Private network that runs on the Internet but is only open

to users who belong to the network.

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Accessing the Internet

• Connecting via an online service

• Internet kiosks

• Dial-up

• ISDN

• DSL

• Cable Modem

• Satellite

• Wireless

• Fiber to the home

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Internet Kiosk

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An Image of the Internet in the U.S.

• The white lines are Internet backbone links.

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Addresses on the Internet

• Domain names consist of multiple parts, separated by dots, which are read from right to left.– Top-level domain

• Rightmost part of an Internet name; common top-level domains are .com, .edu, .gov

– Name of the company• Next section of the Internet name

– Name of the specific computer• Next section of the Internet name

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Internet Address example

www.business.auburn.edu

Top level domain: edu

Name of the organization: Auburn University

Name of the specific computer: business

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The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web is a system of universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information via a client/server architecture.– Not the same thing as the Internet

• Internet functions as the Transport mechanism.• WWW is an application that uses the Internet, email is

another example of an app that runs on the Internet.– Home page: a text and graphical screen display that usually

welcomes the user and explains the organization that has established the page.

– Uniform resource locator: the set of letters that points to the address of a specific resource on the Web.